Tattalin arzikin Najeriya

Tattalin arzikin Najeriya matsakaicin kudin shiga ne, tattalin arziki mai gauraye da kasuwar da ke tasowa tare da fadada masana'antu, kudi, sabis, sadarwa, fasaha, da bangarorin nishaɗi. An sanya shi a matsayin tattalin arziki na 31 mafi girma a duniya dangane da GDP mai suna, mafi girma a Afirka kuma na 27 mafi girma dangane da daidaito na ikon sayen.

Tattalin arzikin Najeriya
national economy (en)
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Najeriya tana da tattalin arziki mafi girma a Afirka. Kasuwancin masana'antu na kasar ya zama mafi girma a nahiyar a cikin 2013, kuma yana samar da yawancin kayayyaki da ayyuka ga yankin Yammacin Afirka. Kashi na bashin zuwa GDP na Najeriya ya kasance 36.63% a cikin 2021 bisa ga IMF.

GDP na Najeriya a lokacin sayen ikon (PPP) ya kusan ninka sau uku daga dala biliyan 170 a cikin 2000 zuwa dala biliyan 451 a cikin 2012, kodayake kimantawa na girman bangaren na al'ada (wanda ba a haɗa shi a cikin adadi na hukuma ba) ya sanya ainihin lambobin kusa da dala biliyan 630. Daga baya, GDP na kowane mutum ya ninka sau biyu daga $ 1400 ga kowane mutum a cikin 2000 zuwa kimanin $ 2,800 ga kowane mutum. Har ila yau, tare da hada bangaren da ba na al'ada ba, an kiyasta cewa GDP na kowane mutum yana kusa da $ 3,900 ga kowane mutum. Yawan mutanen kasar ya karu daga miliyan 120 a shekara ta 2000 zuwa miliyan 160 a shekara ta 2010. Za a sake fasalin adadi na GDP zuwa sama da kashi 80% lokacin da za a sake lissafa ma'auni bayan sake fasalin tattalin arzikinta a watan Afrilun 2014.

Kodayake kudaden shiga na mai sun ba da gudummawa 2/3 na kudaden shiga, mai kawai yana ba da guddina kusan 9% ga GDP. Najeriya tana samar da kusan kashi 2.7% na man fetur na duniya. Kodayake bangaren man fetur yana da mahimmanci, yayin da kudaden shiga na gwamnati har yanzu suna dogara da wannan bangaren, ya kasance karamin ɓangare na tattalin arzikin kasar gaba ɗaya.

Yawancin bangaren noma ba su ci gaba da bunkasa yawan jama'ar kasar ba. Najeriya ta kasance babbar mai fitar da abinci, amma a halin yanzu tana shigo da wasu kayan abinci. Mechanization ya haifar da sake farfadowa a cikin masana'antu da fitar da kayayyakin abinci, kuma saboda haka an sami ci gaba zuwa ga isasshen abinci. A shekara ta 2006, Najeriya ta cimma yarjejeniya da kungiyar Paris Club don sayen yawancin basussukan da ta ci daga gare su, don musayar biyan kuɗi kusan dala biliyan 12.

Dangane da rahoton Citigroup da aka buga a watan Fabrairun 2011, Najeriya za ta sami matsakaicin ci gaban GDP a duniya tsakanin 2010 da 2050. Najeriya tana daya daga cikin kasashe biyu daga Afirka daga cikin kasashen 11 masu samar da ci gaban duniya.

Bayani na gaba ɗaya

A cikin 2014, Najeriya ta canza nazarin tattalin arzikinta don lissafin masu ba da gudummawa da sauri ga GDP, kamar sadarwa, banki, da masana'antar fim.

Babban birnin ɗan adam bai ci gaba ba - Najeriya ta kasance 161 daga cikin kasashe 189 a cikin Ƙididdigar Ci gaban Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a cikin 2019 - kuma ababen more rayuwa da ba su da alaƙa da makamashi.

Najeriya ta ci gaba da kokarin samar da ilimin firamare na duniya, kare muhalli.

Abin da ake buƙata don cimma burin da yawa shine rage cin hanci da rashawa, wanda ke hana ci gaba da lalata yanayin kasuwancin Najeriya. Koyaya, yayin da ci gaba mai zurfi ya kasance mai jinkiri, waɗannan ƙoƙarin sun fara zama bayyane a cikin binciken duniya na cin hanci da rashawa. Matsayin Najeriya ya fi inganta tun daga shekara ta 2001 yana da matsayi na 154 daga cikin kasashe 180 a cikin Transparency International's 2021 Corruption Perceptions Index.

Tattalin arzikin Najeriya yana fama da matsalar samar da wutar lantarki a bangaren wutar lantarki. Duk da saurin bunkasa tattalin arziki, wasu daga cikin manyan ajiyar duniya na kwal, mai, da iskar gas da kuma matsayin kasar a matsayin mafi girman mai samar da mai a Afirka, mazauna suna fuskantar matsalolin samar da wutar lantarki akai-akai.

Kashi biyu bisa uku na 'yan Najeriya suna sa ran yanayin rayuwa zai inganta a cikin shekaru masu zuwa.gaskiya ya kamata nageriya takara jajircewa wajen kasuwanci dama sauransu.

Tarihin tattalin arziki

Tebur mai zuwa yana nuna manyan alamun tattalin arziki a cikin 1980-2021 (tare da ƙididdigar ma'aikatan IMF a cikin 2022-2027). Hawan farashi a ƙasa da 10% yana cikin kore. An cire yawan rashin aikin yi na shekara-shekara daga 1991 zuwa 2009 (a cikin italic) daga Bankin Duniya, kodayake Asusun Kudi na Duniya ya same su ba abin dogaro ba ne.

Year	Gross domestic product, (PPP, in billions)	US dollar exchange	Inflation index (2000=100)	Per capita income (as % of USA)
1980	*58	1 Naira	1.30	7%
1985	*82	3 Naira	3.20	5%
1990	*118	9 Naira	8.10	2.5%
1995	*155	50 Naira	56	3%
2000	170	100 Naira	100	3.5%
2005	291	130 Naira	207	4%
2010	392	150 Naira	108	5%
2012	451	158 Naira	121	7%
2014	972	180 Naira	10	11%
2015	1,089	220 Naira	10	10%
2016	1,093	280 Naira	17	10%
2017	1,125	360 Naira	5 (est)	10%

Aikin noma

Manoman Najeriya a cikin Tsakiyar Najei (2006). 30% na 'yan Najeriya suna aiki a aikin gona.

Sashin aikin gona yana fama da rashin bunƙasa yana nuna dogaro da hanyoyin da suka gabata. Aikin noma ya kasa ci gaba da saurin ƙaruwar yawan jama'ar Najeriya, don haka kasar, wacce ta taba fitar da abinci, yanzu tana shigo da abinci mai yawa don ci gaba da kanta. Koyaya, ana yin ƙoƙari don sake samun isasshen abinci a ƙasar. Kasar da ta fi yawan jama'a a Afirka ta kasa shuka karin abinci ga yawan jama'arta masu saurin tashi waɗanda dole ne a ciyar da su da kayan abinci daga shinkafa, wake, masara da sauransu.

Aikin noma na shuka

Samar da abinci na shuka a Najeriya, 2020, a cikin tan miliyan

Najeriya ta kasance ta shida a duniya kuma ta farko a Afirka a cikin aikin gona. Sashin yana da kusan kashi 18% na GDP da kusan kashi ɗaya bisa uku na aikin yi. Kodayake Najeriya ba babbar mai fitarwa ba ce, saboda bunkasa masu amfani da gida, har yanzu babbar mai samar da kayayyakin noma da yawa. Ƙarin kayan aikin gona sun haɗa da man dabino da roba.

Tushen da ƙwayoyin

Tushen tattalin arziki a Kudu da tattalin arzikin hatsi a Arewacin Najeriya

Idan aka ƙidaya ta hanyar nauyi, wannan "abinci na karkashin kasa" shine mafi girman rukunin abinci da aka samar a Najeriya, tare da tan miliyan 118 a cikin 2020. Wannan rukuni ya haɗa da yam, cassava, dankali da dankali mai zaki. Wadannan kayayyakin abinci ana noma su galibi a kudancin Najeriya ("Tattalin Arziki na Tushen").

Alkama

Ƙungiyar sorghum, pear millet da dai sauransu ita ce rukuni na biyu mafi girma na abinci da aka samar a Najeriya, tare da tan miliyan 28.6 a cikin 2020. 50% ko tan miliyan 14 na wannan shine sorghum. Samar da sukari ya kara da tan miliyan 1.5 ga wannan. Ana noma hatsi galibi a yankin savannah na ƙasar, kuma a ranar 23 ga Yuni rahoton kasuwar hatsi na Najeriya, Majalisar Girma ta Duniya (IGC) ta sanya jimlar samar da hatsi na Nigeria na 2022-23 a tan miliyan 21.6, an sake duba wannan takamaiman adadi daga hasashen watan da ya gabata wanda ya kasance miliyan 21.1, Ya kafa samarwa a cikin shekara ta 2021-22 a miliyan 21.5 wanda ya nuna kuma ya tabbatar da cewa akwai karuwa a cikin samar da hatsa a ranar 23th na Yuni 2022 - 2023.

Shinkafa da paddy

Man shanu, dabino mai, koko da samar da auduga a Najeriya

Ƙungiyar abinci ta uku mafi girma da aka samar a Najeriya ita ce shinkafa da paddy. A cikin 2020, an samar da tan miliyan 8.2.

Amfanin man fetur

Najeriya ta samar da tan miliyan 4 na amfanin man fetur a shekarar 2020. Wadannan sune misali soya wake, sunflower seed, canola da peanuts.

Ƙarin kayayyaki

Ana shuka wake, melons, pepper da kayan lambu a gonakin yanka. Ana shuka dabino na mai, roba da ayaba don fitarwa. Man dabino yana taka muhimmiyar rawa a masana'antar kayan kula da mutum ta Najeriya.

Dabbobi

Shanu

Gabaɗaya, an adana kusan kawuna miliyan 15. Bugu da kari, ana kula da aladu miliyan biyar. Ana kula da ƙananan dabbobi kamar tumaki, awaki da kaji galibi don rayuwa.

Tsuntsu da Kwai

Kimanin kashi 42% na 'yan Najeriya suna da kaza. A sakamakon haka, kaji da ƙwai suna wakiltar sanannen kayan masarufi a cikin masana'antar abinci. 46% na kaji ana kiyaye su a cikin tsarin da ya fi girma / kyauta. Ana samar da tan dubu 300 na naman kaji da tan dubu 650 na ƙwai a kowace shekara a Najeriya (kimanin).

Kifi

A cikin wannan shekarar, jimlar kamun kifi ya kai tan 505.8.

Itace

Cirewar katako ya kai kasa da mita cubic miliyan 70, kuma an kiyasta samar da itace a mita cubic guda biyu.

Ma'adinai da man fetur

Ma'adinai

Ma'adanai na hakar ma'adanai a Najeriya suna da asusun 0.3% kawai na babban kayan cikin gida, saboda tasirin albarkatun mai masu yawa. Masana'antar hakar ma'adinai ta cikin gida ba ta ci gaba sosai ba, wanda ya haifar da Najeriya ta shigo da ma'adanai da za ta iya samarwa a cikin gida, kamar gishiri ko ƙarfe. Gwamnatin Tarayya ta Najeriya ce ke da haƙƙin mallaka na albarkatun ma'adinai, wanda ke ba da lakabi ga ƙungiyoyi don bincika, hakar ma'adanai, da sayar da albarkatun jan'adanai.

Ma'aikatar Ci gaban Ma'adanai ce ke kula da ka'idojin hakar ma'adinai, wanda ke kula da gudanar da dukkan albarkatun ma'adanai. Dokar hakar ma'adinai ta tsara a cikin Dokar Ma'adinai da Ma'adanai ta Tarayya ta 1999.

Mai

Kamfanin tace mai na Dangote

Nau'ikan man fetur da Najeriya ke fitarwa sune man fetur mai sauƙi na Bonny, man fetur na Forcados, man fetun Qua Ibo da man fetur a Brass River. Amurka ta kasance babbar mai sayen man fetur a Najeriya, wanda ya kai kashi 40% na jimlar fitar da man fetur na kasar; Najeriya tana ba da kusan kashi 10% na shigo da man fetus na Amurka gaba ɗaya kuma tana cikin matsayi na biyar mafi girma na man fetur da aka shigo da Amurka.

Ƙasar Ingila ita ce babbar abokin ciniki ta Najeriya da Amurka ta biyo baya. Kasuwancin saka hannun jari na Amurka kusan dala biliyan 7, galibi a bangaren makamashi. ExxonMobil da Chevron sune manyan kamfanoni biyu na Amurka a cikin samar da mai da iskar gas.

Masana'antu

Cement

Dangote da BUA sune manyan kamfanoni a kasuwar siminti ta Najeriya. A watan Mayu 2022 BUA ta bude sabon, babban masana'antar siminti a Sokoto ciki har da tashar wutar lantarki ta 50 MW.

Kayayyakin da ke da man fetur

Abin mamaki, Najeriya a halin yanzu tana fitar da man fetur amma dole ne ta shigo da kayayyakin man fetur kamar man fetur ko polypropylene (plastic). A cikin kwata na huɗu na 2022, mai mai da yawa game da Dangote zai fara aiki, wanda zai samar da lita miliyan 50 na man fetur a kowace rana, da sauransu. Wannan zai juya Najeriya daga mai shigo da kaya zuwa mai fitar da kayayyakin man fetur. Ko da kafin ya fara aiki sosai, kamfanin Dangote ya yi iƙirarin cewa yana da rikodin duniya da yawa, gami da shafi mafi girma a duniya kuma, tare da mai sabuntawa na RFCC, duka ƙarfe mafi nauyi (wanda aka yi da Koriya) da kuma abu mafi nauyi da aka taɓa ɗauka a kan hanyar Afirka ta jama'a.

takin zamani da fenti

A ranar 3 ga Mayu 2022, bayan shekaru na gini, an ba da izinin samar da taki a kusa da Legas wanda zai samar da tan miliyan 3 na taki a shekara. Ba tare da karin taki na Rasha da ke zuwa kasuwar duniya a 2022 ba saboda yakin Ukraine, Najeriya tana cika rata a kasuwa. "Kasuwancin taki shine kasuwar mai siyarwa," shugaban kamfanin Dangote a lokacin bude shuka. "Mutane suna rokon mu sayar kuma muna zabar wanda muke sayar da shi".

Wani dutse da aka jefa daga kamfanin Dangote mai suna BASF ya buɗe masana'anta a Lekki. BASF an fi saninsa da taki, fenti da lacquers.

Kayayyakin kula da jiki, kayan wankewa

Masana'antar Colgate a yankin Kasuwanci na Lekki kusa da Legas ta fara samar da kayayyakin kula da jiki a cikin 2022.

Masana'antar magunguna

Kamfanin ƙera motoci na Innoson a Nweri

Masana'antar motoci

'Yan Najeriya suna sayen motoci 720,000 a kowace shekara, amma kasa da kashi 20% na waɗannan ana samar da su a Najeriya kanta.

Masu sana'a na asali

Ayyuka

Najeriya ta kasance ta 27 a duk duniya kuma ta farko a Afirka a cikin samar da ayyuka.

Gundumar kudi a Legas

Sashin kudi

Najeriya ita ce babbar kasuwar kudi a Afirka. Ya zuwa Nuwamba 2018, Babban Bankin Najeriya (CBN) ya ba da lasisi ga bankunan kasuwanci 21. Najeriya tana da bangaren banki mai ci gaba sosai ta hanyar ka'idojin yanki, tare da matakin banki mai zurfi a yankin (44.2% idan aka kwatanta da matsakaicin yanki na 17.8% na Yammacin Afirka) da kuma amfani da kayan aikin kuɗi na ci gaba a cikin tattalin arzikin yankin. Har ila yau, kasar tana da alaƙa da kasuwannin kuɗi na duniya kuma bayan rikicin man fetur na 2016-17, ƙasar ta ga karuwar shigo da kudaden kasashen waje a cikin watanni 12-18 da suka gabata - shigo da kudade a Najeriya ya tsallake zuwa US $ 6.3 bln a cikin Q1-18 (594% yok) vs. $ 12.3 bln don cikakken shekara 2017 da $ 5.1 bln a 2016). Koyaya, ƙasar tana da nauyin kuɗi mai yawa, wanda ke iyakance samun damar samun bashi ga ƙananan kamfanoni, musamman a cikin tattalin arzikin da ba mai ba.

Sadarwa

Kwamitin Sadarwa na Najeriya (NCC) ya ce a ranar 14 ga Janairu, 2022, bangaren sadarwa ya ba da gudummawa 12.45% ga Gross Domestic Product (GDP) na Najeriya. Kwamitin ta hanyar babban jami'in zartarwa (Shugaba), Farfesa Umar Garba Danbatta, a lokacin lacca na taron, mai taken, "Ƙarfafa Matasan Najeriya Ta hanyar Fasahar Bayanai da Sadarwa (ICT) " da aka gudanar a Jami'ar Fountain, Osogbo, ya sanar da wannan. Farfesa Garba ya bayyana cewa bangaren ICT yana ba da gudummawa sama da 10% na GDP na Najeriya sama da shekaru 10. Ya lura, "Nijeriya ita ce babbar kasuwar ICT ta Afirka tare da kashi 82 cikin 100 na masu biyan kuɗi na sadarwa na nahiyar da kashi 29 cikin 100 na amfani da intanet".

Najeriya ta kasance ta 11 a duniya a cikin cikakken adadin masu amfani da intanet kuma ta 7 a cikin cikakken yawan wayoyin hannu.

Sashin sufuri, turawa, jigilar kayayyaki

Keke a Ikeja, Legas

Saboda wurin da Najeriya take a tsakiyar Afirka, sufuri tana taka muhimmiyar rawa a bangaren sabis na kasa.

Gwamnatin Buhari ta inganta kayan aikin bayan shekarar 2015. An gudanar da gyare-gyare masu yawa da sabbin gine-gine a hankali yayin da jihohi musamman ke kashe rabon su na karuwar rabon gwamnati. Wakilin waɗannan ci gaba shine gadar Nijar ta biyu a Onitsha, wanda kusan an kammala shi a watan Mayu 2022.

Tun daga shekara ta 2009, Najeriya tana kafa sabbin hanyoyin jirgin kasa. Kamfanin Jirgin Sama na Najeriya ne ke sarrafa waɗannan. Wannan a bayyane ya haifar da wadata tun daga 2019, duk da annobar da ta faru.

Manyan tashoshin jiragen ruwa suna Legas (Apapa da Tin Can Island), Port Harcourt (Onne), da Calabar . Wani tashar jiragen ruwa mai zurfi a Lekki, kilomita 50 a gabashin Legas, yana gab da buɗewa a 2022.

Biyar daga cikin filayen jirgin saman Najeriya (Lagos, Kano, Port Harcourt, Enugu da Abuja) a halin yanzu suna tashi zuwa wuraren duniya. Sabuwar kamfanin jirgin sama na kasa, "Nigeria Air", an shirya fara aiki a tsakiyar shekara ta 2022.

Nishaɗi

Masana'antar fina-finai, Talabijin, Rarrabawa

Daga Nollywood, ana watsa fina-finai da sabulu zuwa duk Afirka. Najeriya ita ce kasa ta biyu mafi girma a duniya bayan Indiya kuma a gaban Amurka.

Masana'antar kiɗa

Wataƙila sanannen mawaƙin Najeriya shine mai kirkirar Afrobeat Fela Anikulapo Kuti, wanda ya ba da kide-kide na almara tare da ƙungiyarsa "Africa 70" a "Shrine" a Legas. Sauran halaye na kiɗa sun haɗa da Jùjú, Apala, Fuji da Sakara . A fagen kiɗa, mawaƙan Najeriya da ke zaune a Turai kamar Sade Adu ko Dr. Alban sun ci nasara sosai a cikin shekarun 1980 da 1990. A Turai, Nneka tana ɗaya daga cikin sanannun mawaƙa na Najeriya. Ɗaya daga cikin 'yan wasan kwaikwayo na Najeriya da ke zaune a Najeriya wanda ya sami nasarar kasuwanci a Turai shine D'Banj . Har ma ya kai ga sigogi na Turai a lokacin rani na 2012 tare da Oliver Twist . Wizkid ya kai lamba 1 a 2016 tare da Drake.

Kafofin sada zumunta

Yan Najeriya masu amfani da kafofin sada zumunta ne. A cikin 2021 'yan Najeriya sun kwashe sa'o'i 3 da minti 41 a kafofin sada zumunta a matsakaita kowace rana. Wannan ya fi matsakaicin duniya na awanni 2 da minti 22. Adadin masu amfani da kafofin sada zumunta masu aiki a Najeriya ya karu a cikin 2021 da kashi 22 cikin dari, idan aka kwatanta da karuwar matsakaicin duniya na kashi 13. WhatsApp da Facebook sune dandamali na kafofin sada zumunta da aka fi amfani da su a Najeriya.

Dangantakar tattalin arziki ta kasashen waje

Dangantakar tattalin arzikin kasashen waje ta Najeriya tana kewaye da rawar da take takawa wajen samar da tattalin arzikin duniya da man fetur da iskar gas, koda kuwa kasar na neman rarraba fitar da kayayyaki, daidaita haraji daidai da yiwuwar hadin gwiwar kwastam da Kungiyar Tattalin Arziki ta Yammacin Afirka (ECOWAS) ke nema, da kuma karfafa shigowar fayil na kasashen waje da saka hannun jari kai tsaye. A watan Oktoba na shekara ta 2005, Najeriya ta aiwatar da farashin waje na ECOWAS, wanda ya rage yawan adadin farashin.

Kafin wannan bita, haraji ya zama tushen kudaden shiga na biyu mafi girma a Najeriya bayan fitar da mai. A shekara ta 2005 Najeriya ta sami babban ci gaba lokacin da ta cimma yarjejeniya tare da Paris Club don kawar da bashin ta biyu ta hanyar haɗuwa da rubuce-rubuce da sayarwa. Najeriya ta shiga kungiyar kasashe masu fitar da man fetur a watan Yulin 1971 da kuma kungiyar cinikayya ta duniya a watan Janairun 1995.

Dubi kuma

• Talauci a Najeriya
• Masana'antar ƙarfe a Najeriya
• Hukumar Tattalin Arziki ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya don Afirka