Ƙungiyar Kare Haƙƙin Ɗan Adam

Ƙungiyar Kare Haƙƙin Bil'adama, ƙungiya ce ta zamantakewar al'umma a Amurka wacce ke ƙoƙarin samun 'yanci dai-dai na Baƙin Amurkawa. Ƙungiyar ta shahara saboda amfani da zanga -zangar rashin ƙarfi da rashin biyayya jama'a (cikin lumana ƙi bin dokokin rashin adalci). Masu gwagwarmaya sunyi amfani da dabaru kamar ƙauracewa, zama, da zanga-zangar nuna rashin amincewa. Wasu lokuta 'yan sanda ko fararen fata masu wariyar launin fata za su kawo musu hari, amma masu gwagwarmaya ba su yi yaƙi ba.

Ƙungiyar Kare Haƙƙin Ɗan Adam
civil rights movement (en) da black movement (en)
Bayanai
Ƙaramin ɓangare na	political movement (en)
Bangare na	Tarihin Amurka
Ƙasa	Tarayyar Amurka
Mabiyi	Long Civil Rights Movement (en) da Civil rights movement (1896–1954) (en)
Lokacin farawa	1954
Lokacin gamawa	1968
Set in period (en)	Civil Rights era (en)
In opposition to (en)	racial segregation in the United States (en) , Racism in the United States da disfranchisement (en)

Koyaya, ƙungiyar Kare Haƙƙin Bil'adama ta ƙunshi mutane da ƙungiyoyi daban-daban. Ba kowa ya yi imani da abubuwa iri ɗaya ba. Misali, ƙungiyar Baƙin Baki ta yi imanin cewa baƙar fata ya kamata su nemi haƙƙinsu na ɗan ƙasa kuma su tilasta wa shugabannin farar fata su ba su waɗannan haƙƙoƙin.

Ƙungiyar Kare Haƙƙin ɗan Adam kuma an yi ta daga mutane daga kabilu da addinai daban-daban. Shugabannin Harkar da yawancin masu gwagwarmaya sun kasance Ba'amurke Ba'amurke. Koyaya, kuma Ƙungiyar ta sami tallafin siyasa da na kudi daga kungiyoyin kwadago, ƙungiyoyin addinai, da wasu ‘yan siyasa farar fata, kamar Lyndon B. Johnson . Masu fafutuka daga kowane jinsi sun zo don haɗuwa da Ba-Amurkan na Amurka a cikin jerin gwano, zama, da zanga-zanga.

Ƙungiyar Kare Haƙƙin Bil'adama ta sami nasara sosai. Ya taimaka wajen samar da dokokin tarayya biyar da gyare-gyare biyu ga Kundin Tsarin Mulki . Waɗannan a hukumance sun kiyaye haƙƙin Baƙin Afirka. Hakan kuma ya taimaka sauya halayen fararen fata da yawa game da yadda aka bi da bakar fata da kuma haƙƙin da ya cancanta.

Kafin Ƙungiyar Kare Haƙƙin Bil'adama

Majalisar Wakilai na murna bayan zartar da Kwaskwarimar ta 13 .

Kafin yaƙin basasan Amurka , akwai kusan bayi bakar fata miliyan hudu a Amurka. Farar fata kawai waɗanda ke da dukiya za su iya yin zaɓe, kuma fararen fata ne kawai za su iya zama 'yan ƙasar Amurka.

Hotuna

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  1865 Cartoons game da yadda bakake suka yi aiki a yakin basasa da yhus yakamata su iya jefa kuri'a
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  Foton kamfen mai nuna wariyar launin fata (1866). Tana fadawa mutane su zabi mutumin da ba zai goyi bayan hakkin jama'a ba
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  'Yan kungiyar farar hula sun kashe baƙaƙe 62 – 153 a kisan kiyashin Colfax a Louisiana (1873)
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  Cartoons daga 1904 wanda ke nuna yadda ba a yiwa baƙaƙen fata daidai ba a ƙarƙashin "Jim Crow"
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  KKK ta yi amfani da ta'addanci don hana baƙar fata amfani da Haƙƙinsu ko faɗa don ƙarin
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  Magana daga Woodrow Wilson da aka yi amfani da shi a fim ɗin wariyar launin fata Haihuwar (asa (1915). Sanarwar ta ce KKK za ta ceci Kudu daga bakaken fata
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  Lynching na Ba'amurke Ba'amurke shida a Georgia (1916)
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  Lynchings shima ya faru a arewa. Wannan katin wasika yana nuna yadda ake yin layi a Minnesota (1920)
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  Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na daban don baƙar fata a Mississippi (1937)
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  Wani baƙar fata ya sha ruwa daga ruwan sha mai "launuka" a cikin garin Oklahoma (1939)
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  A baki Soja sanda (MP) a gaban wani "canza launin" MP ƙofar a Jojiya (1942)
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  rarrabuwa kuma ya faru a Arewa. Wannan alamar daga Detroit ce (1942)

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  Membobin NAACP, gami da Thurgood Marshall (a dama), sun ci Brown
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  Kotun koli mai launin fata wacce ta yanke hukuncin hana wariyar makaranta
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  Kofa a gidan kayan tarihin Brown . Kofar tana nuna alamun "Masu Launi" da "Fari" na rarrabuwa
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  Blackaliban baƙi da fari sun haɗu bayan Brown a Washington, DC
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  Marshals na Amurka suna kare Ruby Bridges mai shekaru 6, baƙar fata kaɗai a cikin makarantar Louisiana

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  Ana yatsan Rosa Parks bayan an kama ta
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  Motar bas din Rosa Parks tana hawa lokacin da ta ki barin wurin zama
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  Shaidun kotu da ke nuna inda Parks ke zaune a cikin bas din
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  Rahoton 'yan sanda kan Parks, yana bayyana ta " laifi "

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  Membobin MFDP a Babban taron Ƙasa na Dattawa na 1964 (DNC)
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  Masu zanga-zangar a DNC suna riƙe da alamomi da ke nuna mutane uku da aka kashe masu rajin 'Yancin bazarar
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  Membobin Ku Klux Klan waɗanda wani ɓangare ne na makarkashiyar kashe masu fafutuka
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  Sheriff Lawrence Rainey, wanda yana daga cikin makarkashiyar, an kai shi kotu
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  Alamar girmamawa ga masu gwagwarmaya uku da aka kashe

Dokar 'Yancin Dan Adam ta 1964

Shawarar da John F. Kennedy ya gabatar game da dokar kare Haƙƙin jama'a na da goyon baya daga mambobin Majalisar Wakilai na Arewa - na Democrats da na Republican. Koyaya, Sanatocin Kudancin sun hana dokar da aka ba da shawarar wucewa. Su filibustered for 54 days don toshe da doka daga zama doka. A ƙarshe, Shugaba Lyndon B. Johnson ya sami lissafin amincewa.

Tsarin gidaje masu kyau (1966-1968)

Daga shekara 5 1966 zuwa shekara ta 1968, ƙungiyoyin kare haƙƙin jama'a sun mai da hankali sosai kan gidaje masu kyau. Ko da a wajen Kudu, samar da gidaje daidai ya zama matsala. Misali, a cikin shekara ta1963, California ta zartar da Dokar Gidaje Mai Kyawu wanda ya sanya rarrabuwa a cikin gidaje ya zama doka. Fararrun masu jefa kuri'a da masu ba da gudummawar kadarori sun sami dokar ta sauya shekara mai zuwa. Wannan ya taimaka wajen haifar da Tarzomar Watts . (Daga baya, a cikin shekara ta 1966, California ta sake gabatar da Dokar Gidaje Mai Kyau ta zama doka. )

Shugaba Lyndon Johnson da Dr. King suna magana game da gidaje masu kyau a cikin shekara ta 1966

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  Mutum-mutumi na ma'aikatan tsabtace muhalli a yajin aiki
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  Motar inda aka kashe Sarki (yanzu gidan kayan gargajiya ). Wurin yana nuna wurin da aka harbi Sarki
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  Hoton " FBI da Aka Fi So" ga James Earl Ray, wanda daga baya aka yanke masa hukuncin kisan Sarki
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  Lalacewa ga wani shago daga tarzoma a Washington, DC, bayan kisan Sarki
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  Solid suna tsaye kusa da gine-ginen da tarzoma ta lalata a Washington, DC
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  Ma'aikatan tufafi suna sauraren jana'izar Dr. King ta rediyo
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  Masu zanga-zangar Kamfen na Talakawa a Washington, DC
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  "Tent city" inda masu zanga-zangar suka kwana a Washington, DC