Mario Oriani-Ambrosini
Mario Gaspare R. Oriani-Ambrosini (26 Oktoba 1960 - 16 Agusta 2014) lauya ne na tsarin mulki na Italiya kuma ɗan siyasa wanda ya kasance memba na majalisar dokoki a Afirka ta Kudu tare da Inkatha Freedom Party .
Mario Oriani-Ambrosini | |||
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21 Mayu 2014 - 16 ga Augusta, 2014 | |||
Rayuwa | |||
Haihuwa | Roma, 26 Oktoba 1960 | ||
ƙasa | Afirka ta kudu | ||
Mutuwa | Afirka ta kudu, 16 ga Augusta, 2014 | ||
Yanayin mutuwa | Sababi na ainihi (Sankara) | ||
Karatu | |||
Makaranta |
Sapienza University of Rome (en) Jami'ar Harvard Georgetown University Law Center (en) | ||
Harsuna | Turanci | ||
Sana'a | |||
Sana'a | ɗan siyasa | ||
Employers | Sapienza University of Rome (en) | ||
Kyaututtuka | |||
Imani | |||
Jam'iyar siyasa | Inkatha Freedom Party (en) |
MarioRayuwar farko
gyara sasheAn haifi Oriani-Ambrosini a Roma a shekara ta 1960. Shi ɗan Jami'ar Columbia ne wanda ya horar da farfesa a tsarin mulki kuma lauya na ƙasa Raffaele Oriani, wanda ya mutu a 1971, yana da shekaru 39.
Sai kakansa Gaspare Ambrosini ya karbe shi kuma ya rene shi, uban kafa dan kasar Italiya, masanin shari'a kuma dan kasa, wanda ya shugabanci Kotun Tsarin Mulki ta Italiya. Ilimin Oriani-Ambrosini ya sami tasiri ga kakanninsa, Vittorio Ambrosini wanda ya kafa arditi na Italiya, da Antonio Ambrosini, [1] wani farfesa na shari'a na duniya da aka lasafta a matsayin mai tsara Yarjejeniyar Warsaw . A bangaren uba, yana da alaƙa da Alfredo Oriani, ɗan gaba wanda ya shiga falsafar Friedrich Nietzsche .
Ko da yake uban riƙonsa shi ne shugaban Democrazia Cristiana, Oriani-Ambrosini ya yi amfani da gwagwarmayar siyasa na matasa a karkashin reshe na Marco Pannella, jagoran Italiyanci mai tsattsauran ra'ayi, mai ra'ayin muhalli da kuma 'yanci. Oriani-Ambrosini ya ci gaba da kasancewa tare da ita kuma memba ne na Babban Majalisarta.
Oriani-Ambrosini ya halarci Jami'ar Sapienza ta Rome, Jami'ar Harvard da Cibiyar Shari'a ta Jami'ar Georgetown . A cikin shekaru uku a Jami'ar Rome, ya taimaka wa tsohon Shugaban Kotun Tsarin Mulki na Italiya, Farfesa Francesco Paolo Bonifacio, tare da karawa juna sani game da adalci na tsarin mulki. Ya gudanar da bincike a karkashin jagorancin Sakataren Majalisar Italiya, Guglielmo Negri, ga Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche da Majalisar Wakilai ta Italiya game da tsarin muhalli na Amurka da Dokar Muhalli ta Kasa don tallafawa rubuta wani EEC. bayar da umarni da tantance dacewarta da tsarin tsarin mulkin Italiya. [2] Oriani-Ambrosini ya kuma taimaka wa Farfesa Nicola Greco wajen gudanar da tarukan karawa juna sani da suka mayar da hankali kan dokar kasuwanci ta jama'a a jami'ar Universita'di Pisa . Tun yana ɗan shekara 17, Oriani-Ambrosini ya yi aiki a kamfanin lauyoyin iyali yana shirya rubutaccen taƙaitaccen bayani da muhawara.
Bayan samun nasarar malanta na Fulbright, Oriani-Ambrosini ya koma Amurka don ƙware a cikin dokokin tsarin mulki da dokokin kuɗi da kasuwanci na duniya. A cikin 1986, ya zama na hannun daman farfesa a fannin shari'a na Jami'ar Rutgers, Albert Blaustein, mai ba da shawara kan tsarin mulkin kasa da kasa wanda ya shiga cikin rubuta fiye da 30 tsarin mulki a duniya.
Ya taimaka wa Blaustein a wani taron karawa juna sani kan tsara tsarin mulki kuma ya zama Mataimakin Shugaban Gidauniyar Philadelphia da kuma Majalisar Dinkin Duniya mai ba da shawara kan kare hakkin dan Adam ta kasa da kasa, wacce Blaustein ke jagoranta. Ya tsunduma cikin tattaunawar tsarin mulki, lobbying, da kuma shari'ar amfanin jama'a game da Nicaragua (dokar zabe), Tarayyar Rasha (shirya daftarin tsarin mulki na farko), Kanada (matsayin kabilun Indiya a cikin kundin tsarin mulkin kasa da kuma kundin tsarin mulkin kabilu)., Uganda, Fiji (tsara tsarin mulki), Romania (wakiltar Alliancia Civica), Poland, Rom Nation, Italiya (rahotanni na tsarin mulki), Moluccan Nation (Gwamnati a gudun hijira), Macedonia (mai wakiltar VMRO), Cuba (Gwamnatin inuwa), Tibet (Gwamnatin da ke gudun hijira), Jihar Humania ta ba da shawara, Seychelles (mai ba da shawara ga tsarin mulki ga Sir James Mancham ) da Zaire (Mai ba da shawara ga Paramount Chief Logotongo III). Har ila yau, ya kasance mai ba da shawara kan harkokin shari'a ga Rehoboth Basters na Namibiya game da ikirarin filaye da 'yancin cin gashin kai na yanki, da kuma cibiyoyin al'adun Afrikaner da aka sani da "Cultura 2000" a farkon ƙalubalen da doka ta kafa, da kuma ƙalubalen don matsakaiciyar koyarwa guda ɗaya. Oriani-Ambrosini ya kuma yi hadin gwiwa a kan kiyaye kundin kundin kundin tsarin mulki na 60+ na Blaunstein na "Tsarin Tsarin Mulki na Duniya", da "Tsarin Dokokin Dogara da Yankuna".
Lauya
gyara sasheKodayake aikinsa ya kasance siyasa da dokar tsarin mulki, Oriani-Ambrosini ya yi rayuwarsa a matsayin lauyan kasuwanci kuma ɗan kasuwa. Ba da daɗewa ba bayan ya isa Washington, DC, ya zama "mai ba da shawara" a cikin ƙaramin amma na musamman na doka na kasa da kasa na Hanna, Gaspar & Birkel, wanda ke hulɗar kasuwanci da hada-hadar kuɗi na duniya, ciki har da ƙimar riba mai daidaitawa, shawarwari na kamfanoni da kwangila, shari'ar jama'a. a cikin al'amuran kasuwanci da azabtarwa .
Ya fara abokantaka na rayuwa tare da dan kasuwa Peter J. Knop kuma ya zama Babban Mashawarci na Kungiyar Washington DC Knop sannan ya kunshi TFI, SWPP Development Corp., Agricycle, Inc. da Avenir Corp. Ya yi aiki a matsayin manajan darakta na SWPP da Acrycle., mu'amala da jari-hujja da gudanar da zuba jari, ba da shawarwari kan tsarin kamfanoni, da kuma sake yin amfani da sharar gida da kasuwancin noma a cikin wani tsari mai inganci. muhallin da aka tsara da kuma shari'a. Tare da Knop ya ƙirƙiri dala miliyan 10 a kowace shekara kasuwanci wanda ke da hannu a lobbying, ƙara da dangantakar gwamnati.
Siyasa
gyara sasheA cikin 1991 ya fara abin da zai zama dangantaka mai canza rayuwa tare da Yarima Mangosuthu Buthelezi . A cikin Disamba 1990, ya zama mai ba da shawara kan shari'a na Jam'iyyar Inkatha Freedom Party a bude CODESA, shawarwarin tsarin mulkin Afirka ta Kudu na tsawon shekaru biyu daga wariyar launin fata zuwa dimokiradiyya. A watan Yunin 1992, ya zauna da Buthelezi a taron kwamitin sulhu na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a taron da Nelson Mandela ya kira don ciyar da sauye sauyen demokradiyya. A watan Nuwamba 1992 ya tsara kundin tsarin mulkin KwaZulu/Natal wanda Majalisar Dokoki ta KwaZulu ta amince da ita a matsayin kundin tsarin mulkin kasa memba na tarayya da za a kafa a cikin tsarin tattaunawar kasa. Wannan shi ne cikakken daftarin kundin tsarin mulki na farko ko shawara a cikin tsarin samar da kundin tsarin mulkin Afirka ta Kudu kuma a cikin wannan tsari, ya taimaka wajen ci gaba da 'yancin walwala kamar zubar da ciki, 'yancin ɗan luwaɗi da kuma hana hukuncin kisa, da kuma haƙƙin ɗan adam na ƙarni na biyu da na uku. wanda har zuwa wannan lokacin ba sa cikin jawabin tsarin mulkin Afirka ta Kudu.
Shekaru uku Oriani-Ambrosini ya yi aiki na cikakken lokaci a matsayin babban mai shiga tsakani na tsarin mulki na IFP da tsohuwar gwamnatin KwaZulu, kuma ya shiga cikin dukkan matakai da matakan tattaunawar tun daga farkonsa har zuwa karshen tattaunawar kafin zaben, gami da gaba daya. rubuta kundin tsarin mulkin wucin gadi na 1994. Ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a kokarin sasantawa na kasa da kasa karkashin jagorancin Henry Kissinger da Lord Carrington da kuma shawarwarin Yarjejeniyar sulhu da zaman lafiya wanda ya ba da damar zaben dimokiradiyya mai cikakken iko a 1994. da kuma kammala tsarin mulkin Afirka ta Kudu.
Bayan zaben dimokuradiyya na farko a Afirka ta Kudu, Buthelezi ya zama ministan harkokin cikin gida na Afirka ta Kudu kuma jagoran 'yan tsiraru a gwamnatin Mandela ta hadin kan kasa . Daga nan aka nada Oriani-Ambrosini a matsayin mai baiwa Buthelezi shawara tilo a majalisar ministoci. Ya rike wannan matsayi na tsawon shekaru 10, inda ya ba da shawarwari ga dukkan batutuwa a gaban Majalisar Ministoci da na Majalisar Dokoki, ciki har da tattaunawa da rubuta kundin tsarin mulkin kasa na karshe, da amincewa da daruruwan sauye-sauyen dokoki da takardun manufofin da ke canza kusan dukkanin bangarorin gwamnati da na jama'a. . Ya tsara fina-finai da dokokin bugawa, dokokin gyara zama ɗan ƙasa, haɗin gwiwar rayuwar ɗan luwadi da ƙa'idodin ƙungiyar al'ada da sauran gyare-gyare waɗanda ke ɗaukar ƴancin kai.
Oriani-Ambrosini an yarda da shi a matsayin babban, idan ba shi kaɗai ba, mai tsara tsarin sake fasalin shige da fice na Afirka ta Kudu daga 1996 zuwa 2004. Buthelezi ne ya nada shi a matsayin memba na kwamitin da ke tsara sabuwar manufar shige da fice ta Afirka ta Kudu inda ya zama mai tsara manufofin da sabuwar doka. Shi ne kuma ke da alhakin tafiyar da dokar ta hanyar NEDLAC da Majalisar Dokoki, yana aiki a matsayin mai magana da yawun Ministoci a cikin wannan tsari mai yawan rigima. Sannan ya tsara ka'idojin shige da fice na wucin gadi kuma ya gwada tsarin shawarwari na gaba don ƙa'idodi na ƙarshe. [3]
A cikin harkokin cikin gida, ya shawarci Ministan game da duk al'amuran siyasa da kuma kula da sashen 7000 tare da mutum a lokacin mulkin Darakta-Janar guda shida. [4] Ya kasance mai himma sosai wajen tsara tsarin rijistar yawan jama'a na duniya da na yatsa ("HANIS") da katin shaida na kasa mai alaka da shi, da kuma sake fasalin sassan sassan da ya shafi isar da al'amuran jama'a ga kananan hukumomi da kuma dukkan bangarori na manufofi da dokokin sashen. . Oriani-Ambrosini ya inganta hadin gwiwar tsaro na farko tsakanin ma'aikatarsa da tsaron Amurka tare da yin shawarwari tare da Ostiraliya kan harkokin 'yan gudun hijira.
A cikin shekaru goma da ya yi a gwamnatin Afirka ta Kudu, Oriani-Ambrosini bai tsaya kan harkokin cikin gida kawai ba. A wannan lokacin ya shawarci lardin KwaZulu Natal, ciki har da yin shawarwari da rubuta kundin tsarin mulkin lardin KwaZulu Natal na 1996, da wasu dokoki da majalisar dokokin lardin ta amince da su da kuma wasu kararrakin tsarin mulkin lardin. Tare da Darakta Janar R. Sizani, ya jagoranci aiwatar da doka da gudanar da ayyukan KwaZulu Natal na saba wa tarihi na shugaban kasa Thabo Mbeki ya nuna cewa ba za a ba da magungunan ceton rai ba a cikin tsarin jama'a don hana kamuwa da cutar kanjamau daga uwa zuwa jariri. -AIDS. Ya kuma shawarci gamayyar shugabannin gargajiya da kungiyoyin farko na shugabannin gargajiya da kuma shiga cikin dukkan manyan ayyuka na gudanarwa da tsara manufofi na IFP, ciki har da sake tsara mafi yawan kundin tsarin mulkin jam’iyyar da goyon bayan duk wani taron shekara-shekara na jam’iyyar IFP. A cikin wannan lokacin, Oriani-Ambrosini ya halarci babban matakin da tafiye-tafiye na Jiha zuwa Jamus, Kanada, Rasha, Burtaniya, Isra'ila, Maroko, Italiya, Taiwan, Indonesia, Australia, Belgium, Austria, Netherlands, Amurka, Portugal., Faransa da Bulgaria, kuma ya kasance memba na tawagar gwamnatin Afirka ta Kudu a manyan tarukan Majalisar Dinkin Duniya guda uku da kuma ziyara da tarukan kasa da kasa da dama.
Oriani-Ambrosini ya kuma ba da umarni, gudanarwa da/ko injiniya fiye da manyan shari'o'in tsarin mulki 45 da manyan kararrakin farar hula a madadin IFP, Gwamnatin KwaZulu Natal da Sashen Harkokin Cikin Gida.
Oriani-Ambrosini ya bar Gwamnatin Afirka ta Kudu a cikin Mayu 2004 don sake buɗe ofishinsa na Washington, DC kuma ya kafa Ambrosini & Associates mai ba da shawara kan doka da kasuwanci. Ya kafa kamfanin Promethea Corporation, wani kamfani mai taimakon jama'a wanda ya kera amintattun dafaffen kananzir a Vietnam kuma ya rarraba su a Afirka don maye gurbin nau'ikan marasa aminci da miliyoyin mutane ke amfani da su. Oriani-Ambrosini ya ci gaba da ba wa Buthelezi shawara kan harkokin siyasa da na hukumomi a China, Vietnam, Turai da Afirka ta Kudu, yayin da yake mai da hankali kan sake gina ayyukansa na shari'a da kafa harkokin kasuwanci. A wannan lokacin, ya tsara kundin tsarin mulkin KwaZulu Natal na 2005 na IFP, da Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Buthelezi don raba ofisoshin shugaban kasa da shugaban gwamnati da wasu takaddun manufofi da dama. Har ila yau, ya halarci taron majalisar dokokin duniya karo na 4 kan Tibet, ya kuma ba da umarnin gudanar da shari'ar tsarin mulkin kasar cikin nasara.
Ya zama memba na Majalisar Dokokin Afirka ta Kudu a watan Mayun 2009 inda ya yi aiki a kan kwamitocin kasuwanci da masana'antu, Kamfanonin Jama'a, Ci gaban Tattalin Arziki, Tsarin Shari'a da Tsarin Tsarin Mulki, Kudi da Dokoki, Kudiddigar Membobi masu zaman kansu da hadin gwiwar sake duba tsarin mulki. Kwamitoci.
Oriani-Ambrosini ya kawo wa Majalisar Afirka ta Kudu ruhi da tsarin tsattsauran ra'ayin dimokaradiyya. Ya shirya tare da aiwatar da kisan gilla na farko a tarihin majalisar dokokin Afirka ta Kudu, wanda ya tilasta jinkirin watanni hudu wajen zartar da doka mai cike da cece-kuce na Kariyar Bayanan Jihohi - dokar sirrin Afirka ta Kudu. Ya kalubalanci kundin tsarin mulki na dokokin majalisa a shari'ar da aka shafe shekaru uku ana yi a shari'a da dama wanda ya kai ga wani gagarumin hukunci da kotun tsarin mulkin kasar ta yanke wanda ya bayyana rashin bin kundin tsarin mulkin kasar wanda ya hana dan majalisa guda gabatar da doka. Ya shiga tsakani a matsayin amicus curiae a cikin shari'ar tsarin mulki wanda ya hana tsawaita wa'adin ofishin Alkalin Alkalai [5] da kuma shari'ar da ke tantance ma'aunin 'yancin fadin albarkacin baki da aka amince da shi a majalisar. Ya kuma yi amfani da kayan aiki na neman shugaban kasa da kada ya sanya dokar mayar da ita majalisar bisa dalilan tsarin mulki, wanda shugaban ya yi tare da mutunta kudurin dokar gyara dukiyoyin al’umma da ake cece-kuce a kai wanda zai fita daga cikin al’amuran al’umma na al’adun gargajiya da na gargajiya. [5]
Oriani-Ambrosini ya kasance daya daga cikin mambobi shida da suka kafa kuma darekta na Cibiyar Majalisar Dokokin Afirka ta Kudu (PISA) wani taron majalisar dokoki na ketare haraji, wanda ke ba da damar tattaunawa mai ma'ana tsakanin ma'aikata da tsoffin 'yan majalisa, shugabannin masana'antu, masu ra'ayi., shugabannin kungiyoyin farar hula, malamai da jami'an diflomasiyya. [6]
Oriani-Ambrosini wani bangare ne na INPaT, (Cibiyar Sadarwar Tibet ta kasa da kasa) wata kungiya ce da aka kafa kuma aka ba da umarni a taron Majalisar Dokokin Duniya kan Tibet. Ya ziyarci sansanonin Tibet da ke Indiya, kuma ya kasance mai fafutukar kare hakkin bil Adama a Tibet, inda ya sha kalubalanci gwamnatin kasar Sin a bainar jama'a da ta ba da damar kwamitin bincike na majalisar kasa da kasa ya samu shiga Tibet ba tare da wata matsala ba. Ya jagoranci nasarar da shugaban jam'iyyarsa ya yi a kan jam'iyyar ANC, wanda ya gano cewa gwamnatin Afirka ta Kudu ta yi ta hana Dalai Lama bizar shiga kasar a lokuta da dama.
Oriani-Ambrosini ya buga sosai kan al'amuran tattalin arziki da kudi, yana ba da shawarar samfurin 'yanci don tabbatar da al'umma mai adalci da gaskiya. Tunaninsa, wanda ya bayyana a cikin littafinsa na Libertarian Manifesto, ya amince da rawar da jihar ke takawa wajen samar da damammaki kyauta ga kowa da kowa kamar ilimi, kiwon lafiya da taimakon al'umma, amma ya nuna cewa ya kamata jihar ta yi aiki ko kuma ba ta mallaki kayayyakin more rayuwa ko kayan aiki ba. Ya ba da shawarar a sake fasalin tsarin hada-hadar kudi don maye gurbin takardun banki na tushen bashi tare da kudaden da gwamnati ta fitar ba tare da bashi ba a cikin tsarin da ya daina ba da damar ajiyar juzu'i na banki. [7]
Oriani-Ambrosini ya ci gaba da gudanar da aikinsa na shari'a a Amurka, ko da yake a nesa, da kuma kasancewarsa a matsayin ƙungiyar siyasa tare da ƙungiyoyin 'yanci na Amurka. A cikin 2013 ya zama abokin tarayya a ofishin Translink na Afirka ta Kudu, wani kamfani na hada-hadar kudi na kasa da kasa da ke Switzerland wanda ya kware kan hadaka da saye da ofisoshi 30 a duk duniya.
A lokacin mutuwarsa Oriana-Ambrosini ɗan ƙasar Amurka ne, Italiya da Afirka ta Kudu kuma ya iya Turanci da Italiyanci sosai.
A ranar 19 ga Fabrairu, 2014 Oriani-Ambrosini ya tashi a Majalisar Dokoki ta SA kuma ya gabatar da wani kudirin doka na membobi masu zaman kansu don lalata amfani da cannabis na likitanci. Dokar Innovation ta Likita, ita ce "don yin tanadi don ƙididdigewa a cikin jiyya da kuma halatta amfani da cannibanoids don dalilai na likita da amfanin masana'antu masu fa'ida".
Mutuwa
gyara sasheMario Oriani-Ambrosini ya mutu a cikin 2014, dan kadan sama da shekara guda bayan ya bayyana a fili cewa yana da ciwon huhu na Stage 4. [8]
Duba kuma
gyara sashe- Jerin sunayen 'yan majalisar dokokin kasar Afirka ta Kudu da suka mutu a kan mukamansu
Labarai
gyara sashe- Oriani-Ambrosini, Mario (2017). Yarima Da Ni - Cibiyar Odyssey ta Afirka ta Kudu, , tarihin rayuwar da aka buga bayan mutuwa.
Manazarta
gyara sashe- ↑ "AMBROSINI, Antonio in "Dizionario Biografico"". www.treccani.it (in Italiyanci). Retrieved 2018-10-19.
- ↑ [1][dead link]
- ↑ "Immigration Act regulations: briefing; Annual Report: finalisation". Parliamentary Monitoring Group. 2003-02-18. Retrieved 2018-10-19.
- ↑ Molebeledi, Pule (2002-06-13). "South Africa: Is Masetlha Pawn in Political Game?". AllAfrica. Retrieved 2018-10-19.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 [2][dead link]
- ↑ "PISA | Founding members". Archived from the original on 2012-06-23. Retrieved 2012-12-22.
- ↑ Dr Mario Oriani - Ambrosini MP on fiat money and the SARB on YouTube
- ↑ "IFP MP Mario Oriani-Ambrosini dies". The Mail & Guardian (in Turanci). 2014-08-16. Retrieved 2023-08-08.