Shari'a
Sharia, shashe ne na dokokin addinin Musulunci wanda ke tafiyar da al'adun rayuwar musulmai. Kalmar ta samo asali ne daga hukunce-hukuncen addinin Musulunci, musamman Alkur'ani da hadisi.[1] A cikin harshen Larabci, kalmar shari'ah tana nufin "dokokin da Allah madauwama wanda ya gindaya kuma basu canzuwa kuma ya bambanta da fiqh, wanda ke nufin maganganun magabata akan harkokin ɗan adam na yau da kullum. A tarihi , anyi amfani da wasu sassa na fiqhu wajen gindaya dokoki na rayuwar al'umma da gwanatin jihohi na al'umma da suka yadda da bin ainihin tafarkin shiriya na musulunci da (Hukunce-hukunce ko Fatawaowi) na shari'a da dokoki, amma Shari'a ba kasafai ta ke zama tsarin mulki ba na gaba ɗaya. Ana kuma amfani da kalmar a matsayin Shari'ar Musulunci tun daga zamain halifancin Umar Ibn Al-Khattab da kuma Halifancin Umayyad.
 Shari'a | |
|---|---|
legal order (en)  , academic discipline (en) da form of government (en) | |
| Bayanai | |
| Ƙaramin ɓangare na |
religious law (en) da Doka |
| Gudanarwan |
qadi (en) da Islamic jurist (en) |
Karatun gargajiya na fikihun musulunci na bin hanyoyin sharia guda hudu: Alqur’ani, sunnah (sahihan hadisi), kimantawa (dalilai daga misalan magabata), da ijma (yarjejeniyar malamai). Makarantu daban-daban na shari'a - waɗanda suka fi shahara sune Hanafi, Maliki, Shafi'i, Hanbali da Jafari - sun bi hanyoyin hikima wajen samar da hukunce-hukuncen sharia daga nazarin rubutattun dokoki ta hanyar amfani da kuma wata tsarin da aka sani da ijitihadi. Hukunci al'ada ta (fiqh) ta gabatar da manyan hukunce hukuncen shari'a guda biyu, ʿibādāt (bauta) da muʿāmalāt (alaƙa ta zamantakewa), waɗanda a tare ke kunshe da darussa da yawa. Hukunce-hukuncensa suna da alaƙa da matsayin ɗabi'a gwargwadon ka'idodi na doka, [8] [9] sanya ayyukan zuwa ɗayan rukuni biyar: na wajibi, shawarar, tsaka tsaki, ƙiyayya, da haramun. Don haka, wasu wuraren sharia sun hade da masaniyar Yammacin Turai yayin da wasu suka fi dacewa da rayuwar rayuwa daidai da nufin Allah.
Manazarta gyara sashe
- ↑ Bassiouni, M. Cherif (2014) [2013]. "The Sharīa, Islamic Law (Fiqh), and Legal Methods (Ilm Uṣūl al-Fiqh)". In Bassiouni, M. Cherif (ed.). The Shari'a and Islamic Criminal Justice in Time of War and Peace. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 18–87. doi:10.1017/CBO9781139629249.003. ISBN 9781139629249. LCCN 2013019592. Archived from the original on 17 October 2021. Retrieved 17 October 2021.