Kisan kiyashin Asaba

Kisan kiyashin Asaba ya faru ne a watan Oktoban shekarar 1967 a garin Asaba dake jihar Delta a Najeriya yayin yakin basasar Najeriya .

Kisan kiyashin Asaba

Iri	aukuwa
Kwanan watan	7 Oktoba 1967
Wuri	Asaba

Asali

A watan Agustan shekarar 1967, watanni uku bayan fara yakin Biafra, sojojin Biafra sun mamaye yankin Tsakiyar Yammacin Najeriya, zuwa yammacin kogin Niger. Sun bazu har zuwa yamma, suka kwace birnin Benin, suka isa har zuwa birnin Ore, inda rundunar sojojin Najeriya ta biyu ta korasu, karkashin jagorancin Col. Murtala Muhammad .

Dakarun Tarayyar Najeriya sun samu galaba, inda suka tilastawa 'yan gwagwarmayar kafa kasar Biafra komawa Niger, inda suka tsallaka gadar komawa cikin birnin Onitsha na kasar Biafra, wanda ke daidai hanyar Asaba. 'Yan Biafra sun tarwatsa gabacin gadar Onitsha, ta yadda sojojin Tarayyar kasar suka kasa bin su.

Kisan kiyashi

Dakarun gwamnatin tarayya sun shiga garin Asaba ne a ranar 5 ga watan Oktoba, inda suka fara farfasa gidaje da kashe fararen hula, suna ikirarin cewa masu goyon bayan Biafra ne. Rahotanni sun nuna cewa mai yiwuwa an kashe mazaje da dama da ba su ji ba ba su gani ba a daidaiku da kuma kungiyance a wurare daban-daban a garin. Shugabannin sun kira mutanen garin da su yi taro a safiyar ranar 7 ga watan Oktoba, da fatan za a kawo karshen tashe tashen hankula ta hanyar nuna goyon baya ga "Nigeria Daya". Daruruwan mutane maza da mata da yara da dama sanye da kayan shagulgulan bikin akwa ocha (fararen farare) sun yi fareti a babban titi suna kade-kade da raye-raye da rera taken "Nigeria Daya". A wata mahadar, an raba maza da samari maza da mata da yara kanana, kuma an taru a wani fili da ke kauyen Ogbe-Osowa. Dakarun gwamnatin tarayya sun bayyana mashinan bindigu, kuma an ba da umarni, kamar yadda wani kwamandan na biyu, Maj. Ibrahim Taiwo, ya bude wuta. An kawo karshen yawancin kashe-kashen a ranar 7 ga Oktoba.

‘Yan uwan mamatan sun dauko gawarwakin wasu da aka kashe kuma suka binne su a gidajensu. Amma yawancin an binne su a da yawa a kaburbura, ba tare da al'adun da suka dace ba. Iyalai da yawa sun rasa maza da yara maza da dama. Sojojin gwamnatin tarayya sun mamaye garin Asaba na tsawon watanni da dama, inda aka lalata yawancin garin, aka yi wa mata da ‘yan mata da dama fyade ko aka yi musu “aure,” kuma dimbin ‘yan kasar sun yi gudun hijira, galibi ba su dawo ba, sai da aka kawo karshen yakin a shekarar 1970.

Adadin wadanda suka mutu

Ba a taba kididdige adadin mutanen da suka mutu a kisan kiyashin ba. A shekarar 1981, majalisar raya kasa ta Asaba ta tattara jerin sunayen matattu 373, amma ta bayyana cewa basu cika ba. Masanin ilimin dan adam S. Elizabeth Bird da masanin tarihi Fraser Ottanelli sun kiyasta cewa an kashe mutane tsakanin 500 zuwa 800. David Scanlon na Quaker Relief Services ya ruwaito cewa an kashe maza da yara maza 759, yayin da dan jarida Colin Legum ya rubuta cewa mutane 700 suka mutu. Alkaluman shaidun gani da ido sun yi kiyasin mutuwar mutane 500 zuwa sama da 1,000.

Wanda ake zargi

A wani lokaci ana ikirarin cewa IBM Haruna ne jami’in da ya bayar da umarnin kisan kiyashin, biyo bayan rahoton shaidar da ya bayar ga hukumar binciken take hakkin bil’adama ta Najeriya da aka fi sani da Oputa Panel. Wannan labarin ya ambato shi yana da'awar alhakin (a matsayinsa na kwamandan rundunar) kuma ba shi da uzuri game da wannan ta'asa. Duk da haka, Haruna bai halarci Asaba a shekarar 1967 ba. Ya maye gurbin Murtala Muhammed a matsayin CO na Division Biyu a cikin bazara 1968.

A watan Oktoban shekarar 2017, al’ummar Asaba sun gudanar da bikin cika shekaru 50 da kisan kiyashi tare da gudanar da taron tunawa da kwanaki biyu, inda aka kaddamar da sabon littafi mai cikakken bayani kan kisan kiyashin, musabbabinsa, da sakamakonsa, da abin da ya bari: "The Asaba Massacre: Trauma, Memory, and the Nigerian Civil War," na S. Elizabeth Bird da Fraser Ottanelli (Jami'ar Cambridge University Press). Wannan littafi, wanda ya yi tsokaci kan hirar da aka yi da wadanda suka tsira da rayukansu da na sojoji da na gwamnati, da majiyoyin adana kayan tarihi, ya yi bayani kan yadda kisan kiyashin ya faru da dalilin da ya sa aka yi wannan kisan kiyashi, da kuma tasirin wannan mummunan rauni na al’umma, shekaru da dama bayan faruwar lamarin.

Duba kuma

• Murtala Muhammad
• Benjamin Adekunle

Littafi Mai Tsarki

•  
• Bird, SE and F. Ottanelli (2017). The Asaba Massacre: Trauma, Memory, and the Nigerian Civil War. Cambridge University Press.
• Bird SE and F. Ottanelli (2011). The History and Legacy of the Asaba, Nigeria, Massacres. African Studies Review 54 (3): 1-26.

Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

• www.asabamemorial.org Gidan yanar gizon Aikin Tunawa da Asaba, wanda ya haɗa da cikakkun bayanai, shirye-shiryen bidiyo na shaidu, da sauran albarkatu.
• https://vimeo.com/71894404, "Mafi yawan 'yan Najeriya masu rauni: Gadon Kisan Asaba." Bidiyo da aka ƙirƙira a matsayin wani ɓangare na Aikin Tunawa da Asaba]