Wikipedia

Cuba

Cuba ƙasa ce dake a nahiyar Amurka inda ake kira da karibiyan. Babban birnin ta itace Havana.

Cuba
República de Cuba (es)
Flag of Cuba (en) Coat of arms of Cuba (en)
Flag of Cuba (en) Fassara Coat of arms of Cuba (en) Fassara

Santa Clara (mul) Fassara
Take El Himno de Bayamo (en) Fassara
Kirari «¡Patria o Muerte, Venceremos!»
«Homeland or Death, we shall overcome!»
«Родина или смърт, ние ще победим!»
«Fe Orchfygwn Angau neu Famwlad»
«Autentica Cuba»
Wuri
Map
 22°00′N 79°30′W / 22°N 79.5°W / 22; -79.5
Babban birni Havana
Yawan mutane
Faɗi 10,985,974 (2023)
• Yawan mutane 99.98 mazaunan/km²
Harshen gwamnati Yaren Sifen
Labarin ƙasa
Bangare na Latin America (en) Fassara da Karibiyan
Yawan fili 109,884 km²
Wuri a ina ko kusa da wace teku Caribbean Sea (en) Fassara da Gulf of Mexico (en) Fassara
Wuri mafi tsayi Pico Turquino (en) Fassara (1,974 m)
Wuri mafi ƙasa Caribbean Sea (en) Fassara (0 m)
Sun raba iyaka da
Bayanan tarihi
Mabiyi Republic of Cuba (en) Fassara
Ƙirƙira 10 Disamba 1898
Tsarin Siyasa
Tsarin gwamnati unitary state (en) Fassara
Majalisar zartarwa Council of Ministers (en) Fassara
Gangar majalisa National Assembly of People's Power (en) Fassara
• President of Cuba (en) Fassara Miguel Díaz-Canel (mul) Fassara (19 ga Afirilu, 2018)
• Prime Minister of Cuba (en) Fassara Manuel Marrero Cruz (en) Fassara (21 Disamba 2019)
Majalisar shariar ƙoli People's Supreme Court of Cuba (en) Fassara
Ikonomi
Kuɗi Cuban peso (en) Fassara
Bayanan Tuntuɓa
Kasancewa a yanki na lokaci
Suna ta yanar gizo .cu (mul) Fassara
Tsarin lamba ta kiran tarho +53
Lambar taimakon gaggawa 106 (en) Fassara, 104 (en) Fassara da 105 (en) Fassara
Lambar ƙasa CU
Wasu abun
Yanar gizo cuba.cu
Hanya a cuba
Cuba
Wannan Muƙalar guntuwa ce: tana buƙatar a inganta ta, kuna iya gyara ta.


  • Dzielnica Vedado w Hawanie, Cuba
    Dzielnica Vedado w Hawanie, Cuba
  • Cuba Travel
    Cuba Travel
  • Vinales, Cuba
    Vinales, Cuba
  • Street in Santiago, Cuba
    Street in Santiago, Cuba
  • El Malecón, La Habana
    El Malecón, La Habana
  • Cocin a Columbus Cemetary - Necropolis Colon - a La Habana, Cuba.
    Cocin a Columbus Cemetary - Necropolis Colon - a La Habana, Cuba.



Asalin sunanta

gyara sashe

Masana tarihi sun yi imanin sunan Cuba ya fito ne daga harshen Taíno; duk da haka, “ainihin abin da aka samo shi [ba a san shi] ba”[1]]. Ba a fayyace ainihin ma'anar sunan ba, amma ana iya fassara shi ko dai a matsayin 'inda ƙasa mai albarka take da yawa' (cubao),[2] ko 'babban wuri' (coabana).

Tarihi

gyara sashe

Manyan labarai: Tarihin Cuba da Timeline na tarihin Cuban Zamanin Pre-Columbia 'Yan Adam sun fara zama a Cuba kusan shekaru 6,000 da suka gabata, sun samo asali ne daga ƙaura daga Arewacin Amurka ta Kudu ko Amurka ta Tsakiya.[3]Shigowar mutane zuwa Cuba yana da alaƙa da bacewar tsibiran dabbobin na asali, musamman ma daɗaɗɗen ramuka.[4] Kakannin mutanen Taíno masu yaren Arawakan sun isa yankin Caribbean a wata ƙaura ta dabam daga Kudancin Amirka kimanin shekaru 1,700 da suka wuce. Ba kamar mazaunan Cuba na baya ba, Taíno ta samar da tukwane da yawa kuma sun tsunduma cikin aikin noma sosai.[5]Bayanan farko na mutanen Taíno a Cuba sun kasance a karni na 9 AD.[6]Zuriyar mutanen farko na Cuba sun ci gaba da kasancewa a yammacin tsibirin har zuwa tuntuɓar Columbian, inda aka rubuta su a matsayin mutanen Guanahatabey, waɗanda suka yi rayuwar mafarauci.[7] [8]

Mulkin Sipaniya da Mulki (1492-1898)

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Manyan labarai: Gwamnar Cuba da Kyaftin Janar na Cuba Bayan ya fara sauka a tsibirin da ake kira Guanahani a ranar 12 ga Oktoba 1492, [9]Christopher Columbus ya sauka a Cuba a ranar 27 ga Oktoba 1492, kuma ya sauka a gabar tekun arewa maso gabas a ranar 28 ga Oktoba.[10] Columbus ya yi ikirarin tsibirin don sabuwar Masarautar Spain[11] kuma ya sanya mata suna Isla Juana ("Tsibirin John") bayan John, Yariman Asturia.[12] [13]. [14]

Diego Velázquez de Cuéllar, wanda ya ci Cuba A cikin 1511, Diego Velázquez de Cuéllar ya kafa ƙauyen Spain na farko a Baracoa. Ba da daɗewa ba wasu ƙauyuka suka biyo baya, ciki har da San Cristobal de la Habana, wanda aka kafa a 1514 (kudancin tekun tsibirin) sannan a cikin 1519 (wuri na yanzu), wanda daga baya ya zama babban birni (1607). An tilasta wa 'yan asalin Taíno yin aiki a ƙarƙashin tsarin encomienda, [15] wanda ya yi kama da tsarin feudal a Turai na da.[16] A cikin karni guda, 'yan asalin ƙasar sun fuskanci yawan mace-mace saboda dalilai da yawa, musamman cututtukan Eurasian, waɗanda ba su da juriya na dabi'a (kariya), wanda ya tsananta da mummunan yanayi na mulkin mallaka na danniya.[17] A cikin 1529, barkewar cutar kyanda ta kashe kashi biyu bisa uku na waɗancan ƴan ƙasar da suka tsira daga cutar sankara a baya.[18] [19]

A ranar 18 ga Mayu 1539, mai nasara Hernando de Soto ya tashi daga Havana tare da wasu mabiya 600 zuwa wani balaguron balaguro ta kudu maso gabashin Amurka, don neman zinari, taska, shahara da ƙarfi.[20]A ranar 1 ga Satumba, 1548, an nada Gonzalo Perez de Angulo gwamnan Cuba. Ya isa birnin Santiago na kasar Kuba a ranar 4 ga watan Nuwamban shekarar 1549, kuma nan take ya ayyana 'yancin duk 'yan asalin kasar[21] Ya zama gwamna na dindindin na Cuba na farko da ya zauna a Havana a maimakon Santiago, kuma ya gina cocin farko na Havana da aka yi da katako[22]c]


Taswirar Kuba, c. 1680 A shekara ta 1570, yawancin mazaunan Kuba sun ƙunshi cakuda al'adun Mutanen Espanya, Afirka, da Taino.[23] Cuba ta ci gaba sannu a hankali kuma, ba kamar tsibiran shuka na Caribbean ba, suna da noma iri-iri. Mafi mahimmanci, mulkin mallaka ya bunƙasa a matsayin al'ummar birni wanda da farko ke goyon bayan daular mulkin mallaka na Spain. A tsakiyar karni na 18, akwai bayi 50,000 a tsibirin. Alkaluma sun nuna cewa a tsakanin shekarun 1790 zuwa 1820 an shigo da 'yan Afirka kimanin 325,000 zuwa Cuba a matsayin bayi, wanda ya ninka adadin da aka samu a tsakanin shekarun 1760 zuwa 1790.[24]

A cikin 1812, Tawayen Bawan Aponte ya faru, amma daga ƙarshe aka danne shi.[25]Yawan jama'ar Cuba a 1817 ya kai 630,980 (wanda 291,021 fari ne, 115,691 mutane ne masu 'yanci masu launi (gauraye-kabilanci), da kuma bayi 224,268 bakake[26] Yawan jama'a a 1841 ya kasance 1,007,624 wanda 425,521 daga cikin bayi baƙar fata ne 418,291 farare ne.[27]

Manazarta

gyara sashe
  1. ↑ Cuba – Cultural institutions | history – geography". Encyclopædia Britannica. p. 11. Archived from the original on 18 August 2017. Retrieved 18 August 2017
  2. ↑ "Alfred Carrada – The Dictionary of the Taino Language"
  3. ↑ Fernandes, Daniel M.; Sirak, Kendra A.; Ringbauer, Harald; Sedig, Jakob; Rohland, Nadin; Cheronet, Olivia; Mah, Matthew; Mallick, Swapan; Olalde, Iñigo; Culleton, Brendan J.; Adamski, Nicole; Bernardos, Rebecca; Bravo, Guillermo; Broomandkhoshbacht, Nasreen; Callan, Kimberly (4 February 2021). "A genetic history of the pre-contact Caribbean". Nature. 590 (7844): 103–110. Bibcode:2021Natur.590..103F. doi:10.1038/s41586-020-03053-2. ISSN 0028-0836. PMC 7864882. PMID 33361817
  4. ↑ rihuela, Johanset; Viñola, Lázaro W.; Jiménez Vázquez, Osvaldo; Mychajliw, Alexis M.; Hernández de Lara, Odlanyer; Lorenzo, Logel; Soto-Centeno, J. Angel (December 2020). "Assessing the role of humans in Greater Antillean land vertebrate extinctions: New insights from Cuba". Quaternary Science Reviews. 249: 106597. Bibcode:2020QSRv..24906597O. doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2020.106597. ISSN 0277-3791.
  5. ↑ "A genetic history of the pre-contact Caribbean"
  6. ↑ Keegan, William F.; Hofman, Corinne L. (23 February 2017). "Cuba, the Bahama Archipelago, and Jamaica". The Caribbean before Columbus. Oxford University Press. pp. 151–196. doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190605247.003.0006. ISBN 978-0-19-060524-7.
  7. ↑ Roksandic, van (20 September 2016). "The Role of the Nicaraguan Rise in the Early Peopling of the Greater Antilles". Cuban Archaeology in the Caribbean. University Press of Florida. pp. 8–16. doi:10.5744/florida/9781683400028.003.0002. ISBN 978-1-68340-002-8.
  8. ↑ Fernandes, Daniel M.; Sirak, Kendra A.; Ringbauer, Harald; Sedig, Jakob; Rohland, Nadin; Cheronet, Olivia; Mah, Matthew; Mallick, Swapan; Olalde, Iñigo; Culleton, Brendan J.; Adamski, Nicole; Bernardos, Rebecca; Bravo, Guillermo; Broomandkhoshbacht, Nasreen; Callan, Kimberly (4 February 2021). "A genetic history of the pre-contact Caribbean". Nature. 590 (7844): 103–110. Bibcode:2021Natur.590..103F. doi:10.1038/s41586-020-03053-2. ISSN 0028-0836. PMC 7864882. PMID 33361817
  9. ↑ Henken, Ted (2008). Cuba: A Global Studies Handbook. ABC-CLIO. p. 30. ISBN 978-1-85109-984-9. (gives the landing date in Cuba as 27 October)
  10. ↑ (gives the landing date in Cuba as 28 October)
  11. ↑ Gott 2004
  12. ↑ Andrea, Alfred J.; Overfield, James H. (2005). "Letter by Christopher Columbus concerning recently discovered islands". The Human Record. Vol. 1. Houghton
  13. ↑ McAlister 1984
  14. ↑ Andrea, Alfred J.; Overfield, James H. (2005). "Letter by Christopher Columbus concerning recently discovered islands". The Human Record. Vol. 1. Houghton Mifflin Company. p. 8. ISBN 978-0-618-37040-5
  15. ↑ "Encomienda or Slavery? The Spanish Crown's Choice of Labor Organization in Sixteenth-Century Spanish America"
  16. ↑ McAlister 1984
  17. ↑ ., Jared M. (1998). Guns, Germs, and Steel: The Fates of Human Societies. c: W.W. Norton & Co. ISBN 978-0-393-03891-0. Archived from the original on 16 January 2010. Retrieved 26 August 2017.
  18. ↑ "Encomienda or Slavery? The Spanish Crown's Choice of Labor Organization in Sixteenth-Century Spanish America"
  19. ↑ Diamond, Jared M. (1998). Guns, Germs, and Steel: The Fates of Human Societies. c: W.W. Norton & Co. ISBN 978-0-393-03891-0. Archived from the original on 16 January 2010. Retrieved 26 August 2017.
  20. ↑ ]Davidson, James West. After the Fact: The Art of Historical Detection Volume 1. New York: McGraw Hill, 2010. Chapter 1, p.
  21. ↑ Wright 1916
  22. ↑ Wright 1916
  23. ↑ Cuba". Encyclopædia Britannica. 25 April 2023. Archived from the original on 23 August 2021. Retrieved 18 August 2017
  24. ↑ Ferrer, Ada (2014). Freedom's Mirror: Cuba and Haiti in the Age of Revolution. New York: Cambridge University Press. p. 36. ISBN 978-1107029422.
  25. ↑ Childs, Matt D. (2006). The 1813 Aponte Rebellion in Cuba and the Struggle against Atlantic Slavery. The University of North Carolina Press. p. 320 pages. ISBN 978-0-8078-5772
  26. ↑ Scheina 2003
  27. ↑ The National Cyclopaedia of Useful Knowledge (First ed.). London: Charles Knight. 1848. p. Vol V, p.132
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