Malcolm X
Malcolm X ko el-Hajj Malik el-Shabazz (الحاجّ مالك الشباز) ya canja suna bayan ya musulunta. Yarayu daga shekara ta alif 1925 izuwa shekara ta 1965 ya kasance ba Amurike dan'asalin Afirka, wanda ya Musulunta, kuma mai rajin kare hakkin dan' Adam. An bayyana shi a matsayin wani wanda baida tsoro wurin karewa da nemawa yan'asalin Afirka mazauna Amurka hakkinsu, mutum ne daya kalubalanci farar fata a kasar Amurka da tsauraren kalamai akan cutarwar da sukewa bakar fata. Ana ganinsa daya daga cikin manyan yan'Afirka mazauna Amurka dasuka kasance masu ilimi wurin zance da janhankalin al'umma a tarihi.
 Malcolm X | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Rayuwa | |
| Cikakken suna | Malcolm Little |
| Haihuwa |
Omaha (en)  , 19 Mayu 1925 |
| ƙasa | Tarayyar Amurka |
| Ƙabila | Afirkawan Amurka |
| Harshen uwa | Turanci |
| Mutuwa |
Manhattan (mul) da New York, 21 ga Faburairu, 1965 |
| Makwanci |
Ferncliff Cemetery (en) |
| Yanayin mutuwa |
kisan kai (gunshot wound (en) ) |
| Ƴan uwa | |
| Mahaifi | Earl Little |
| Mahaifiya | Louise Little |
| Abokiyar zama |
Betty Shabazz (en) (1958 - |
| Yara |
view
|
| Ahali |
Reginald Little (en) da Ella Little-Collins (en) |
| Karatu | |
| Harsuna | Turanci |
| Sana'a | |
| Sana'a |
ɗan siyasa, autobiographer (en) , political activist (en) , Mai kare ƴancin ɗan'adam, Muslim minister (en) da Liman |
|
Mahalarcin
| |
| Kyaututtuka |
gani
|
| Sunan mahaifi | Malachi Shabazz |
| Imani | |
| Addini |
Musulunci Ƙasar Islama Mabiya Sunnah |
| IMDb | nm0944318 |
 | |
Farkon rayuwa
gyara sashe
An haife shi Malcolm Little a 19 ga watan Mayu a shekara ta 1925 a garin Omaha, Nebraska, dake kasar Amurka, yarasu a watan Febreru 21, shekara ta 1965 (shekaru 39) a garin Manhattan, jihar New York, U.S. Sanadiyar mutuwar sa, Harbi da bindiga, Makwancinsa, Makabartar Ferncliff.
Sunayensa, el-Hajj Malik el-Shabazz (الحاجّ مالك الشباز)
Ayyuka
gyara sasheShugaba, Mai rajin hakkin dan' Adam, Ya Samar da Kungiyar Muslim Mosque, Inc.Organization of Afro-American Unity Movement Black nationalism, da kungiyar Pan-Africanism
Matarsa itace, Betty Shabazz sunyi aure a shekara ta 1958.
Ya'ya
gyara sashe- Attallah Shabazz
- Qubilah Shabazz
- Ilyasah Shabazz
- Gamilah Lumumba Shabazz
- Malikah Shabazz
- Malaak Shabazz
Mahaifinsa Earl Little da mahaifiyarsa Louise Helen Norton Little.
Zaman al'ummar Musulunci
gyara sasheKurkuku
gyara sasheLokacin da Malcolm yake kurkuku, ya sadu da wani ɗan ƙarami John Bembry, [1] mutum ne mai ilimin kansa wanda daga baya zai kwatanta shi da "mutumin na farko da na taɓa ganin yana ba da umarni gabaɗayan girmamawa. ... da kalmomi." [2] Karkashin tasirin Bembry, Malcolm ya sami sha'awar karatu. [3]
A wannan lokacin, da yawa daga cikin 'yan uwansa sun rubuta masa game da al'ummar Islama, wani sabon motsi na addini yana wa'azin dogaro da kai na Baƙar fata da kuma, a ƙarshe, komawar mazaunan Afirka zuwa Afirka, inda za su sami 'yanci daga Amurkawa da Bature. mulki. [4] Ya nuna sha'awa sosai da farko, amma bayan ɗan'uwansa Reginald ya rubuta a cikin 1948, "Malcolm, kada ku ci naman alade kuma kada ku ƙara shan taba. Zan nuna muku yadda za ku fita daga kurkuku", [5] ya bar shan taba kuma ya fara ƙin naman alade. [6]
Bayan wata ziyara da Reginald ya bayyana koyarwar kungiyar, gami da imani cewa fararen fata shaidanu ne, Malcolm ya kammala cewa duk wata alaka da yake da ita da farar fata ta lalace ta hanyar rashin gaskiya, rashin adalci, kwadayi, da kiyayya. [7] Malcolm, wanda ƙiyayyarsa ga Kiristanci ta sa aka yi masa lakabin "Shaiɗan," [8] ya zama mai karɓar saƙon al'ummar Islama.
A ƙarshen 1948, Malcolm ya rubuta wa Iliya Muhammad, shugaban al'ummar Islama. Muhammadu ya shawarce shi da ya bar abin da ya gabata, cikin tawali'u da addu'a ga Allah, kuma ya yi alƙawarin ba zai sake shiga halin ɓarna ba. [9] Ko da yake daga baya ya tuna gwagwarmayar ciki da ya yi kafin ya durƙusa ya yi addu'a, [10] Malcolm ba da daɗewa ba ya zama memba na al'ummar Islama, [9] yana riƙe da rubutu akai-akai tare da Muhammadu. [11]
Karshen rayuwa
gyara sasheAn kashe mahaifinsa a lokacin yana da shekara shida (6) da haihuwa, sannan mahaifiyarsa an sanyata a asibitin jinyan kwakwalwa lokacin yanada shekara sha'uku (13), Sannan ne yayi rayuwa a gidajen rainon yara, a shekara ta 1946, shekaru 20, an kaishi gidan yari akan dauke-dauke ananne yasamu haduwa da kungiyar Nation of Islam (NOI), ya chanja sunansa daga Malcolm Little to Malcolm X saboda cewarsa, Little sunane na farar fata wanda suka sanya wa iyayensa shiyasa bazai yi amfani da sunan ba. Bayan ya fita daga fursuna a shekara ta 1952, yazamanto shugaba a kungiyar Nation of Islam, kuma shahararren mai jawabin kungiyar.
A shekarar ta 1964, Malcolm X yasamu matsala da Nation of Islam musamman shugabanta Elijah Muhammad. Inda ya bayyana danasanin zamansa a kungiyar ya koma bin asalin addinin musulunci mai bin Sunnah Islam. Bayan tafiye tafiyensa zuwa kasashen Afirka da zuwarsa Hajji sai ya dawo da amfani da sunansa na musulunci el-Hajj Malik el-Shabazz. Ya tabbatar da rashin goyon bayansa akan wariya ko wata iri ce, sannan ya samar da kungiyar Muslim Mosque, Inc. da kungiyar Organization of Afro-American Unity (kungiyar hadinkan Yan'Afirka). Ya cigaba da tabbatar da rajin yan'Afirka, yancin bakar fata, samun mutuncin kan bakar fata da kariyarsa.
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A watan Febreru 21, 1965 aka kashe Malcolm yayin dayake gabatar da jawabi a dakin taro na Ballroom dake jihar New York, yan kungiyar Nation of Islam ne uku aka kama da zargin kisan wadanda daga baya suka tuba, kuma suka bar kungiyar suka koma sunni Islam.
Manazarta
gyara sashe- ↑ Natambu 2002.
- ↑ Malcolm X, Autobiography, p. 178; ellipsis in original.
- ↑ Perry 1991.
- ↑ Natambu 2002
- ↑ Natambu 2002.
- ↑ Perry 1991.
- ↑ Natambu 2002.
- ↑ Perry 1991.
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 Natambu 2002
- ↑ Malcolm X 1992.
- ↑ Perry 1991.