Jamhuriyar tarayya tarayya ce ta jihohi mai tsarin gwamnatin jamhuriya. A tsakiyarta, ainihin ma’anar kalmar jamhuriya idan aka yi amfani da ita wajen yin nuni ga wani tsari na gwamnati, na nufin: “Ƙasar da zaɓaɓɓun wakilai da zaɓaɓɓen shugaba ne ke mulkarta (kamar shugaban ƙasa) maimakon wani sarki ko sarauniya”.

A jamhuriya ta tarayya, ana samun rabon madafun iko tsakanin gwamnatin tarayya da gwamnatin kowane yanki. Yayin da kowace jamhuriya ta tarayya ke tafiyar da wannan rabon muƙamai ta hanyoyi daban-daban, al’amuran gama-gari da suka shafi tsaro da kariya, da kuma tsarin kuɗi ana gudanar da su ne a matakin tarayya, yayin da al’amura kamar su kula da infrastructure da policies na ilimi galibi ana gudanar da su ne a matakin yanki ko na ƙananan hukumomi. Duk da haka, ra’ayoyi sun banbanta kan batutuwan da ya kamata su zama na tarayya, kuma sassan yanki yawanci suna da iko a wasu al’amuran da gwamnatin tarayya ba ta da hurumi. Ta haka ne ake fitar da maa'anar jamhuriya ta tarayya ta saɓanin jumhuriya guda, inda gwamnatin tsakiya ke da cikakken ikon mallakar kowane fanni na rayuwar siyasa. Wannan tsarin da ya fi karkata ya taimaka wajen bayyana ra'ayin kasashe masu yawan al'umma suyi aiki a matsayin jumhuriyar tarayya. [1] Yawancin jumhuriyar tarayya sun tsara rarrabuwar madafun iko tsakanin umarnin gwamnati a cikin rubutaccen takardar tsarin mulki .

Bambance-bambancen siyasa tsakanin jamhuriyar tarayya da sauran jihohin tarayya, musamman masarautun tarayya ƙarƙashin parliamentary system na gwamnati, mafi akasari lamari ne da ya shafi tsarin doka maimakon siyasa, domin galibin jihohin tarayya na tsarin dimokuraɗiyya ne idan ba a aikace ba tare checks and balances . Duk da haka kuma wasu tarayyar masarautu, irin su Haɗaɗɗiyar Daular Larabawa sun dogara ne akan wasu ƙa'idoji da ba na dimokuraɗiyya ba.

Na zamani

gyara sashe
Country Official name and style Administrative divisions Form of government Head of state
  Argentina Argentine Republic Provinces (23) and autonomous city (1) Presidential system Alberto Fernández
  Austriya Republic of Austria States (9) Parliamentary republic Alexander Van der Bellen
  Herzegovina Bosnia and Herzegovina Entities (2) and self-governing district (1) Parliamentary republic Christian Schmidt

Milorad Dodik

Šefik Džaferović

Željko Komšić
  Brazil Federative Republic of Brazil States (26) and federal district (1) Presidential system Jair Bolsonaro
  Komoros Union of the Comoros Autonomous islands (3) Presidential system Azali Assoumani
  Habasha Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia Regions (10) and chartered cities (2) Parliamentary republic Sahle-Work Zewde
  Jamus Federal Republic of Germany States (16) Parliamentary republic Frank-Walter Steinmeier
  India Republic of India States (28) and union territories (8) Parliamentary republic Ram Nath Kovind
  Iraq Republic of Iraq Governorates (19) Parliamentary republic Barham Salih
  Mexico United Mexican States States (31) and autonomous entity (1) Presidential system Andrés Manuel López Obrador
  Mikroneziya Federated States of Micronesia States (4) Presidential system David W. Panuelo
  Nepal Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal Provinces (7) Parliamentary republic Bidhya Devi Bhandari
  Nigeria Federal Republic of Nigeria States (36) and federal territory (1) Presidential system Muhammadu Buhari
  Pakistan Islamic Republic of Pakistan Provinces (4), autonomous territories (2) and federal territory (1) Parliamentary republic Arif Alvi
  Rasha Russian Federation Federal subjects (85) Semi-presidential system Vladimir Putin
  Somaliya Federal Republic of Somalia Federal member states (5) Parliamentary republic Mohamed Abdullahi Mohamed (acting)
  Sudan ta Kudu Republic of South Sudan States (10), administrative areas (2) and area with special administrative status (1) Presidential system Salva Kiir Mayardit
  Sudan Republic of the Sudan States (18) Provisional government Abdel Fattah al-Burhan
  Switzerland Swiss Confederation Cantons (26) Parliamentary republic Guy Parmelin

Ignazio Cassis

Ueli Maurer

Simonetta Sommaruga

Alain Berset

Karin Keller-Sutter

Viola Amherd
  United States United States of America States (50), federal district (1) and territories (14), nine of which are uninhabited. Presidential system Joe Biden
  Venezuela Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela States (23) and capital district (1) Presidential system Nicolás Maduro

Na tarihi

gyara sashe
Ƙasa Sunan hukuma da salo Zaman tsarin gwamnatin tarayya sassan gudanarwa
  Dutch Republic (en)  </img>  Dutch Republic (en)   Jamhuriyar Bakwai United Netherlands 1581-1795 Larduna
</img> Valais Jamhuriyar Zakkar Bakwai 1613-1798
  Gran Colombia (en)  </img>  Gran Colombia (en)   Jamhuriyar Colombia 1819-1831
</img> Tarayyar Amurka ta tsakiya Tarayyar Amurka ta tsakiya 1823-1838
</img> Granadine Confederation Granadine Confederation 1858-1863
</img> Amurka ta Colombia Amurka ta Colombia 1863-1886 Jihohi
</img> Jamhuriyar China Jamhuriyar China 1912-1928 Larduna
</img> Jamhuriyar tsaunuka na Arewacin Caucasus Jamhuriyar tsaunuka na Arewacin Caucasus 1917-1922 Jamhuriya
  German Reich (en)  </img>  German Reich (en)   Jamus Reich 1919-1933 Jihohi
  German Democratic Republic (en)  </img>  German Democratic Republic (en)   Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Jamus 1949-1952 Jihohi
Samfuri:Country data USSR</img>Samfuri:Country data USSR [lower-alpha 1] Tarayyar Soviet Socialist Jamhuriyar 1922-1991 Jamhuriya
{{country data Yugoslavia}}</img>{{country data Yugoslavia}} Jamhuriyar Jama'ar Tarayyar Yugoslavia (1945-1963)



</br> Jamhuriyyar gurguzu ta Yugoslavia (1963-1992)
1945-1992 Jamhuriya
  Serbia and Montenegro (en)  </img>  Serbia and Montenegro (en)   Tarayyar Yugoslavia 1992-2003 Jamhuriyoyin da suka kunshi
Samfuri:Country data Burma</img>Samfuri:Country data Burma Tarayyar Burma 1948-1962 Jihohi
  Indonesiya</img>  Indonesiya Jamhuriyar Amurka ta Indonesiya 1949-1950 [lower-alpha 2] Jihohi
  Kameru</img>  Kameru Jamhuriyar Kamaru 1961-1972
{{country data Czechoslovak Socialist Republic}}</img>{{country data Czechoslovak Socialist Republic}} [2] Jamhuriyar Czech (1948-1960)



</br> Jamhuriyar Socialist Czechoslovak (1960-1990)
1969-1990 Jamhuriya
</img> Jamhuriyar Czech da Slovak Jamhuriyar Czech da Slovak 1990-1992 Jamhuriyar 1990) 1969-1990 Jamhuriya
</img> Yaren mutanen Poland-Lithuanian Commonwealth Serenissima Res Publica Poloniae 1569-1795 Larduna da Voivodeships

Kuma duba

gyara sashe

Manazarta

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  1. Forum of Federations:[1], Schram, Sanford. Handbook of Federal Countries: United States, pg 373–391, 2005.
  2. Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named CIA1991

Samfuri:Notes


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