Mutanen Bariba

Mutanen Bariba, sunan kansu Baatonu (jam'in Baatombu), sune manyan mazaunan Borgou da sashen Alibori, Benin, kuma masu ƙirƙirar masarautar Borgu ta yanzu da take arewa maso gabashin Benin da yamma ta tsakiyar Najeriya . A Najeriya, an same su sun yadu tsakanin jihar Kwara ta yamma da bangaren Borgu na jihar Neja . Akwai wataƙila akwai Bariba miliyan, 70% daga cikinsu a cikin Benin, inda suke ƙabila ta huɗu mafi girma kuma sun ƙunshi kusan 1/11 na yawan jama'ar (9.2%). Yankin Bariba ya fi karkata ne musamman a arewa maso gabashin kasar, musamman a kusa da garin Nikki, wanda ake wa kallon babban birni na gargajiya. A ƙarshen ƙarni na 18 sun sami 'yanci daga Yarabawan Oyo kuma suka kafa masarautu da yawa a yankin Borgou. Turawan mulkin mallaka na Benin (a lokacin Dahomey) na Faransa a ƙarshen karni na 19, da sanya iyaka tsakanin Anglo da Faransa, ya kawo ƙarshen kasuwancin Bariba a yankin.

Mutanen Bariba

Yankuna masu yawan jama'a
Najeriya da Benin

Bariba
Baatonu / Baatombu

Jimlar yawan jama'a
c. 1.4 million
Yankuna masu yawan jama'a
Benin	1,000,000 (2016)
Nijeriya	400,000 (2016)
Harsuna
Bariba, Dendi, Hausa, Fulfulde French in Benin, English in Nigeria
Addini
Islam Christianity Traditional
Kabilu masu alaƙa
Gur: Dagomba, Gurma, Gurunsi, Mossi, Somba Bissa, Yoruba, Nupe, Dendi and others

Ɗaya daga cikin bukukuwan da aka ambata kuma shi ne bikin Gani na shekara-shekara wanda hawan doki shine babban abu.

Mutanen Bariba suna da muhimmin matsayi a tarihin kasar. A ƙarshen ƙarshen ƙarni na 19, Bariba  sananne ne don kafa kasashe masu zaman kansu  kuma ya mamaye masarautu  a garuruwa kamar Nikki da Kandi a arewa maso gabashin kasar. A cikin garin Pehunko akwai kusan mutanen Bariba 200,000 daga cikin mazauna 365,000.  

Noma shine babbar sana'ar Bariba. Suna noman masara, dawa, shinkafa, auduga, rogo (tapioca), dawa, wake, man dabino, gyada da wasu kaji da dabbobi. Addini yana taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin ƙabilun Bariba sannan kuma asalinsu na Musulunci ne. Koyaya yawancin al'ummomin Bariba suna da imanin asalinsu.

Harshe

Ana magana da yaren Bariba galibi a Borgou, Alibori da wani yanki na Atacora a arewacin Benin. Yaren Bariba ya kasance an tsara shi azaman waje na gidan Gur, amma yanzu an sanya shi cikin rashin fahimta a matsayin keɓaɓɓe cikin yarukan Savanna . Harshe ne na sauti tare da azuzuwan suna . An rubuta shi tun kusan 1970. Kwafa ta amfani da haruffan ƙasa na Benin na buƙatar, ban da haruffan Boko, haruffa masu zuwa daga IPA :

[ ɔ ] "bude o"

[ ɛ ] "bude e"

wasulan hanci [ã ɛ̃ ɔ̃ ĩ ũ] .

Mutanen Bariba saboda bambancin tasiri, suna magana da ƙaramin magana, wasu yarukan kamar Dendi, Fulbe, da Hausa .

Tarihi

Asali

Dangane da wasu sifofin tarihin su, Wasangari ya fara zama ne a yankin Nikki-Wenu a wajajen shekarar 1480, kasancewar yan asalin Baatonu sun mamaye shi daga 1350. Da suka zo daga Gabas, da farko sun sauka a Bussa a cikin ƙasar da ake kira Najeriya yanzu, inda Kisra, fitaccen mai hawan Wasangari daga Farisa ya ƙulla ƙawance da Mansa Doro ya bar Bussa zuwa Nikki-Wenu tare da angonsa Sero, ɗan Kisra wanda ya ba Mansa amana. Doro tare da ilimin Sero. Kafin ya sake barin yankin ya koma Kisra, Mansa Doro ya zabi makwabcinsa Sero a matsayin sabon sarki. Kasancewa cikin kayan farauta, mutanen garin Nikki-Wenu ne suka kafa angon a matsayin Sounon Sero, Sarkin Nikki .

Sime Dobidia, mahaifin dauloli

Sabi Sime, ƙaramin ɗan Sounon Sero, daga baya ya zama Sime Dobidia, kuma ta hanyar auratayya tare da dangin garin Baatonu, Boko da Hausa, suka kafa daulolin Daular Nikki. 'Ya'yansa maza, waɗanda aka ba su alamun sarauta na ƙaho tare da fararen fata, suka mallaki ƙauyukan iyayensu mata. Waɗannan alaƙar iyayen sun kasance tushen tsarin siyasa da Wasangari ya kafa.

An kafa daulolin masarauta ta:

1. Sero Baguiri, kakan daular Karawe
2. Kpe Gounon Kaba Wouko, kakannin daular Gbassi
3. Sero Kpera I, kakannin gidan daular Makararou
4. Kpe Lafia Gamabrou, kakan daular Lafiarou
5. Sero Kora Bakarou, kakanin daular Korakou

Yariman Wassangari

Al'umma

Tsarin Caste

Ƙungiyar Bariba tana da alamun rarrabuwar kawuna irin na yankin Afirka ta Yamma. Akwai rarrabuwa .

1. Wassangari sune farkon rukunin jama'a. Tsarin mulkin mahaya ne wanda ya samo asali daga Bussa . Thean sarki ne. Sarki ko Sinaboko, da, Gnon Kogui, Uwargidan Sarauniya, suna cikin wannan ƙungiyar. Iyalan Wassangari suna da iko da siyasa a mafi yawan Daular, ana sanya dauloli daban-daban na Daular Nikki ƙarƙashin ikon ɗayan ɗayan Wasangari.
2. Bayan Wassangari, sai asalin Bariba ko asalin Baatonu waɗanda suka kasance tsarkakakkun mutane. Su ma manoma ne da masu sana'a, sun fito ne daga al'ummomin da suka gabata. Har yanzu suna samun wakilcin "sarakunan ƙasa", waɗanda fitattu daga cikinsu, Ministoci da Sinadunwiru, ke riƙe da manyan mukamai. Su membobin Majalisar Ministocin ne kuma na biyu ana kiran sa zuwa ga rashi lokacin mutuwar Sarki. A griots, severals mahayan dawakai, maƙera, kida da sauransu Bariba ɗauki bangare integrally wannan caste.
3. A al'adar Bariba, yaron da aka haifa ba zato ba tsammani ko wanda ya fita ta kafaɗa, ko ta ƙafa ko waninsa, ko kuma yaron da ya tura haƙoran daga sama to ɗan masifa ne. Idan ya kasance a cikin iyali, za ta jimre wahalar da ta same ta. Maimakon kashe wannan yaron, za a ɗora shi a hannun Fulbe wanda zai ɗauki nauyin ɗaga shi har sai ya girma. Babu ta yadda zai dawo ga danginsa ko da dan sarki ne ko kuma dan bafulatani. Kuma duk waɗannan yaran ne suka kafa kashi na uku na yawan jama'ar, wato Gando. 'Yan Gando sun taru a wata unguwa da ke bayan gari kuma ba lallai ne su auri Bariba ba. Aure tsakanin Gando ne sai dai a wani yanayi da zamuyi bayani anan gaba. Gando suna da alhakin samar da Kotun hatsi. Gando Baribawa ne waɗanda ke magana da Fulfulde
4. Rukuni na huɗu shine ƙungiyar Fulbe. Baribawa kyawawan manoma ne kuma suna da alaƙa da Fulbe, waɗanda ke kiwon dabbobi a yankin su. Borgou, yanki ne na gandun dajin da ke canzawa tare da filaye masu fadi da ruwa ya shayar da su, wuri ne da ya dace da noman dabbobi mai karfi da Fulbe ke yi, wadanda ke yankin Fula . Baatonu suna ba wa Fulbe damar amfani da filayen kiwo, musamman filako ko gonakin da ba a daɗe da girbewa ba, kuma sau da yawa suna ba su dabbobinsu don biyan nama da madara daga Fulbe; don haka alumma ke zama tare cikin haɗin kai Lokacin ziyartar wani ƙauye, Fulbe, waɗanda ake masa laƙabi da Pullo, baƙi ne na Baatonu. Haka kuma an wakilci kungiyar ta Fulbe a kotun sarakunan Baatonu wadanda suka ba da tabbacin kariya daga satar dabbobi. Fulbe suna ba da gudummawa ga tattalin arzikin Gaani ta hanyar samar da dabbobi da madara ga Sarkinsu.
5. A ƙarshe, akwai baƙi waɗanda yawanci musulmai ne . Asali daga arewacin Najeriya, hausawa da Dendi yan kasuwa ne kuma yan kasuwa.

Al'adu

Asalin Gaani

Bikin Gaani na shekara-shekara, wanda Sarkin Nikki ke jagoranta, ko kuma ba shi da shi manyan hafsoshin lardin Bouay, Kika da Sandiro, suna tara dukkanin shugabannin lardunan da jama'arsu, waɗanda suka zo don sabunta biyayya ga Sarki tare da karɓar albarkarsa. Fiye da mutane 150,000 suka hallara zuwa Nikki daga ko'ina don shiga cikin gagarumin bikin inda ake bikin mahimmancin al'adun Baatonu kuma ana haɓaka alaƙar iyaye da 'yan uwantaka tsakanin dauloli. Kowa ya kawo kyaututtuka, duk da kankantarwa, don bayar da gudummawa ga girman bukukuwan. Gaani shine biki na biyu a kalandar Baatonu, bayan bikin wuta ko Donkonru, wanda ke gudana a Sabuwar Shekara. Gaani yana da alaƙa da ra'ayin nasara, yana haifar da farin ciki, nasara da yanci kuma lokaci ne na farin ciki da tarayya. Ta hanyar rayarwa da aiwatar da tunanin da ya hada su, yana ciyarwa da sake kawo labarai na hadin kai da 'yan uwantaka tsakanin mutanen Baatonu, yana mai amincewa da dabi'unsu na maraba da rabawa. Bikin kabilanci mai tashin hankali, daga baya aka sanya shi cikin kalandar musulmai kuma don haka ya dace da Maulidi wanda musulmai keyi don tunawa da haihuwar Annabi . An shirya bikin ne bisa kalandar wata kuma ana yin sa ne a ranar Talata, Alhamis, Asabar ko Lahadi; ba za a iya gudanar da shi a kowace ranar mako ba. *

Ofungiyar Kirikou tare da ƙaho, Kankangui

Hotuna

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  Jarumin Bariba, 1900.
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  Ourou, Bariba mai shekaru 20 daga jihar Nikki, 1920.
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  Fitilar yumbu ta Bariba ta bikin.
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  Kungiyar Bariba
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  Mutumin Wasangari
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  Mai dokin Bariba
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  Wata ƴar kabilar
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  Sarki Chaka