Gwamnatin Tarayyar Najeriya
Gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya tana da rassa guda uku: 'yan majalisu, zartaswa, da shari'a, wadanda kundin tsarin mulki ta ba su iko daga Kundin Tsarin Mulkin Najeriya a Majalisa da shugaban kasa da kotunan tarayya ciki har da kotun koli. Kundin tsarin mulkin kasar ya tanadi rarrabuwa mukamai da daidaito a tsakanin bangarorin guda uku da nufin hana maimaita kura-kuran da gwamnati ta yi a baya.[1][2]
 Gwamnatin Tarayyar Najeriya | |
|---|---|
political system (en)  | |
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| Bayanai | |
| Ƙasa | Najeriya |
| Shafin yanar gizo | nigeria.gov.ng |
Najeriya jamhuriya ce ta tarayya, wacce shugaban kasa ke da ikon zartarwa. Shugaban kasa shi ne shugaba a kasa, jagoran gwamnati, kuma shugaban tsarin jam’iyyu da yawa. Siyasar Najeriya tana gudana ne a cikin tsarin tarayya, shugabancin kasa, jamhuriya dimokuradiyya mai wakilci, inda gwamnati ke amfani da ikon zartarwa. 'Yan majalisa na karkshin gwamnatin tarayya da kuma majalisun dokoki guda biyu: majalisar wakilai da ta dattawa. A dunkule, majalisun biyu su ne hukumar da ke kafa doka a Najeriya, wadda ake kira majalisar dokokin kasar, wadda ke zaman tantance bangaren zartarwa na gwamnati.[3] "Economist Intelligence Unit" ya kimanta Najeriya a matsayin "hybrid regime" " a shekara ta 2019.[4] Gwamnatin Tarayya, Jihohi, da Kananan Hukumomin Najeriya na da burin yin aiki tare domin gudanar da mulkin kasa da al’ummarta.[5] Najeriya ta zama mamba ja kungiyar Commonwealth ta Burtaniya bayan samun 'yancin kai daga turawan mulkin mallaka a ranar 1 ga watan Oktoba, shekara ta 1960.[6]
Tsarin shari'a gyara sashe
Shari'ar Najeriya ta ginu ne a kan bin doka, 'yancin kai na bangaren shari'a, da dokokin gama-gari na Birtaniyya (saboda dogon tarihin tasirin mulkin mallaka na Burtaniya ). Doka ta gama gari a tsarin shari'a tana kama da tsarin dokokin gama gari da ake amfani da su a Ingila da Wales da sauran ƙasashen Commonwealth . Tsarin mulki na yanayin doka yana cikin kundin tsarin mulkin Najeriya.[7]
- Dokar Turai, wadda ta samo asali daga mulkin mallaka da Birtaniya;
- Doka ta gama gari, cigaban shari'a tun lokacin mulkin mallaka;
- Doka ta al'ada, wacce ta samo asali daga al'adun gargajiya da harki;
- Sharia, dokar da ake amfani da ita a wasu jihohi a yankin arewacin Najeriya.
Akwai reshen shari'a, kuma an ɗaukar Kotun Koli a matsayin kolluwar shari'a a Ƙasar.
Doka a matsayin tushen dokokin Najeriya gyara sashe
Hanyoyi biyu na asali na dokokin Najeriya ta hanyar zartarwa sune[4]
(1) Ayyukan majalisar dokokin Biritaniya, waɗanda aka fi sani da ƙa'idodin aikace-aikace na gama-gari kafin samun 'yancin kai.[8]
(2) Dokokin cikin gida (wanda ya kunshi dokokin Najeriya daga lokacin mulkin mallaka har zuwa yau). Akwai kuma wasu kafofin da duk da cewa an shigar da su a cikin ka'idojin Najeriya musamman shigo da su cikin tsarin dokokin Najeriya. Ana kiran su da criminal and penal codes na Najeriya.[9]
Dokokin Najeriya a matsayin tushen ka'idoji a Najeriya gyara sashe
Ana iya rarraba dokokin Najeriya kamar haka. Zamanin mulkin mallaka har zuwa 1960, dokoki bayan 'yancin kai a shekara ta 1960-Zuwa shekara ta 1966, zamanin soja a shelara ta 1966 Zuwa shekara ta 1999.[10]
Dokokin bayan samun yancin kai 1960-1966 gyara sashe
Ba wa Najeriya ‘yancin kai ya kasance wani muhimmin abu a tarihin siyasar kasar. Wannan lokaci ya shaida cigaban siyasa da aka samu a lokacin mulkin mallaka. ’Yan siyasa da gaske sun mayar da hankali kan gazawarsu a harkokin siyasa. Ta samu wa kanta matsayin jamhuriya ta hanyar kakkaɓe manyan hurumin da jami'an mulkin mallaka ke rike dasu.[11] Duk da haka, duk da tashe-tashen hankula da aka yi wa tanada, kundin tsarin mulkin ya ci gaba da wanzuwa a gwamnatocin da suka biyo baya (na soja ko waninsa).[9]
Mulkin Soja, 1966-1999 gyara sashe
Ba za a danganta tabarbarewar doka da oda da aka samu a lokacin da ake yin nazari a kan duk wani lahani da ke cikin tsarin shari’ar Najeriya ba. Cin hanci da rashawa a siyasance da duk wani al'amari na rayuwar Najeriya ya lalata inganci da ci gaba. An yi yunkurin juyin mulki sau 8 gaba daya, biyar sun yi nasara, 3 kuma ba su yi nasara ba.[9]
Reshen Gudanarwa gyara sashe
Ana zaben shugaban kasa ta hanyar zabe na dukkannin mutanen gari . Shugaban kasa shi ne jagoara a kasa kuma shugaban gwamnati, wanda ke jagorantar majalisar zartarwa ta tarayya, ko majalisar ministoci. An zabi shugaban kasa ne don ganin an samar da Kundin Tsarin Mulkin Najeriya da kuma yadda dokar ta shafi jama’a.[12] Shi ma zababben shugaban kasar shi ne ke kula da sojojin kasar, kuma ba zai iya yin wa'adi fiye da biyu na shekaru hudu kowanne wa'adi ba.[12][13] Shugaban Najeriya a yanzu shi ne Muhammadu Buhari, wanda aka zabe shi a shekara ta 2015 kuma mataimakin shugaban kasa a yanzu Yemi Oshinbajo.[13]
Bangaren zartaswa dai ya kasu zuwa ma’aikatun tarayya, kowanne daga cikin na karkashin jagorancin ministoci da shugaban kasa ya nada. Dole ne shugaban kasa ya sanya akalla mamba daya daga kowacce jihohi 36 a cikin majalisarsa. Majalisar dattawan Najeriya ke tabbatar da nadin shugaban kasar. A wasu lokuta, ministan tarayya kan samu alhakin kula da fiye da ma'aikata ɗaya (misali, muhalli da gidaje ana iya haɗa su), ko kuma minista ɗaya ko fiye da ministocin jihohi.[14] Kowace ma'aikatar kuma tana da Sakatare na dindindin, wanda babban ma'aikacin gwamnati ne.[15]
Ma'aikatun suna da alhakin ayyuka daban-daban (wurare na mallakin gwamnati ), kamar jami'o'i, Hukumar Watsa Labarai ta Kasa, da Kamfanin Mai na Najeriya. Duk da haka, alhakin wasu ma'aikatu na karkashin ofishin shugaban kasa, kamar Hukumar Zabe Mai Zaman Kanta ta Kasa, Hukumar Yaki da Cin Hanci da Rashawa da Hukumar Kula da Ma'aikata ta Tarayya.[16]
Reshen majalisa gyara sashe
Majalisar dokokin Najeriya tana da zauruka guda biyu: majalisar wakilai da ta dattawa. Kakakin majalisar wakilai ne ke jagorantar ita majalisar. Tana da mambobi 360, wadanda aka zaba na tsawon shekaru hudu a mazabun kujeru guda. Majalisar dattijai na da wakilai 109 tana karkashin jagorancin shugaban majalisar. Ana zaben mambobi 108 na tsawon shekaru hudu a mazabu 36 masu kujeru uku wadanda suka yi daidai da jahohin kasar 36 . Ana zaban mamba daya na kujeru daya tak a mazabar babban birnin tarayya.[17]
Ana zabar ’yan majalisa ne ko dai a Majalisar Wakilai ko a Majalisar Dattawa domin su zama wakilan mazabarsu da samar da wata doka da za ta amfanar da jama’a.[12] Tsarin doka ya ƙunshi kuɗaɗen da ake tsarawa da gabatar da su a cikin ɗaruruwan majalisun biyu.[12] Wadannan kudirorin za su iya zama doka ta kasa kawai idan shugaban Najeriya ya amince da su wanda zai iya yin watsi da kudirin.[12]
A halin yanzu dai shugaban majalisar dattawan shi ne Ahmed Ibrahim Lawan, wanda aka zaba zuwa majalisar dattawa a shekarar ta 2007, kuma shugaban majalisar Femi Gbajabiamila, wanda ya kasance shugaban majalisar wakilai na Najeriya na 9 tun daga shekara ta 2019.[13] Za a iya owane dan majalisar dokokin Najeriya zabe shi zuwa fiye da shekaru hudu kawai.[13] A baya-bayan nan dai, majalisar dokokin kasar ta yi amfani da matsayinta wajen yin katsalandan, a matsayin tantance ikon shugaban kasa da majalisar ministocinsa.[18] An san ’yan majalisa da yin amfani da ikonsu ba kawai yin doka ba, amma a matsayin hanyar tsoratarwa ta siyasa da kuma kayan aiki don inganta nasarar kuɗin kuɗi na mutum ɗaya.[19][20]
Ana biyan Sanatoci albashin da ya kai dalar Amurka sama da $ 2,200 a wata, wanda aka yi masu kari da kudaden da suke kasheaw dalar Amurka $ 37,500 a kowanne wata (alkalumman a Shekara ta 2018).[21][22]
Reshen shari'a gyara sashe
Bangaren shari’a ya kunshi kotun koli ta Najeriya, kotun daukaka kara, manyan kotuna, da sauran kotunan shari’a irin su Majistare da na al’ada da shari’a da sauran kotuna na musamman.[23] Majalisar shari’a ta kasa tana aiki ne a matsayin hukumar zartarwa mai zaman kanta, tana mai kare bangaren shari’a da bangaren zartarwa na gwamnati.[24] Babban Alkalin Alkalan Najeriya da wasu alkalai goma sha uku ne ke jagorantar kotun kolin na Najeriya, wadanda shugaban kasar ke nadawa bisa shawarar majalisar shari'a ta kasa. Majalisar dattawa za ta tabbatar da wadannan alkalan.[25]
Bangaren shari’a na gwamnatin Najeriya daya ne tilo daga cikin bangarori uku na gwamnatin da ba a zaben mambobinta amma ake nada su. Bangaren shari’a, musamman kotun koli, an yi niyya ne don kiyaye ka’idoji da dokokin kundin tsarin mulkin kasa da aka rubuta a shekara ta 1999.[26] Manufarta ita ce ta kare hakkin 'yan kasa.[26] Alkalin Alkalan Najeriya na Kotun Koli a yanzu shine Olukayode Ariwoola.[13]
| Ofishin | Suna | Lokaci |
| Alkalin Alkalai | Olukayode Ariwoola | 2011 - yanzu |
| Associate Justice | Musa Dattijo Muhammad | 2012 - yanzu |
| Associate Justice | Kudirat Kekere-Ekun | 2013 - yanzu |
| Associate Justice | John Inyang Okoro | 2013 - yanzu |
| Associate Justice | Chima Centus Nweze | 2014 - yanzu |
| Associate Justice | Amina Adamu Augie | 2016 - yanzu |
| Haɗa adalci | Uwani Musa Abba Aji | 2018 - yanzu |
| Associate Justice | M. Lawal Garba | 2020 - yanzu |
| Associate Justice | Helen M. Ogunwumiju | 2020 - yanzu |
| Associate Justice | Abdu Aboki | 2020 - yanzu |
| Associate Justice | INM Saulawa | 2020 - yanzu |
| Associate Justice | Adamu Jauro | 2020 - yanzu |
| Associate Justice | Tijjani Abubakar | 2020 - yanzu |
| Associate Justice | Emmanuel A. Agim | 2020 - yanzu |
Dimokradiyya a Najeriya gyara sashe
Najeriya ta fara mulkin dimokuradiyya a shekara ta 1999 da farawar ta a matsayin jamhuriya ta hudu, amma ta sha fama da koma baya ta yadda ta zama cikakkiyar dimokradiyya.[27] An gano manyan mutane a Najeriya suna da karfin iko da tasiri fiye da talakawan ’yan kasa, kuma a sakamakon haka, an samu cin hanci da rashawa da yawa a siyasar Najeriya da rayuwar jama’a.[27] Kyakkyawan alamar dimokuradiyya a Najeriya ita ce yadda zabuka ke kara samun raguwar magudi sannan kuma ana kara samun fafatawar jam’iyya.[27] Wani abin da ke nuna dimokraɗiyya mai ƙarfi shi ne kasancewar ƙungiyoyin farar hula waɗanda 'yan ƙasa ke da 'yancin yin aiki da magana cikin yardar kaina tare da yin amfani da kafofin watsa labarai mai ƙarfi don rayuwar yau da kullun.[27] Bugu da kari, Najeriya ta ga yadda ake amfani da kafafen yada labarai a fagen siyasa, musamman ma zanga-zangar (Special Anti-Robbery Squad) na SARS na baya-bayan nan, wanda ke nuni da samun ‘yancin fadin albarkacin baki ga jama’a don bayyana ra’ayoyinsu ga gwamnati da duniya.[27]
Matsayin 'yanci gyara sashe
A bisa kididdigar "World Press Freedom Index" na shekara ta 2020, Najeriya ce kasa ta 115 mafi ‘yanci a duniya. Ana kallonta a matsayin kasa mai ci gaba da cin zarafi al'ummar ta da dakile 'yancin magana da yada labarai.[28] An gano Najeriya a matsayin kasa mai rauni, duka da ke cikin hadarin bautar zamani da cin hanci da rashawa. Al'ummar kasar na cikin mawuyacin hali saboda illolin rikice-rikice na cikin gida da al'amuran mulki.[29] Freedom House ta bayyana Najeriya a matsayin kasa mai ‘yantacciyar ‘yanci.[29] A zaben shugaban kasa da ya gabata, tsarin ya gurgunta ta da tashe-tashen hankula, tsoratarwa da sayen kuri’u, wadanda suka yi kamari a yawancin zabukan da aka yi a Najeriya.[30] Hakazalika, a zabukan ‘yan majalisar dokoki na baya-bayan nan, ‘yan kasar sun yi iƙirarin cewa tsarin yana da nasaba da tsoratarwa da wasu sabani.[30] Ana kyautata zaton za a aiwatar da tsarin zabe da dokokin da ke da alaka da su ta hanyar da ta dace, amma an yi ta samun rikita-rikitar zabe da gangan da kuma haifar da fitowar jama'a.[30] Al’ummar Najeriya suna jin kamar akwai ‘yancin da suke da shi na samun jam’iyyun siyasa daban-daban da za su wakilci ra’ayoyinsu.[30] An misalta hakan ne da dimbin halaltattun jam’iyyu da aka gani a zabuka.[30] Hakazalika, jam'iyyun adawar Najeriya na da halastacciyar dama ta shiga harkokin siyasa da kuma samun mukamai a hukumance.[30] Dangane da 'yancin fadin albarkacin baki na siyasa, Freedom House ta nuna cewa ra'ayoyi da cibiyoyi galibi suna yin tasiri sosai daga kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu, na waje ko daidaikun mutane.[30] A Najeriya, dukkan kabilu da addinai suna da damar shiga harkokin siyasa daidai gwargwado, duk da haka, akwai karancin mata da aka zaba a cikin gwamnati, an kuma lalata dangantakar jinsi daya a shekara ta 2014.[30] Ana zabar jami’an gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya kamar shugaban kasa da ‘yan majalisar dokoki ne domin su samar da manufofi da dokoki, kuma yawanci ana ba su damar yin hakan ba tare da tsangwama ba, amma a ‘yan shekarun nan, an yi ta fama da cin hanci da rashawa da rashin zaman lafiya.[30] Cin hanci da rashawa dai ya kasance babbar matsala ga gwamnatin Najeriya tun bayan samun ‘yancin kai daga turawan mulkin mallaka.[30] Musamman bangaren mai ya ba da damar cin hanci da rashawa da yawa.[30] Gwamnati ta yi kokarin samar da matakan yaki da cin hanci da rashawa da ke cin karo da ayyukan jihar, amma abin ya ci tura kawai.[30] An kuma bayyana gwamnati a matsayin rashin gaskiya, sau da yawa ba ta barin bayanan da ya kamata a samu ga jama'a.[30] Aikin jarida da kafafen yada labarai a Najeriya suna da ‘yanci, ana ba su damar gudanar da ayyukansu ba tare da gwamnati ba, amma sau da yawa ana kamawa ko kuma tantance wadanda ke sukar manyan mutane ko ofisoshi.[30] Ƙungiya mai kama da mafia, Black Axe, tana da hannu cikin cin hanci da rashawa na duniya ta hanyar amfani da zamba musamman a kan layi, kamar yadda aka ruwaito a labarin BBC. An amince da ‘yancin yin addini a Najeriya, amma an san gwamnati da ma kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu suna mayar da martani ga kungiyoyin da ke nuna adawa da gwamnatin tarayya.[30] Addini abu ne da ake ta cece-kuce a Najeriya saboda zafafan rigingimu da ake fama da su a tsakanin Kiristoci da Musulmi a jihar.[30] Freedom House ta bayyana gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya a fannin ba da yancin karatu, da kuma yadda jama'a za su iya bayyana ra'ayoyinsu ko da kuwa ba su amince da gwamnati ba ba tare da tsoron mayar da martani daga gwamnati ba.[30] An yi wa gwamnatin Najeriya kima mai matsakaicin ra'ayi kan iya haduwa da jama'a, iya aiki da hakkin dan Adam, da kasancewar kungiyoyin kwadago.[30] An kididdige bangaren shari'a a matsayin mai matsakaicin 'yanci daga gwamnati, kuma ba shi da tsari a cikin gwaji da daidaita daidaito ga dukkan al'umma.[30] Jama’a a Najeriya ba su da ’yancin fita waje, kuma galibi ana saka dokar ta-baci da gwamnatin tarayya ta kayyade a yankunan da ke fuskantar barazanar tashin hankali ko rashin zaman lafiya.[30] Akwai karancin kariya ga mata ta fuskar ‘yancin zubar da ciki, fyade, da cin zarafin gida a karkashin gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya.[30] A karshe dai ana fama da matsalar safarar mutane a Najeriya da kuma yawaitar cin zarafin ‘yan kasa wanda gwamnatin tarayya ta yi aikin da bai dace ba na hana ta.[30]
Jam'iyyun siyasa gyara sashe
Akwai jam'iyyun siyasa guda 18 da aka amince da su a Najeriya.[31] Akwai jam’iyyu da dama a sakamakon cin hanci da rashawa da hargitsin da suka kunno kai a Najeriya da suka dabaibaye gwamnatin tarayya da kuma zabuka na tsawon shekaru.[31] Yawancin jam'iyyun suna da wuyar kula.[31] Manyan jam’iyyun biyu dai su ne jam’iyyar Peoples Democratic Party da All Progressives Congress, wadanda dukkansu sun rike shugabancin kasa da kujeru a majalisar dokokin kasar na tsawon lokaci.[31] Sabanin jam’iyyu a wasu kasashe da ke wakiltar ra’ayoyin siyasa da jama’a za su yi daidai da su, jam’iyyu a Najeriya sun fi yin aiki a matsayin hanyar da fitattun mutane za su iya samun madafun iko da tasiri, kuma akwai da yawa saboda sau da yawa suna sauya sheka. jam'iyyu domin samun wanda zai ba su dama mafi kyawu na samun iko.[31]
Jam'iyyun siyasa sun kasance wani muhimmin al'amari na gwamnatin Najeriya kafin da kuman bayan samun 'yancin kai daga Turawan mulkin mallaka a Shekaran alif ta 1960.[31] Jam’iyyu suna ba da damar yin gasa ta siyasa, don ’yan kasa su sami mutanen da ke wakiltar ra’ayoyinsu da muradun su a cikin gwamnati, don bullo da sabbin shugabanni da ra’ayoyi a cikin rayuwar Nijeriya.[31] ‘Yan Najeriya da dama ba su fahimci tsarin jam’iyyun siyasa ba saboda akwai zabi da yawa kuma tsarin su bai bayyana ga jama’a ba.[31] Wannan lamari dai ya ci gaba da zama ruwan dare a Najeriya domin ya mayar da wadanda ba su da ilimi ko kuma ba su da hannu a gwamnati saniyar ware.[31] Har ila yau, da alama ana samun ra'ayin jama'a a Najeriya na goyon bayan jam'iyyun da suka danganci kabilanci na addini, musamman ta fuskar rarrabuwar kawuna tsakanin Musulmi da Kirista.[31]
Jam’iyyun siyasa 18 sun hada da: Accord, Action Alliance, Action Democratic Party, Action Peoples Party, African Action Congress, African Democratic Congress, All Progressives Congress, All Progressives Grand Alliance, Allied Peoples Movement, Boot Party, Labour Party, National Rescue Movement, New Nigeria Peoples Party, Peoples Democratic Party, Peoples Redemption Party, Social Democratic Party, Young Progressive Party, Zenith Labour Party.[32]
Tsarin zabe da zabukan baya-bayan nan gyara sashe
'Yan kasa da suka kai kimanin shekaru 18 ne ke daman yin zaben shugaban kasa da 'yan majalisar dokoki a Najeriya.[13] Hukumar zabe ta kasa ce ke da alhakin sanya ido kan zaben da kuma tabbatar da cewa sakamakon ya kasance daidai ba na magudi ba.[13] An zaɓi wanda ya yi nasara lashe kujera ta hanyar tsarin farko da aka yi amfani da shi a Burtaniya.[13]
Najeriya ta fuskanci zabuka da dama na magudi, musamman ma babban zaben da aka gudanar a shekara ta 2007.[33] Rahotanni sun nuna cewa wannan zaben ya yi fama da magudin zabe, kada kuri’an kanana yara, tashe-tashen hankula, tsoratarwa, da kuma rashin fayyace gaskiya da sahihanci daga hukumar zabe ta kasa baki daya.[33]
Zaben Shugabancin Najeriya, 2015 gyara sashe
| Dan takara | Biki | Ƙuri'u | % | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| style="background-color: Template:Party color" | | Muhammadu Buhari | Jam'iyyar All Progressives Congress | 15,424,921 | 53.96 |
| style="background-color: Template:Party color" | | Goodluck Jonathan | Jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party | 12,853,162 | 44.96 |
| Adebayo Ayeni | Ƙungiyar Jama'ar Afirka | 53,537 | 0.19 | |
| Ganiyu Galadima | Allied Congress Party of Nigeria | 40,311 | 0.14 | |
| Sam Eke | Shahararriyar Jam'iyyar Jama'a | 36,300 | 0.13 | |
| Rufus Salau | Alliance for Democracy | 30,673 | 0.11 | |
| Mani Ahmad | African Democratic Congress | 29,665 | 0.10 | |
| Allagoa Chinedu | Jam'iyyar Jama'ar Najeriya | 24,475 | 0.09 | |
| Martin Onovo | Jam'iyyar Lantarki ta Kasa | 24,455 | 0.09 | |
| Tunde Anifowose-Kelani | Kudin hannun jari Accord Alliance BOP | 22,125 | 0.08 | |
| Chekwas Okorie | United Progressive Party | 18,220 | 0.06 | |
| Comfort Sonaiya | Jam'iyyar KOWA | 13,076 | 0.05 | |
| Godson Okoye | Jam'iyyar United Democratic Party | 9,208 | 0.03 | |
| Ambrose Albert Owuru | Jam'iyyar Fata | 7,435 | 0.03 | |
| Kuri'u marasa inganci/marasa kyau | 844,519 | - | ||
| Jimlar | 29,432,083 | 100 | ||
| Masu jefa ƙuri'a / masu yin rajista | 67,422,005 | 43.65 | ||
| Source: INEC | ||||
Majalisar wakilai gyara sashe
| Biki | Ƙuri'u | % | Kujeru | +/- | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| style="background-color: Template:Party color" | | Jam'iyyar All Progressives Congress | 100 | |||
| style="background-color: Template:Party color" | | Jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party | 125 | |||
| Sauran jam'iyyun | 10 | ||||
| Kuri'u marasa inganci/marasa kyau | - | - | - | ||
| Jimlar | 233 | - | |||
| Masu jefa ƙuri'a / masu yin rajista | - | - | |||
| Source: Reuters Nigeria Tribune | |||||
Majalisar Dattawa gyara sashe
| Biki | Ƙuri'u | % | Kujeru | +/- | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| style="background-color: Template:Party color" | | Jam'iyyar All Progressives Congress | 60 | </img> 19 | ||
| style="background-color: Template:Party color" | | Jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party | 70 | </img> 15 | ||
| Jam'iyyar Labour | |||||
| Kuri'u marasa inganci/marasa kyau | - | - | - | ||
| Jimlar | 109 | - | |||
| Masu jefa ƙuri'a / masu yin rajista | - | - | |||
| Source: Zazzagewar Fina-Finan | |||||
Zaben Shugabancin Najeriya, 2019 gyara sashe
| Candidate | Party | Votes | % | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Muhammadu Buhari | All Progressives Congress | 15,191,847 | 55.60 | |
| Atiku Abubakar | People's Democratic Party | 11,262,978 | 41.22 | |
| Felix Nicolas | Peoples Coalition Party | 110,196 | 0.40 | |
| Obadiah Mailafia | African Democratic Congress | 97,874 | 0.36 | |
| Gbor John Wilson Terwase | All Progressives Grand Alliance | 66,851 | 0.24 | |
| Yabagi Sani Yusuf | Action Democratic Party | 54,930 | 0.20 | |
| Akhimien Davidson Isibor | Grassroots Development Party of Nigeria | 41,852 | 0.15 | |
| Ibrahim Aliyu Hassan | African Peoples Alliance | 36,866 | 0.13 | |
| Donald Duke | Social Democratic Party | 34,746 | 0.13 | |
| Omoyele Sowore | African Action Congress | 33,953 | 0.12 | |
| Da-Silva Thomas Ayo | Save Nigeria Congress | 28,680 | 0.10 | |
| Shitu Mohammed Kabir | Advanced Peoples Democratic Alliance | 26,558 | 0.10 | |
| Yusuf Mamman Dantalle | Allied Peoples' Movement | 26,039 | 0.10 | |
| Kingsley Moghalu | Young Progressive Party | 21,886 | 0.08 | |
| Ameh Peter Ojonugwa | Progressive Peoples Alliance | 21,822 | 0.08 | |
| Ositelu Isaac Babatunde | Accord Party | 19,209 | 0.07 | |
| Fela Durotoye | Alliance for New Nigeria | 16,779 | 0.06 | |
| Bashayi Isa Dansarki | Masses Movement of Nigeria | 14,540 | 0.05 | |
| Osakwe Felix Johnson | Democratic People's Party | 14,483 | 0.05 | |
| Abdulrashid Hassan Baba | Action Alliance | 14,380 | 0.05 | |
| Nwokeafor Ikechukwu Ndubuisi | Advanced Congress of Democrats | 11,325 | 0.04 | |
| Maina Maimuna Kyari | Northern People's Congress | 10,081 | 0.04 | |
| Victor Okhai | Providence Peoples Congress | 8,979 | 0.03 | |
| Chike Ukaegbu | Advanced Allied Party | 8,902 | 0.03 | |
| Oby Ezekwesili | Allied Congress Party of Nigeria | 7,223 | 0.03 | |
| Ibrahim Usman Alhaji | National Rescue Movement | 6,229 | 0.02 | |
| Ike Keke | New Nigeria People's Party | 6,111 | 0.02 | |
| Moses Ayibiowu | National Unity Party | 5,323 | 0.02 | |
| Awosola Williams Olusola | Democratic Peoples Congress | 5,242 | 0.02 | |
| Muhammed Usman Zaki | Labour Party | 5,074 | 0.02 | |
| Eke Samuel Chukwuma | Green Party of Nigeria | 4,924 | 0.02 | |
| Nwachukwu Chuks Nwabuikwu | All Grassroots Alliance | 4,689 | 0.02 | |
| Hamza al-Mustapha | Peoples Party of Nigeria | 4,622 | 0.02 | |
| Shipi Moses Godia | All Blended Party | 4,523 | 0.02 | |
| Chris Okotie | Fresh Democratic Party | 4,554 | 0.02 | |
| Tope Fasua | Abundant Nigeria Renewal Party | 4,340 | 0.02 | |
| Onwubuya | Freedom And Justice Party | 4,174 | 0.02 | |
| Asukwo Mendie Archibong | Nigeria For Democracy | 4,096 | 0.01 | |
| Ahmed Buhari | Sustainable National Party | 3,941 | 0.01 | |
| Salisu Yunusa Tanko | National Conscience Party | 3,799 | 0.01 | |
| Shittu Moshood Asiwaju | Alliance National Party | 3,586 | 0.01 | |
| Obinna Uchechukwu Ikeagwuonu | All People's Party | 3,585 | 0.01 | |
| Balogun Isiaka Ishola | United Democratic Party | 3,170 | 0.01 | |
| Obaje Yusufu Ameh | Advanced Nigeria Democratic Party | 3,104 | 0.01 | |
| Chief Umenwa Godwin | All Grand Alliance Party | 3,071 | 0.01 | |
| Israel Nonyerem Davidson, | Reform and Advancement Party | 2,972 | 0.01 | |
| Ukonga Frank | Democratic Alternative | 2,769 | 0.01 | |
| Santuraki Hamisu | Mega Party of Nigeria | 2,752 | 0.01 | |
| Funmilayo Adesanya-Davies | Mass Action Joint Alliance | 2,651 | 0.01 | |
| Gbenga Olawepo-Hashim | Peoples Trust | 2,613 | 0.01 | |
| Ali Soyode | Yes Electorates Solidarity | 2,394 | 0.01 | |
| Nsehe Nseobong | Restoration Party of Nigeria | 2,388 | 0.01 | |
| Ojinika Geff Chizee | Coalition for Change | 2,391 | 0.01 | |
| Rabia Yasai Hassan Cengiz | National Action Council | 2,279 | 0.01 | |
| Eunice Atuejide | National Interest Party | 2,248 | 0.01 | |
| Dara John | Alliance of Social Democrats | 2,146 | 0.01 | |
| Fagbenro-byron Samuel Adesina | Kowa Party | 1,911 | 0.01 | |
| Emmanuel Etim | Change Nigeria Party | 1,874 | 0.01 | |
| Chukwu-Eguzolugo Sunday Chikendu | Justice Must Prevail Party | 1,853 | 0.01 | |
| Madu Nnamdi Edozie | Independent Democrats | 1,845 | 0.01 | |
| Osuala Chukwudi John | Re-build Nigeria Party | 1,792 | 0.01 | |
| Albert Owuru Ambrose | Hope Democratic Party | 1,663 | 0.01 | |
| David Esosa Ize-Iyamu | Better Nigeria Progressive Party | 1,649 | 0.01 | |
| Inwa Ahmed Sakil | Unity Party of Nigeria | 1,631 | 0.01 | |
| Akpua Robinson | National Democratic Liberty Party | 1,588 | 0.01 | |
| Mark Emmanuel Audu | United Patriots | 1,561 | 0.01 | |
| Ishaka Paul Ofemile | Nigeria Elements Progressive Party | 1,524 | 0.01 | |
| Kriz David | Liberation Movement | 1,438 | 0.01 | |
| Ademola Babatunde Abidemi | Nigeria Community Movement Party | 1,378 | 0.01 | |
| A. Edosomwan Johnson | National Democratic Liberty Party | 1,192 | 0.00 | |
| Angela Johnson | Alliance for a United Nigeria | 1,092 | 0.00 | |
| Abah Lewis Elaigwu | Change Advocacy Party | 1,111 | 0.00 | |
| Nwangwu Uchenna Peter | We The People Nigeria | 732 | 0.00 | |
| Invalid/blank votes | 1,289,607 | – | ||
| Total | 28,614,190 | 100 | ||
| Registered voters/turnout | 82,344,107 | 34.75 | ||
| Source: Vanguard | ||||
Dangantakar Kirista da Musulmi gyara sashe
Shari’ar Musulunci ta shiga cikin zukatan gwamnatocin jihohin Najeriya da dama, musamman a yankin arewacin kasar.[34] Akwai adawa mai tsanani tsakanin Kirista da Musulmi a Najeriya, don haka gwamnati ta dauki wani salo na tsarin shari'a na Ingilishi da na Shari'ar Musulunci a yayin da ake tunkarar batutuwan da suka shafi shari'a domin gamsar da al'ummar kasar daban-daban.[8][34] Najeriya ce kasa mafi yawan al'ummar Kirista da Musulmi da ke zama tare a duniya.[35] An bullo da wadannan addinan guda biyu ne a Najeriya musamman a lokacin mulkin mallaka, kuma tun daga wannan lokacin, da yawa daga cikin al’ummar Afirka sun hade nasu addinan gargajiya da wadannan guda biyu da aka kafa. [35]
’yan siyasa da sauran masu fada a ji sun sha yin amfani da rikicin addini tsakanin Kirista da Musulmi a Najeriya wajen tayar da hankali da haifar da tsoro da hargitsi a tsakanin ‘yan Najeriya.[35] Wannan ya sa ‘yan kasar da dama ke tambayar dalilin da ya sa Najeriya ta ci gaba da zama kasa daya ta tarayya, kuma ta yiwu ta rabu a tsakanin Kirista da Musulmi.[35] Yankin Arewacin kasar dai ya kasance na Musulunci, yana da jihohi 12 da ke rayuwa a karkashin Shari'a, yayin da yankin Kudu galibi Kiristoci ne.[35] An yi yunƙuri da yawa daga Musulman Najeriya don ƙara ra'ayoyin Shari'a a cikin Kundin Tsarin Mulki wanda ya firgita yawan Kirista a cikin ƙasar.[35] Da yawa daga cikin Kiristoci sun dauki bullar Musulunci a Najeriya a matsayin hadari kuma hakan na iya haifar da karuwar ta'addanci da rashin zaman lafiya.[35] Wannan rikici yana barazana ga dorewar dimokuradiyyar Najeriya, tsarin cikin gida, da kungiyoyin farar hula, kuma da yawa daga cikin masana kimiyyar siyasa da shugabannin Najeriya na fatan mabiya addinan biyu za su iya yin wata tattaunawa ta lumana da fatan za ta daidaita bangarorin biyu.[35]
Ta'addanci a Najeriya gyara sashe
Babban barazanar ta'addanci a Najeriya shine na kungiyar Boko Haram, kuma ya zama ruwan dare gama gari a lokacin rani ta shekara ta 2009. [36] Boko Haram kungiya ce ta 'yan ta'adda masu kishin Islama masu tsatsauran ra'ayi daga yankin arewacin Najeriya. [36] Wannan kungiya ta kaddamar da hare-haren ta'addanci wadanda suka fi auna gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya, kungiyoyin addini wadanda ba musulmi ba, da kuma talakawan kasa. [36] Ana alakanta tashin hankali da karuwar illolin Boko Haram da rashin zaman lafiya da rashin kwanciyar hankali da kasar Najeriya ke fama da shi. [36] Suna jin haushin cin hanci da rashawa da kuma gazawar manufofin gwamnati na Najeriya, musamman talauci da rashin ci gaban arewacin Najeriya wanda galibi musulmi ne. [36] Rikicin Boko Haram a Najeriya ya yi matukar muni, sama da mutane 37,000 ne suka mutu sakamakon hare-haren ta'addancin da suka kai tun shekarar 2011, sannan sama da 'yan Najeriya 200,000 suka rasa muhallansu.[37] Kungiyar Boko Haram ce ke da alhakin sace daruruwan 'yan mata 'yan makaranta a shekarar 2014, lamarin da ya janyo yunkurin # BringBackOurGirls a fadin duniya.[37] Kungiyar ta'addanci ta zama wani bangare na ISIS a cikin shekara ta 2015, wanda ya jawo damuwa ga tsaro da zaman lafiyar Najeriya.[37] Manyan kasashen duniya da dama da suka hada da Amurka sun ba da gudunmawar kayan aikin soji don taimakawa yaki da Boko Haram saboda harkar mai na Najeriya na da muhimmanci ga tattalin arzikin duniya.[37] Gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya ta kaddamar da shirye-shirye da dabarun yaki da kungiyar Boko Horam saboda yawaitar su.[38] Haka kuma a baya-bayan nan an samu karuwar ’yan kasa da aka kirkira, musamman kungiyoyin matasa da ke daukar matakan kare kansu da al’ummominsu.[38] Duka ayyukan Boko Haram da kuma kokarin da gwamnati ke yi na yaki da ta'addanci ya haifar da matsalar 'yan gudun hijira a Najeriya.[38]
Membobin Commonwealth gyara sashe
Kasancewar Najeriya mamba a kungiyar Commonwealth ta Burtaniya ya fara ne a shekarar alif ta 1960 kuma an dakatar da ita a tsakanin shekarar alif ta 1995 zuwa shekarar alif ta 1999 lokacin da kasar ta zama kasa karkashin mulkin soja.[6] An dawo da ita a shekarar alif ta 1999 lokacin da aka kafa dimokuradiyya tare da tsarin mulkin shugaban kasa a jamhuriya ta hudu ta Najeriya, kuma ta kasance wani bangare na kungiyar Commonwealth har zuwa yau.[6] Sakatariyar Commonwealth na da burin taimakawa Najeriya gano da kuma dakile cin hanci da rashawa a cikin gwamnatin ta tarayya.[6] A shekara ta 2018, sun koyawa jami’an gwamnati da dama yadda za su yaki cin hanci da rashawa da kuma yin Allah wadai da cin hanci da rashawa a cikin al’umma.[6] Shigar da Sakatariyar ta yi a harkokin gwamnati da na kudi ya samar da kyakkyawan tsari na mu’amalar kayayyaki da ayyuka a Najeriya tare da rage cin hanci da rashawa.[6] Ya zuwa shekara ta 2017, kungiyar Commonwealth ta wadata Najeriya da manufofi da albarkatu don ficewar Birtaniya daga Tarayyar Turai tare da bayyana irin illar da za a iya yi ga kasashen Commonwealth da kasuwanci.[6] Sakatariyar Commonwealth ta taimaka wa Najeriya a fannin albarkatun kasa kamar man fetur da hakar ma'adinai.[6] Sun taimaka wajen yin shawarwari da samar da daidaiton ciniki.[6] Sakatariyar Commonwealth ta kuma baiwa Najeriya damar yin amfani da Ajandar Haɗin kai, wanda ke bai wa ƙasashen da ke ƙarƙashin Commonwealth damar sadarwa da musayar ra'ayoyi da manufofi don taimakawa juna ta fuskar tattalin arziki da cikin gida.[6]
Jihohin Najeriya gyara sashe
Najeriya tana da jihohi 36 da yanki 1. Sun hasda da : Babban Birnin Tarayya, Abia, Adamawa, Akwa Ibom, Anambra, Bauchi, Bayelsa, Benue, Borno, Cross River, Delta, Ebonyi, Edo, Ekiti, Enugu, Gombe, Imo, Jigawa, Kaduna, Kano, Katsina . Kebbi, Kogi, Kwara, Lagos, Nasarawa, Niger, Ogun, Ondo, Osun, Oyo, Plateau, Rivers, Sokoto, Taraba, Yobe, da kuma Zamfara.[39]
Kananan Hukumomi gyara sashe
Kowace jiha ta rarrabu zuwa kananan hukumomi (LGAs).[40] Wadannan jihohi da kananan hukumominsu na da matukar muhimmanci ga harkokin gwamnatin tarayya domin suna da tasiri a kan al’ummar kananan hukumomi don haka za su iya tantance bukatun mazabu da samar da manufofi ko ababen more rayuwa da za su taimaka. [41] Hakanan suna da mahimmanci saboda gwamnatin tarayya tana da lokaci da albarkatu don aiwatar da ayyukan kasa da na kasa da kasa yayin da kananan hukumomi za su iya kula da 'yan Najeriya 'yan asalin jihohinsu. [41] Batun raba madafun iko tsakanin jihohi da gwamnatin tarayya na taimakawa ayyukan Nijeriya. [41] Kananan hukumomi 774 ne ke sa ido kan tara harajin gida, ilimi, kula da lafiya, hanyoyi, sharar gida da tsare-tsare.[40] Karamar hukuma ce ke kula da al’amuran talakawa maza da mata a cikin al’ummar Najeriya. Ƙirƙirar sake fasalin ƙananan hukumomi ya fara ne a shekarar alif ta 1968, zuwa ta 1970 a lokacin mulkin soja amma ya kasance cikakke shekarar alit ta 1976.[42]
Yadda Gwamnatin Tarayya ta tafiyar da COVID-19 gyara sashe
A matsayinta na kasa mafi yawan jama'a a Afirka, cutar ta coronavirus ta yi kamari a fadin Najeriya.[43] Najeriya ta tabbatar da cewa za ta iya ganowa, ba da amsa, da kuma hana barkewar cutar ta COVID-19 a cikin wani da lokaci, mara kyau.[43] Najeriya ba ta da albarkatun da za ta gudanar da gwaje-gwajen da al'ummar kasar ke bukata don ci gaba da samun karuwar masu dauke da cutar a fadin jihar.[43] Har ila yau Najeriya ba ta da adadin da ake bukata na sauran albarkatu don yakar cutar kamar ma'aikatan asibiti, dakuna, da na'urorin iska.[43]
Martanin gwamnatin tarayya game da cutar ya kasance mai rauni sosai kuma ba shi da tasiri. Shugaba Buhari ya zartas da dokar kulle na zama a gida da dama, da dokar rufe fuska, da kuma hana tafiye-tafiye don rage yawan masu kamuwa da cutar a kasar.[43] Amma duk da haka, umarnin kullen, da ƙuntatawa na tafiye-tafiye sun haifar da mummunan tasirin ga tattalin arziki ga ɗimbin 'yan ƙasa waɗanda suka rasa ayyukansu da tushen samun kuɗi.[43] Dangane da haka, gwamnatin tarayya ta fitar da wasu tsare-tsare na bunkasa tattalin arziki don inganta muhimman bangarorin noma kamar noma da mai.[44] Gwamnati ta kuma zartas da matakan tallafin abinci da mika kudade don tallafawa wadanda ke fama da yunwa.[43] Har ila yau, sun himmatu wajen samar da kudade don samar da kudade daga masu ba da tallafi don tallafawa kasafin kudin tarayya da bangaren tattalin arziki.[43]
Sojojin Najeriya gyara sashe
Sojojin Najeriya sun taka muhimmiyar rawa a tarihin kasar, inda sukan kwace iko da kasar tare da mulkin kasar na tsawon lokaci. Wa’adin mulkin soja na karshe ya kare ne a shekarar alif ta 1999, bayan rasuwar shugaban mulkin sojan da ya gabata Sani Abacha a 1998.[45]
Ma'aikata masu aiki a cikin sojojin Najeriya uku sun kai kusan 76,000. Rundunar sojin Najeriya, wadda ita ce mafi girma a cikin ayyukan, tana da kimanin jami'ai 60,000, da aka tura a tsakanin runfunan sojoji biyu na injiniyoyi, da runduna guda daya (na iska da ta sama), da rundunar Garrison ta Legas (wani bangare mai girma), da kuma Abuja da ke Abuja wato Brigade of Guards.[46] Sojojin ruwa na Najeriya (7,000) suna da kayan aiki da jiragen ruwa, jirage masu saurin kai hari, kwale-kwale, da kwale-kwalen sintiri a bakin teku. Sojojin saman Najeriya (9,000) na jigilar sufuri, masu horarwa, jirage masu saukar ungulu, da jiragen yaki; sai dai a halin yanzu yawancin motocinsu ba sa aiki. Kwanan nan, Marshal na rundunar sojojin saman Najeriya, Sadique Abubakar, ya ba da shawarar sayen kayan aiki bayan jefar da motocin da ba sa aiki.[ana buƙatar hujja]
Alakar kasashen waje gyara sashe
A halin yanzu Najeriya tana da kyakkyawar hulda tsakaninta kasashen waje da makwabtanta, saboda tsarin dimokradiyyar da take ciki a halin yanzu. Memba ne na Tarayyar Afirka kuma yana zaune a kwamitin zaman lafiya da tsaro na kungiyar.[47]
Ministan harkokin waje na Najeriya na yanzu Geoffrey Jideofor Kwusike Onyeama.[13] Yawancin lamurran da suka shafi Najeriya a lokacin mulkin mallaka da kuma bayan samun yancin kai sun dogara ne kan hako mai.[13] Dangantakar Najeriya da makwabta na nahiyar Afirka da ma duniya baki daya ta samu ci gaba sosai tun bayan da ta sauya sheka daga mulkin soja zuwa dimokuradiyya.[13] Najeriya na fatan samun kujera ta dindindin a kwamitin sulhu na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya nan gaba kadan.[13]
Jarida gyara sashe
Gidan Rediyo da Talabijin a Najeriya mallakin gwamnati ne na Hukumar Yada Labarai ta Kasa.[13] Ana amfani da wannan a matsayin dabarar gwamnati don tabbatar da iko da kuma karkatar da ra'ayin jama'a don goyon bayan jam'iyya mai ci da manufofin su. Duk da haka, yawancin jaridun Najeriya masu zaman kansu ne kuma ba'a takaita amfani da intane ga jama'a ba.[13]
Duba kuma gyara sashe
Kara karantawa gyara sashe
- Karl Levan da Patrick Ukata (eds.). 2018. The Oxford Handbook of Nigerian Politics . Jami'ar Oxford Press.
Manazarta gyara sashe
- ↑ Tobi, Niki (1981). "Judicial Independence in Nigeria". International Law Practitioner. 6: 62.
- ↑ Herskovits, Jean (1979). "Democracy in Nigeria". Foreign Affairs. 58 (2): 314–335. doi:10.2307/20040417. ISSN 0015-7120. JSTOR 20040417.
- ↑ ago, Lydia Mosiana 11 months. "The Executive Arm of Government | Arms of Government". Nigerian Scholars. Retrieved 2022-02-20.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 "SOURCES AND CLASSIFICATION OF NIGERIAN LAW". Newswatch Times. Archived from the original on 2016-02-21. Retrieved 2016-02-23.
- ↑ "THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT SYSTEM IN NIGERIA" (PDF). Commonwealth Local Government Forum.
- ↑ 6.00 6.01 6.02 6.03 6.04 6.05 6.06 6.07 6.08 6.09 Hydrant (http://www.hydrant.co.uk) (2013-08-15). "Nigeria". The Commonwealth. Retrieved 2020-11-18.
- ↑ "GUIDE TO NIGERIAN LEGAL INFORMATION - GlobaLex". www.nyulawglobal.org. Retrieved 2021-05-21.
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 Ollennu, N. M. (1961). "The Influence of English Law on West Africa". Journal of African Law. 5(1): 21–35. doi:10.1017/S002185530000293X. ISSN 0021-8553. JSTOR 745094.
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 "Nigerian Legal System | Post-Independence Nigerian Government". Nigerian Scholars. Retrieved 2021-05-21.
- ↑ "Nigeria - Independent Nigeria". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 2021-05-21.
- ↑ Dunmoye, R. Ayo (1987). traditional leadership and political hegemony in Nigeria: past, present and future. department of political science, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria.
- ↑ 12.0 12.1 12.2 12.3 12.4 "Practical Law UK Signon". signon.thomsonreuters.com. Retrieved 2020-10-30.
- ↑ 13.00 13.01 13.02 13.03 13.04 13.05 13.06 13.07 13.08 13.09 13.10 13.11 13.12 13.13 "Government". Wildwap.com. Retrieved 2020-11-05.
- ↑ "Government Ministries in Nigeria". Commonwealth of Nations. Retrieved 2009-12-21.
- ↑ "Permanent Secretaries". Office of the Head of Service of the Federation. Archived from the original on 2010-08-10. Retrieved 2009-12-20.
- ↑ "BOARDS OF PARASTATALS". Office of the Head of Service of the Federation. Archived from the original on 2009-10-10. Retrieved 2009-12-21.
- ↑ PETER, Abraham; PETERSIDE, Zainab (2019). Ovwasa, Onovwakponoko (ed.). THE NATIONAL ASSEMBLY AND LAW – MAKING IN NIGERIA'S FOURTH REPUBLIC. Nigeria: Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, Federal Polytechnic Lokoja. ISBN 978-978-57027-8-1.
- ↑ "Checks and Balances Between the Branches of Government". Building Democracy for All. 2020.
- ↑ Little, William; Little, William (2014-11-06). Introduction to Sociology - 1st Canadian Edition. BCcampus.
- ↑ Omotoso, Femi; Oladeji, Olayide (2019). "Legislative Oversight in the Nigerian Fourth Republic". Advances in African Economic, Social and Political Development. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-11905-8_4.
- ↑ "Nigerian senator salary calculator: How do you compare?". BBC News. April 2018.
- ↑ Omotoso, Femi; Oladeji, Olayide (2019). "Legislative Oversight in the Nigerian Fourth Republic". Advances in African Economic, Social and Political Development. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-11905-8_4.
- ↑ "Court System in Nigeria". The Beehive by One Economy Corporation. Archived from the originalon February 25, 2013. Retrieved July 17, 2012.
- ↑ "Constitution". The National Judicial Council. Archived from the original on January 24, 2013. Retrieved July 17, 2012.
- ↑ SUBERU, ROTIMI (2017). "The Supreme Court of Nigeria". In ARONEY, NICHOLAS (ed.). The Supreme Court of Nigeria: An Embattled Judiciary More Centralist Than Federalist. University of Toronto Press. pp. 290–327. ISBN 9781487500627. JSTOR10.3138/j.ctt1whm97c.14.
- ↑ 26.0 26.1 Grove, David Lavan (1963). "The Sentinels of Liberty- The Nigerian Judiciary and Fundamental Rights". Journal of African Law. 7 (3): 152–171. doi:10.1017/S0021855300001996 – via HeinOnline.
- ↑ 27.0 27.1 27.2 27.3 27.4 "Democracy, Human Rights, and Governance | Nigeria | U.S. Agency for International Development". www.usaid.gov. 2016-10-04. Retrieved 2020-10-28.
- ↑ "Nigeria : Climate of permanent violence | Reporters without borders". RSF. Retrieved 2020-11-16.
- ↑ 29.0 29.1 "Africa | Global Slavery Index". www.globalslaveryindex.org. Retrieved 2020-11-16
- ↑ 30.00 30.01 30.02 30.03 30.04 30.05 30.06 30.07 30.08 30.09 30.10 30.11 30.12 30.13 30.14 30.15 30.16 30.17 30.18 30.19 30.20 30.21 "Nigeria". Freedom House. Retrieved 2020-11-17.
- ↑ 31.00 31.01 31.02 31.03 31.04 31.05 31.06 31.07 31.08 31.09 "The Role of Political Parties in Nigeria's Fledgling Democracy" (PDF). International Republic Institute. 2020.
- ↑ "Political Parties – INEC Nigeria". www.inecnigeria.org. Retrieved 2020-10-28.
- ↑ 33.0 33.1 Goitom, Hanibal (May 2015). "Nigeria: Election Laws | Law Library of Congress". www.loc.gov.
- ↑ 34.0 34.1 Oladoyinbo, Vincent (2019). "Wiki Express". Wiki Express.
- ↑ 35.0 35.1 35.2 35.3 35.4 35.5 35.6 35.7 Akinade, Akintunde E. (2002). "The Precarious Agenda: Christian-Muslim Relations in Contemporary Nigeria" (PDF). Hartford Seminary.
- ↑ 36.0 36.1 36.2 36.3 36.4 Uzodike, Ufo Okeke; Maiangwa, Benjamin (2012-01-01). "Boko Haram terrorism in Nigeria : causal factors and central problematic". African Renaissance. 9 (1): 91–118.
- ↑ 37.0 37.1 37.2 37.3 "Boko Haram in Nigeria". Global Conflict Tracker. Retrieved 2020-11-17.
- ↑ 38.0 38.1 38.2 Harjani, Manoj (2013). "Nigeria's Fight against Boko Haram". Counter Terrorist Trends and Analyses. 5 (7): 12–15. ISSN 2382-6444. JSTOR 26351166.
- ↑ "Nigerian States". www.worldstatesmen.org. Retrieved 2022-02-24.
- ↑ 40.0 40.1 "THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT SYSTEM IN NIGERIA" (PDF). Commonwealth Local Government Forum.
- ↑ 41.0 41.1 41.2 Okudulo, Ikemefuna Paul Taire; Onah, Emmanuel Ikechi (2019). "Efficient Local Governments and the Stability of Federalism in Nigeria". African Renaissance: 11–25 – via ProQuest.
- ↑ Isah, Mohammed Abbas (2000). state, Class and management of local Government in Nigeria.
- ↑ 43.0 43.1 43.2 43.3 43.4 43.5 43.6 43.7 Onwujekwe, Siddharth Dixit, Yewande Kofoworola Ogundeji, and Obinna (2020-07-02). "How well has Nigeria responded to COVID-19?". Brookings. Retrieved 2020-11-12.
- ↑ Ukpe, William (2020-11-07). "Covid-19: N3.5 trillion disbursed as stimulus package for the Nigerian economy". Nairametrics. Retrieved 2020-11-12.
- ↑ "Nigeria - Military regimes, 1983–99". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 2021-05-31.
- ↑ "SearchNigeria - Businesses and Opportunities in Nigeria - About Nigeria". kogi.imo.zamfara.kano.abuja.searchnigeria.com.ng. Retrieved 2021-05-31.
- ↑ Kodjo, Tchioffo. "Composition of the PSC - African Union - Peace and Security Department". African Union,Peace and Security Department. Retrieved 2021-10-01.