Delta (jiha)

jiha ce a kudancin Najeriya

Jihar Delta Jiha ce dake kudu maso kudancin Najeriya. Jihar ta samo sunanta ne daga yankin Niger Delta[1] - wacce mafi akasarinta ke cikin jihar. An kirkiri jihar ne daga yankin tsohuwar Jihar Bendel a ranar ashirin da bakwai 27 ga watan Agusta, shekara ta dubu daya da dari tara da cassa'in da daya 1991. Jihar Delta ta hada iyaka da Jihar Edo daga arewa, daga gabas kuma da jihohin Anambra da Rivers, sannan daga kudu kuma da Jihar Bayelsa, sannan daga yamma kuma da yankin Bright of Benin,[2] wacce ta mamaye a kalla kilomita dari da sittin 160 na yankin ruwayen garin. An kirkiri jihar ne daga farko da kananan hukumomi Sha biyar 15 a shekarar 1991 sai daga baya aka kara ta koma sha tara 19 sannan daga bisani kuma zuwa kananan hukumomi ashirin da biyar. Babban birnin Jihar itace Asaba wacce ke yankin Kogin Neje daga karshen arewa maso Gabashin jihar, a yayin da Warri ke taka rawa a matsayi cibiyar kasuwancin daga kudu maso yammacin gabar ruwan jihar.

Delta
Delta State (en)


Wuri
Map
 5°30′N 6°00′E / 5.5°N 6°E / 5.5; 6
Ƴantacciyar ƙasaNajeriya

Babban birni Asaba
Yawan mutane
Faɗi 5,663,362 (2016)
• Yawan mutane 320 mazaunan/km²
Harshen gwamnati Turanci
Labarin ƙasa
Yawan fili 17,698 km²
Sun raba iyaka da
Bayanan tarihi
Mabiyi Bendel State (en) Fassara
Ƙirƙira 27 ga Augusta, 1991
Tsarin Siyasa
Majalisar zartarwa Delta State Executive Council (en) Fassara
Gangar majalisa Delta State House of Assembly (en) Fassara
Bayanan Tuntuɓa
Lambar aika saƙo 320001
Kasancewa a yanki na lokaci
Lamba ta ISO 3166-2 NG-DE
Wasu abun

Yanar gizo deltastate.gov.ng
wajan karatu
makarantar kimiyya da fasa

Acikin jihohi talatin da shida 36 da ke a kasar Najeriya, Jihar Delta ita ce ta ashirin da uku a fadin kasa kuma ita ce ta sha biyu 12 a yawan jama'a da mutane kimanin miliyan biyar da dugo shida 5.6 a bisa kiyasin kidayar shekara ta dubu biyu da sha shida 2016.[3] Jihar, ta fuskar yanayin kasa ta kasu zuwa Mangrove na Afirka ta tsakiya daga yankin ruwa na kudu maso yamma da kuma dajika masu kwari irin na Najeriya wacce ta mamaye daukacin jihar da kuma dazuka masu fadama daga kuryar Kudancin jihar. Wani muhimmi al'amari a jihar sune gabar Kogin Neja da rassan sa da kuma Sauran ruwayen kaman Kogin Forçados wanda ke gudana daga yammaci da gabashin iyakokin Jihar Delta kuma ya fada Kogin Neja, da kuma Kogin Escravos wacce ke kwarara ta Warri sa'annan kuma yawancin yankunan ruwayen garin na dauke ne da dimbin dananan rafuka wadanda suka samar da akasarin yammacin Niger Delta. Mafi akasarin dabbobi da ake samu a yankin sun hada da; kadoji, tsuntsaye Parrot, nauyin kerkeci na African fish eagle, da birai na Mona, da kuma damisan Afirka, da kuma nau'in biran chimpanzee na Najeriya da Kamaru.[4][5]

Logon jihar Delta

Jihar Delta ta yau ta kunshi kabilu da dama na tsawon lokaci wanda suka hada da kabilar Isoko da Harshen Eruwa wanda suka mamaye yankunan tsakiyar jihar; kabilar Ukwuani daga gabas; yayinda kabilar Ika, Olukumi da kuma Ozanogogo suka mamaye arewa maso Gabashin jihar; Anioma daga arewa maso yamma; kabilu Ijaw, Itsekiri, Urhobo, da Uvwie daga yankin arewa maso yamma. Kafin zuwan Turawan mulkin mallaka, yankin Jihar Delta ta yau ta kasu zuwa masarautu masu mulkin kansu kamar su MasaraWarri da Masarautar Agbon kafin su zamo yankin mulkin mallakar Turawa na Oil River Protectorate a shekara ta dubu daya da dari takwas da tamanin da hudu 1884. A shekara ta dubu daya da dari tara 1900, Turawa sun hade yankin (wato Niger Coast Protectorate) da yankin Mulkin Mallakan Turawa na Kudu wacce daga bisani ta zamo Najeriya ta Burtaniya. Duk da haka, Turawan mulkin mallaka basu gama samun cikakken iko akan yankin ba sai a shekarar 1910 a dalilin rikice-rikicen Ekumeku Movement. Kamar yadda aka sani, acikin Jihar Delta akwai yankunan da ke karkashin ikon kasar Faransa wanda turawan Burtaniya suka sake wa Faransa Yankunan Forcados da Badjibo a tasakanin shekara ta 1903 zuwa shekara ta 1930.

Bayan samun 'yancin kai, yankin Jihar Delta ta yau na daga cikin yankin Jihar Yammacin Najeriya bayan samun 'yancin Najeriya, har zuwa shekarar 1963, lokacin da aka raba yankin kuma jihar ta fada karkashin Yankin Yamma ta Tsakiya ta Najeriya. Haka zalika a shekarar 1967 ne yankin Inyamurai watau tsohuwar Yankin Gabashin Najeriya ta suka so kafa sabuwar kasar Biyafara kuma suka kaiwa Yankin Yamma ta Tsakiya hari tare da nufin kame Jihar Lagos kuma su kawo karshen Yakin amma an hanasu kuma an kora su na dan lokaci amma daga baya suka kame yankin (harda Jihar Delta ta yau) suka rada mata suna Tarayyar Benin. Acikin wannan hali, anyi kazamin barna a tsakanin sojojin Biyafara da kuma mutane mazauna yankin Jihar Delta ta yau, tare da kisan gilla da 'yan Bifara ke yiwa 'yan ainihin kabilun Hausa, Urhobo da kuma Kabilar Ijaw; haka zalika, sojojin Najeriya a yayin amsar jihar sun gudanar da Kisan kiyashin Asaba ga mutanen asalin yaren Igbo. Yakin ya kawo karshe kuma an mayar da Yankin Yamma ta Tsakiya cikin Najeriya, har zuwa shekarar 1976 lokacin da aka sauya mata suna zuwa Jihar Bendel. A shekarar 1991, an raba Jihar Bendel, arewacinta ta zamo Jihar Edo, yayinda kudancinta ta zamo Jihar Delta.[6]

Tattalin arzikin jihar[7] sun ta'allaka ne akan samar da man fetur da gas, a matsayin daya daga cikin muhimman jihohin dake samar da man fetur a Nejeriya.[8] Kadan daga cikin muhimman masana'antun sun hada da noma yayin da jihar ke samar da isashhen manja, doya da rogo dangane da kamun/kiwon kifi da samar da fure. Dangane da albarkacin man fetur, jihar ita ce ta hudu acikin Jerin Jihohi Najeriya dangane da Ma'aunin Cigaban Jama'a a kasar; duk da haka, rikice-rikice tsakanin kamfanonin mai da kuma mutanen garin sun kawo cikas dangane da cin hanci da rashawa wanda suka janyo rashin ci gaba musamman a yankunan da ake hako man.[9][10]

Yanayin kasa

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Yanayin kasa Delta

Jihar na da fadin fili na kimanin 18,050 km2 (6,970 sq mi) wanda fiye da kashi 60% doron kasa ne. Jihar na nan a lambobin wuri a kalla 5°00' da 6°45' E da kuma 5°00'da 6°30' N.[11] Tana nan a Yankin Yamma ta Tsakiyan Najeriya kuma ta hada iyaka da Jihar Edo daga arewa, daga gabas kuma da jihohin Anambra da  Rivers, sannan daga kudu kuma da Jihar Bayelsa, sannan daga yamma kuma da yankin Bright of Benin wanda ya mamaye kilomitoci 160km na yankin ruwan jihar. Jihar Delta na kan kwari ne ba tare da tudu ko guda ba. Akwai yankunan ruwa da dama a jihar wadanda suke hade da koramu wanda suka samar da yankin Kogin Niger Delta.[12]

An kirkiri Jihar Delta ne daga tsohuwar Jihar Bendel a ranar 27 ga watan Augustan shekara ta 1991.[13] An samar da jihar ne a sanadiyyar riritawa don samar da jiha ta daban da mutanen ainihi na Gundumar Delta suka yi.[14] Haka zalika akwai bukata ta sabuwar jihar mai suna "Jihar Anioma" wanda ta hada da yankunan Asaba da Agbor na yankin tsohuwar Yankin Yamma ta Tsakiya.[15] Shugaban kasa soja na lokacin Gen. Ibrahim Babangida ya zaba Jihar Delta tare da Asaba wata shahararriyar birnin a yankin arewa maso yammacin Niger a matsayin babban birnin jihar. Jihar Delta ta kasance a da daga cikin Yankin Yamma ta Tsakiya daga shekarar ta 1963 zuwa ta 1976, daga bisani kum Jihar Bendel a tsakanin shekara ta 1976 zuwa shekaran ta 1991. Sunan "Bendel" ta samo asali daga tsaffin gundomomin Benin da Delta na Yankin Yammacin Delta don nuna muhimmancin gundumomin guda biyu (Benin da Delta).[16]

Mazauna Jihar Delta sun hada da kabilu kamar haka: Urhobo, Isoko, Ika, Aniocha-Oshimili, Itsekiri, da kuma Olukumi.[17]

 
Mutanen Delta

Kabilar Urhobo-Isoko na da mafi rinjayen mutane kuma a yanzu akwai mutum akalla miliyan 2.6 a jihar.[18] Gungun yaruka na Iboid na jihar sun hada da Mutanen Anioma (mutanen gari mai kyau).[19] kabilar Itsekiri na amfani da yare mai kama da yarbanci amma yana da alaka da al'adun kabilar Edo na Jihar Edo, hadi da yarukan Urhobo da Ijaw. Kabilar Ijaw mutane ne masu alaka da makwabtansu na Jihar Bayelsa,[20] yayinda yaren Olukumi suka fara bacewa ta fuskar al'ada da yare,[21] a dalilin cudanya da wasu harsunan.

An zabi Arthur Okowa Ifeanyi, dan takara a karkashin jam'iyyar PDP a matsayin gwamnan Jihar Delta a cikin watan Afrilun 2015.[22] Mataimakinsa shi ne Kingsley Otuaro.[23] Jihar na da mazabu uku (Arewa, Kudu da Tsakiya). Sanatocin da aka zaba a zaben shekara ta 2011 zuwa shekara ta 2013 sune James Manager, Arthur Okowa Ifeanyi da kuma Emmanuel Aguariavwodo wanda ya maye gurbin Pius Ewherido wanda ya rasu a shekara ta 2013 a Asibitin Tarayya dake Abuja.[24] An zabi Chief Ighoyeta Amori a zaben shekara ta 2015, amma an soke nasa zaben kuma an rantsar da Sanata Ovie Omo-Agege a matsayin sanata mai wakiltar Delta ta Tsakiya.[25][25] James Manager ya koma kujerarsa kuma an zabi Peter Nwaoboshi a matsayin sanata mai wakiltar Arewacin jihar.

 
Majalissar dokokin jihar Delta

Gwamnatocin gaba da na baya

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Kananan Hukumomi

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logo na jihar Delta

Jihar Delta tana da adadin Kananan hukumomi guda ashirin da biyar (25), an kawo su a jere a jadawalin dake kasa tare da kasafin kidayar shekara ta 2006:

Shiyar Sanata na Tsakiyar Jihar Delta 1,575,738 Shiyar Sanata ta Jihar Delta ta Arewa 1,293,074 Shiyar Sanata ta Jihar Delta ta Kudu 1,229,282
Ethiope ta Gabas 200,942 Aniocha ta Arewa 104,062 Bomadi 86,016
Ethiope ta Yamma 202,712 Aniocha ta Kudu 142,045 Burutu 207,977
Okpe 128,398 Ika ta Arewa maso Gabas 182,819 Isoko ta Arewa 143,559
Sapele 174,273 Ika ta Kudu 167,060 Isoko ta Kudu 235,147
Udu 142,480 Ndokwa ta Gabas 103,224 Patani 67,391
Ughelli ta Arewa 320,687 Ndokwa ta Yamma 150,024 Warri ta Arewa 136,149
Ughelli ta Kudu 212,638 Oshimili ta Arewa 118,540 Warri ta Kudu 311,970
Uvwie 188,728 Oshimili ta Kudu 150,032 Warri ta Kudu maso Yamma 116,538
Ukwuani 119,034

Kananan hukumomi da harsuna

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Harsunan Jihar Delta dangane da kananan hukumominsu:[34]

LGA Languages
Aniocha ta Arewa Igbo
Aniocha ta Kudu Igbo
Burutu Izon
Bomadi Izon
Ethiope ta Gabas Urhobo
Ethiope ta Yamma Urhobo
Ika ta Arewa Ika
Ika ta Kudu Ika
Isoko ta Arewa Isoko
Isoko ta Kudu Isoko
Ndokwa ta Gabas Ukwuani
Ndokwa ta Yamma Ukwuani
Oshimili ta Arewa Igbo
Oshimili ta Kudu Igbo
Okpe Urhobo
Patani Izon, Urhobo
Sapele Urhobo,
Udu Urhobo
Ughelli ta Arewa Urhobo
Ughelli ta Kudu Urhobo
Ukwuani Ukwuani
Uvwie Urhobo
Warri ta Arewa Itsekiri, Izon
Warri ta Kudu Urhobo, Itsekiri
Warri ta Kudu maso Yamma Izon, Itsekiri

Albarkatun kasa

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Akwai ma'adanai iri-iri a jihar kamar su: industrial clay, silica, lignite, kaolin, tar sand, duwatsu na ado, limestone da dai sauransu.[35] Ana amfani da wadannan ma'adanai a ma'aikatu wajen hada ceramic, kwalba, gilasai, alli, wayoyi, da makamantansu.[36]

Har ila yau, akwai tarin arzikin man fetur a Jihar Delta, kuma tana daya daga cikin muhimman garuruwan da ke samar da kayan da ake hadawa daga man fetur a Najeriya. Tattalin arzikin jihar sun ta'allaka ne matuka a wajen cinikin man fetur.

Manyan Makarantu

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Makarantun gaba da sakandare na jihar sun hada da:[37]

Wuraren bude idanu

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A Jihar Delta, akwai wuraren tarihi, al'adu da zamantakewa na siyasa, wuraren bude idanun da ke jan hankalin 'yan kallo daga ko'ina a fadin duniya.Wasu daga cikin wadannan wurare sun hada da:[25]

  • Fadar Nana (The Nana's Palace) wanda Chief Nana Olomu na Ebrohim ya gina. Ya shahara a karni na 19, kuma dan kasuwa ne na garin da yayi hulda da turawa. Daga baya huldar ta baci. An mamaye daga baya (ba tare da anyi fada ba) sai suka koma kasar Ghana. Abubuwan da ya bari sun hada da katafaren fadar sa dake gidansa.[Ana bukatan hujja]
  • Rafin Ethiope iwanda ake ikirarin cewa shine ruwa mafi zurfi acikin garuruwan Afurka (zurfi 176 km). Mabubbugar ruwan na kusa da wani katafaren bishiya silikin auduga dake Umuaja a karamar hukumar Ukwuani sannan tana kwararar ta kananan hukumomin jihar source is at the foot of a giant silk-cotton tree at Umuaja in Ukuami sannan su kwarara zuwa Sauran yan kananan hukumomin jihar. Wurin bauta ne na addinin gargajiya na Olokun sannan kuma wurin bautar na mabiya addinin Agbe.[62]
  • Yankin Bible na Araya wanda ke dauke da kwafi na Littafin mai tsarki na Bible. An yarda da cewa Littafin Bible ya sauka a wannan yankin cikin al'ajabi daga sama a cikin watan Augusta, 1914. Littafin na bible ya sauko ne acikin wani jikakken doya daga ruwan sama amma bai jike ba. Yankin na janyo dubunnan mabiya addinin kirista duk shekara.[63]
  • Demas Nwoko Edifice wanda aka gina da kayan aiki na gargajiya, tsari da salon gini na cigaban mutanen Igbo wanda Demas Nwoko wani mai zane, ma gini kuma mai fasaha na duniya daga garin Idumuje-Ugboko, a karamar hukumar Aniocha ta Arewa, Jihar Delta.[64]
  • Gidan shakatawa na "Mungo Park House" wanda a yanzu Gidan Tarihi ne na Kasa, a Asaba. Royal Niger Company suka gina gidan a shekara ta 1886 kuma turawa sunyi amfani dashi a matsayin hedikwatan, gidan sojojin, hedikwatan gidan Gwamnatin turawa, gindin RNC, da kuma mazauni Gundumar Birni a lokuta daban daban.[65]
  • Gabar tekun Ogulagha Beach
  • Gadar Niger Bridge wacce ta hade Jihar Delta (daga yammacin Najeriya) zuwa yankin Gabashin Najeriya. Wuri ne mai kyawun gani wacce aka kammala a shekara ta1995 akan kudi ki manin miliyan £5. An lalata ta a lokacin yakin basasar Najeriya, amma daga bisani an gyara ta.[66]
  • Lander Brothers Anchorage, Asaba wanda aka gina don tunawa da Turawan Birtaniya da suka fara ziyartar Najeriya. Babban gindin na dauke da gidan tarihi, makabarta, da zane da rubuce-rubuce da dama. Akwai irin jirgin 'Yan uwan suka yi amfani dashi. [Ana bukatan hujja]
  • Falcorp Mangrove Park
  • Makabartar ta Musamman na Masarautar Warri makabarta ce da ta kai kimanin shekaru 512 kuma tana matsayin makwancin sarakunan Masarautar Warri. Akwai shuka da aka gina a kowanne kabari.[67]

Shahararrun mutane

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Manazarta

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