Ladi Kwali
Ladi Kwali, OON, MBE (ta rayu daga shekarar 1925- zuwa 12 ga watan Agusta, a shekarata 1984)[1] ta kasance yar' Nijeriya mai sana'ar hada tukwane, an haifi Ladi Kwali ne a ƙauyen Kwali da ke yankin Gwari a garin Abuja, Arewacin Najeriya, inda aikin hada tukunya yazama al'ada ga asalin 'yan matan wannan yankin.[2] Ta koya yin tukunya da kasko tun tana matsayin yarinya daga wurin innar ta da amfani ta hanyar gargajiya na nadi. Ta yi manyan tukwanen ruwa don yin amfani da kwalba na ruwa, dafaffen tukwane, kwanukan kwano, da flas daga yumɓu na yumɓu, an buge ta a ciki tare da bakin katako. An Kuma yi musu ado da kayan kwalliya na zane da zane wanda aka hada dasu, kunama, macizai, tsuntsaye, da kifaye.[3] Tana burge zane a saman lambobin ta hanyar mirgina kananan roulettes na murza mage ko katako mai ban sha'awa a saman yumbu, wani lokacin kamar bandeji a kwance kuma wani lokacin a bangarori a tsaye. Falon katako na katako ya kunshi kananan silinda na katako mai kauri, inci biyu ko uku tsayi da rabin inci a diamita, an zana shi tare da madaidaiciya, tsafe-tsafe, ko kuma kwatankwacinsa. Jirgin ruwan earthenware da dabaru na ado an maishe su ne lokacin zamani.[4] Saboda bin hanyar gargajiya na yankin, an kunna su cikin wuta mai cin ciyawa. An lura da tukwanen don kyawawan nau'ikan su da adonsu, an kuma karrama ta a yankuna a matsayin babbar baiwa da kuma mashahurin mai tukwane.[5] Mai martaba Sarkin Abuja, Alhaji Suleiman Barau,[6] daga wadanda gidansu Michael Cardew ya gan su a cikin shekarar 1950.
 Ladi Kwali | |
|---|---|
| Rayuwa | |
| Haihuwa | Kwali, 16 ga Maris, 1925 |
| ƙasa | Najeriya |
| Mutuwa | Minna, 12 ga Augusta, 1984 |
| Karatu | |
| Harsuna |
Hausa Turanci |
| Sana'a | |
| Sana'a |
ceramicist (en)  da ilmantarwa |
| Kyaututtuka | |
Farkon rayuwa
gyara sasheAn haife ta a ƙaramin ƙauyen Kwali, wanda ke yanzu Majalisar Kwali na Majalisar Tarayya, a shekarar 1925 (Wasu masana tarihi sun nuna cewa ranar haihuwar ta hakika a shekaran 1920 ne[7]). Ta girma ne a cikin dangi wanda ya ci gaba da al'adun mata na gargajiya na yin tukunyar tukwane. Mallam Mekaniki Kyebese, qaramin dan Ladi Kwali ya ce: "koda a farkon shekarun yin tukwane, Ladi Kwali tayi fice a sana'ar kuma ana sayar da kayanta tun ma kafin a kai su kasuwanni". A cikin kwalliyar ta na farko, yanayin al'adun gargajiya ya motsa ta ta samar da tukunyar tukwane wadanda al'adun Gbagyi suka rinjayi tare da rikita shi. Hanyar da ta kusanci da yumɓu ta kasance ta hanyar maɓallin lissafi, wanda ake ci gaba da bayyane ta ci gaba da bayyanar daidaituwa.
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Kulawa
gyara sasheMichael Cardew, wanda aka nada a matsayin Babban Jami'in Kika a Ma'aikatar Kasuwanci da Masana'antu a cikin mulkin Najeriya a shekarar 1951, ya kafa Cibiyar horar da Manyan Kaya a garin Suleja (sannan ana kira "Abuja") a watan Afrilun 1952. A shekarar 1954, Ladi Kwali ta shiga tukunyar tukunya ta Abuja a matsayin matattarar mace ta farko.[8] Akwai, ta koya dabaran jefawa, glazing, kiln da harbe-harben, da samar da saggars, da kuma yin amfani da zamewa, ƙarshe dauka rawar da malami. Ta yi kwano tare da kayan ado na sgraffito, wanda ya ƙunshi tsoma jiragen ruwa a cikin jan ko farin zamewa sannan ta goge kayan adon ta hanyar jigon zuwa jikin da ke ƙasa, ta amfani da murfin katako. A lokacin da Cardew ya bar mukamin nasa a shekarar 1965, Cibiyar ta jawo wasu karin mata hudu daga Gwari : Halima Audu, Lami Toto, Assibi Iddo, da Kande Ushafa. Wadannan mata sun yi aiki tare a daya daga cikin bitar, wanda suka kira Dakin Gwari (dakin Birnin Gwari), don aikin-girkar manyan tukwane na ruwa. Zasu tsarawa da toshe ratsan tukwane tare da harsashin katantanwa, kwalayen zuriya mai wuya ko bakin fata. Bayan haka, sun daidaita tsarin adonsu na gargajiya, ta hanyar lulluɓe su da farin kaolin da sildspar, wanda zai jawo hankali ga kayan adon da ya ɓata. Bayan an kunna wadannan tukwane tare da translucent celadon glaze, wuraren da ke zube zasu bayyana launin shuɗi ya bambanta da koren duhu ko kuma jan ƙarfe na kayan ruwan jirgi. Saboda tukunyar da aka girka, da kayan kwalliyar da aka yiwa kwalliyar kwalliya kuma aka kunna su a wani babban zazzabi, suna wakiltar wani yanki mai ban sha'awa na Gwari na gargajiya da kuma tukunyar studio ta yamma. [9] An lullube tukunyar Ladi Kwali wacce aka yishi a cikin yumbu mai kayan dutse, wanda aka yiwa ado da kayan laushi kuma aka kunna shi da duhu mai tsananin haske. Ga masu kallo na yamma da masu tattarawa, tsananin duhu ya kasance misali ne ga tukwane "Africanness."
Daga al'adunta na al'adun gargajiya, inda mata suka kasance masu alhakin tukwane, tukwannin Ladi Kwali ya zama "kayan fasaha".[10] An nuna tukwanen Ladi Kwali a cikin nunin nunin kasa da kasa na tukunyar Abuja a cikin 1958, 1959, da 1962, wanda Cardew ya shirya. A shekarar 1961, Kwali ya ba da zanga-zanga a Royal College, Farnham, da Wenford Bridge a Burtaniya. Ta kuma ba da zanga-zanga a Faransa da Jamus a cikin wannan lokacin. A shekarar 1972, ta je Amurka tare da Cardew. An nuna aikinta ga babban yabo a London a Zauren Berkeley.[11] An sake sanya sunan Pottery na Abuja ne a Ladi Kwali Pottery a farkon shekarun 1980.
Kyauta
gyara sasheAn baiwa Kwali lambar kamfani na MBE ( Member of the Order of the British Empire ) a shekarar 1962.[12] A shekarar 1977, aka ba ta karatun digiri na girmamawa daga jami’ar Ahmadu Bello da ke Zariya. A 1980, Gwamnatin Nijeriya (daga Ofishin Majalisar Tarayya na Tarayyar Nijeriya ) ta sanya hannun jari tare da ita da ignarfin Nationalarfin Dokar Najeriyar ta Najeriya (NNOM), [13] babbar darajar ƙasa don cin nasarar ilimi. Ta kuma samu cikin kasa girmamawa ga Jami'in na Order na Nijar (OON) a 1981. Ta hoto ya bayyana a baya na Nijeriya N20 Naira doka. Wani babban titi a Abuja ana kiransa Ladi Kwali Road. Otal ɗin Sheraton yana da Cibiyar Taro ta Ladi Kwali, ɗaya daga cikin manyan wuraren taruka a Abuja tare da ɗakunan taro goma da kuma ɗakunan ƙwallon huɗu.[14]
An haife ta a garin Kwali a bangaren Gwari a Arewacin Nigeria. A lokacin kira shine mafi yawan aikin mata. Ladi Kwali ta koyi kira na laka tun tana yarinya. Tana hada tukwane da abubuwan diban ruwa kamar su randa.
Daukaka
gyara sasheLadi Kwali ta hadu da Cardew wani bature sani kai kayanta da akai gidan Sarautar Abuja. Cardew ya dauke ta tayi aiki a wajen koyarda kira nashi wanda ake kira ‘Cardew Training Centre Abuja’. Ta hanyar haduwa da cardew ne aka san aikin Ladi Kwali a Ingila, America da Urof gaba daya. An baiwa Ladi Kwali lambar girmamawa na tabe a shekarar 1963 kuma an bata kyautar dacta. An sanya wajen kira sunanta kuma wasu layuka a cikin Abuja suna amsa sunan Ladi Kwali.
Bibiliyo
gyara sashe- Kabir, Hajara Muhammad,. Northern women development. [Nigeria]. ISBN 978-978-906-469-4. OCLC 890820657.
Manazarta
gyara sashe- ↑ "15 Facts about Ladi Kwali: The Pottery Woman on N20 Note - ThisTrend Blog". 2017-03-17. Archived from the original on 2017-03-17. Cite has empty unknown parameter:
|1=(help) - ↑ Vincentelli, Moira (2000). Women and Ceramics: Gendered Vessels. Manchester, UK: Manchester University Press. pp. 58–76. ISBN 978-0719038402.
- ↑ Cardew, Michael (April 1972). "Ladi Kwali: The Potter from England Writes on the Potter from Africa". Craft Horizons (32): 34–37.
- ↑ Slye, Jonathon (October 1966). "Abuja Stoneware". Ceramics Monthly: 12–16.
- ↑ Thompson, Barbara (6 February 2007). "Namsifueli Nyeki: A Tanzanian Potter Extraordinaire". African Arts. 40 (1): 54–63. doi:10.1162/afar.2007.40.1.54. ISSN 0001-9933.
- ↑ "History of Ladi Kwali, the Famous Nigerian Potter". Abuja Facts. 8 February 2015. Archived from the original on 7 January 2016. Retrieved 18 January 2016. Cite has empty unknown parameter:
|1=(help) - ↑ Okunna, E. (1 January 2012). "Living through two pottery traditions and the story of an icon: Ladi Kwali". Mgbakoigba: Journal of African Studies. 1. ISSN 2346-7126.
- ↑ Ladi Kwali, Nigerian Potter Cite has empty unknown parameter:
|1=(help) - ↑ Ladi Kwali – http://www.studiopottery.com/cgi-bin/mp.cgi?item=251
- ↑ Reed, Lucy (1 January 2002). "Review of Women and Ceramics: Gendered Vessels". Studies in the Decorative Arts. 9 (2): 159–163. doi:10.1086/studdecoarts.9.2.40663018. JSTOR 40663018.
- ↑ Archive, Aberystwyth Ceramics Collection and. "Ladi KWALI (Nigeria) The Ceramic Collection Ceramic Collection and Archive – Aberystwyth University of Wales 27 March 2016". ceramics-aberystwyth.com. Archived from the original on 7 April 2016. Retrieved 27 March 2016. Cite has empty unknown parameter:
|1=(help) - ↑ "Supplement to the London Gazette". 25 May 1962. Cite has empty unknown parameter:
|1=(help) - ↑ "Nigerian National Order Of Merit Award", Frontiers News, 5 December 2013.
- ↑ "History of Ladi Kwali, the Famous Nigerian Potter | Abuja Facts". www.abujafacts.ng. Archived from the original on 7 January 2016. Retrieved 27 March 2016. Cite has empty unknown parameter:
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