Atiqa bint Zayd
Atika bint Zayd | |
|---|---|
|
عاتکة بنت زيد | |
| Title | Matar Shahidi |
| Personal | |
| Haihuwa |
ʿĀtīḳah bint Zayd ibn ‘Amr ibn Nufayl ibn ‘Abd al-‘Uzzā ibn Rāz ibn ‘Adiyy ibn Ka‘ab ibn Lu’ayy ibn Ghālib ibn Fihr ibn Mālik c. 600 |
| Mutuwa |
c. 672 Medina, Hejaz, Umayyad Caliphate (present-day KSA) |
| Makwanci | Medina |
| Addini | Islam |
| Spouse |
|
| Yara | ʿIyāḍ ibn ʿUmar |
| Iyaye |
|
| Era | Early Islamic period |
| An san shi da | Sahabiyah of Muhammad |
| Sana'a | Poet, scholar |
| Dangi |
|
Atika bint Zayd al-Adawiyya (Larabci: عاتكة بنت زيد) malamar addinin musulunci kuma mawakiya. Ita ce sahabiyar Annabi Muhammadu. Ta kasance daya daga cikin matan Umar bn al-Khattab, Halifa na biyu. Mawaƙiya ce da ta yi fice wajen auren mazajen musulmi da suka rasu a matsayin shaheedai.
Rayuwa ta farko
gyara sasheIta 'diyar Zayd ibn Amr ce, memba na dangin Adi na Quraysh a Makka, da kuma Umm Kurz Safiya bint al-Hadrami . [1]::186 [2] Sa'id ibn Zayd ɗan'uwanta ne.[3]::296 [2] An kashe mahaifinsu a cikin shekara ta 605.[4]:102–103
Wataƙila Atika tana yarinya a lokacin da Annabi Muhammadu ya bayyana kansa a matsayin annabi a cikin 610 . [4]::281 Sa'id ya kasance daga cikin masu Musulunta na farko, [1]::116 ::299 kuma Atika ta zama Musulma ma.[4][3]:186
Rayuwa ta mutum
gyara sasheAtika ta yi aure sau da yawa a rayuwarta.
Aurenta na farko
gyara sasheMijinta na farko shi ne dan uwanta, Zayd ibn al-Khattab, wanda ya fi girmeta da shekaru ashirin.[2] Ya kuma kasance Musulmi, [1]::294 kuma mai yiwuwa a cikin tarayya dashi ne Atika ta shiga cikin ƙaura zuwa Madina a cikin shekara ta 622.[3]:186[2]
Wannan auren a bayyane ya ƙare da Sakin aure, domin Atika ta riga ta sake yin aure a lokacin mutuwar Zayd a Yaƙin Yamama a watan Disamba na shekara ta 632.[2]
Aurenta na biyu
gyara sasheMijinta na biyu shi ne Abdullah ibn Abi Bakr . [1]::186 ::101 An kuma ce Abdullah ya yi biyayya ga hukuncin Atika kuma ya shafe lokaci mai tsawo tare da ita har ya kasance aiki ya mishi yawa sosain da bazai yi yaƙi a cikin sojojin Musulunci ba. [2] [5][6]
Saki
gyara sasheAbu Bakr ya hukunta ɗansa ta hanyar umarni da ya bashi da ya sake ta.[2][6] Koyaya, Al-Baladhuri ya ce dalilin da ya sa Abu Bakr ya ba da umarnin saki shi ne saboda Atika ba ta da kyau.[7]::267 Abdullah ya yi kamar yadda aka gaya masa amma ya yi baƙin ciki. Ya rubuta mata waka: [2][6]
Ban taba sanin namiji irina ya saki mace irinta ba.
ko wata mace irinta da aka sake ta ba don kan ta ba.[2]
A ƙarshe an ba Abdullah damar dawo da Atika kafin a kammala Iddarta.[2][6]:87
Mutuwar Annabi Muhammadu
gyara sasheLokacin da Annabi Muhammadu ya rasu a shekara ta 632, Atika ta rubuta masa waƙar yabo.
Rakumansa sun kasance ba kowa tun maraice.
ya kasance yana hawansu kuma shi ne qawarsu.
Tun da yamma nake kuka ga sarki.
hawaye kuwa suna ta zuba a jere.
Matan naki har yanzu suna kwance a kan gado
saboda bakin ciki da ke kara girma lokaci bayan lokaci;
Sun koma fari kamar jallabiya
wanda ya zama mara amfani kuma ya canza launi;
suna maganin bakin ciki na yau da kullun
amma ciwon yana ratsa zuciya;
Suna dukan kyawawan fuskokinsu da tafin hannunsu
domin abin da ke faruwa ke nan a lokuta irin wannan.
"Ya kasance madalla da zababben shugaba."
Addininsu ya haxu akan gaskiya.
Yaya zan iya rayuwa fiye da Manzo
"Wane ne ya mutu a lokacin sa'a?"'[8]
Mutuwar Abdullah
gyara sasheAbdullah ya ajiye da dukiya mai yawa a kan Atika a kan sharadin cewa ba za ta sake yin aure ba bayan mutuwarsa.[1]::186 [2]::267 Ya mutu a Madina a watan Janairun shekara ta 633 daga tsohon rauni da ya samu a Siege of Ta'if.[9][7][10]: 76 [2] Atika ta rubuta masa waƙoƙi.
Ta ki amincewa da masu neman aure da yawa a cikin watanni.[1]:186[9]
Aurenta na uku
gyara sasheSoyayya
gyara sasheUmar, KHalifa na biyu kuma dan uwan Atika na farko, ya gaya mata cewa bai dace ba tana da damar yin aure, "ta musanta wa kanka abin da Allah ya ba da izini".[1][2]
Alkawarin da ya rushe
gyara sasheBayan Umar ya zama Khalifa, : 70 lokacin da Aisha ta san cewa Atika ta karya alkawarinta na rashin aure, sai ta aiko mata da sako:[11]
"Na yi alkawari cewa idona ba zai gushe ba ya bushe a gare ku ba."
"kuma fatata za ta zama rawaya tare da rini."
Maido mana dukiyarmu!"[7]: 267-268 Lokacin da Ali ya karanta musu wannan waka, Umar ya gaya wa Atika ya dawo da ƙasar.[1]::187 [2] ::268 Ya daidaita daidai adadin kuɗi a kanta, wanda ta rarraba a cikin sadaka don yafe wa Abd Allah karya alkawarinta.[7]-ref reference" data-cx="{}" data-mw='{"name":"ref","attrs":{"name":"Shuraydi"}}' id="cite_ref-Shuraydi_7-4" rel="dc:references" typeof="mw:Extension/ref">[./Atiqa_bint_Zayd#cite_note-Shuraydi-7 [7]]:267
Rayuwar aure
gyara sasheDaga aurenta da Umar, Atika ta haifi ɗa mai suna Iyad . [3]:204
Atika ta kasance tana neman izinin Umar don halartar addu'o'in jama'a a masallacin. Umar ya fi son matansa su kasance a gida kuma ya nuna rashin jin dadinsa da shiru. Atika ta gaya masa cewa ba za ta daina neman izini ba, kuma za ta je masallacin sai dai idan ya hana ta musamman. Ya kasance shiru, watakila saboda ba zai iya hana wani abu da Annabi Muhammadu ya ba da izini ba, don haka Atika ya ci gaba da halarta.[12][1]:188–189[2][13]
Mutuwar Umar
gyara sasheTa kasance a Masallacin lokacin da aka kashe Umar a cikin a watan Nuwamba shekara ta 644. [3]::285 [13] Ta rubuta masa waƙoƙi.
Iya! bari hawayenki da kuka su yawaita
kuma kada ka gajiya - a kan shugaba mai daraja.
Mutuwa ta shafe ni a faɗuwar mahaya
Ya bambanta a ranar yaƙi...[10]:152
Mai tausayin na kusa da shi, masu tsananin gaba da makiyansa.
wani wanda zai aminta da lokacin rashin sa'a da amsa,
Duk lokacin da ya fadi maganarsa, to ayyukansa ba su karyata maganarsa.
Mai gaggawar zuwa ga ayyuka na gari, kuma ba tare da yamutsi ba.[5]:130
Aurenta na huɗu
gyara sasheSoyayya
gyara sasheBayan mutuwar Umar, Atika ta auri Zubayr ibn al-Awwam.[5]::101 Ta sanya shi a matsayin yanayin kwangilar aurensu cewa ba zai doke ta ba, cewa zai ci gaba da ba ta damar ziyartar masallacin da yake so kuma ba zai hana "kowane hakkokinta ba".[2][6]:88[9]
Mutuwar Zubayr
gyara sasheAn kashe Zubayr a Yaƙin Raƙumi a watan Disamba na shekara ta 656. [3]: 83-86 Atika kuma ya rubuta masa waƙar yabo.
Da za a tashe shi, da an same shi.
ba girgiza zuciya ko hannu ba.
Za ka yi sa'a ka sami wani irinsa
daga cikin wadanda suka rage, masu zuwa su tafi...
"Idan kun kashe musulmi, to dole ne ku fuskanci hukuncin kisa."'[14]
A wannan lokacin ne mutane suka fara cewa: "Duk wani mutumin da yake so ya zama shahidi ya auri Atika bint Zayd!" : 89[6]:89
Bayan haka, Khalifa na huɗu na Musulunci Ali da kansa ya nemi aurenta, amma ta gaya masa, "Ba zan so ka mutu ba, Ya dan uwan Annabi. " ::268 Duk da haka, Ali ya ƙare ya mutu shaheedi duk da haka, wanda ya canza ta da ra'ayoyin mutane.[7]
Aurenta na ƙarshe
gyara sasheMijin Atika na biyar kuma na karshe shi ne dan Ali, Husayn, wanda ta girmeshi da shekara ashirin. An kuma dauke shi shahidi saboda an kashe shi a Yaƙin Karbala a watan Oktoba na shekara ta 680; : 89 ::268 Koyaya, Atika a bayyane ya riga ta mutu.[6][9][7]
Mutuwarta
gyara sasheAtika ya mutu a shekara ta 672 a lokacin mulkin Umayyad Khalifa Mu'awiya I.[9]
Bayanan da aka ambata
gyara sashe- ↑ 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.08 1.09 Muhammad ibn Saad. Kitab al-Tabaqat al-Kabir vol. 8. Translated by Bewley, A. (1995). The Women of Madina. London: Ta-Ha Publishers.
- ↑ 2.00 2.01 2.02 2.03 2.04 2.05 2.06 2.07 2.08 2.09 2.10 2.11 2.12 2.13 2.14 2.15 Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani. Al-Isaba fi tamyiz al-Sahaba vol. 8 #11448.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 Muhammad ibn Saad. Kitab al-Tabaqat al-Kabir vol. 3. Translated by Bewley, A. (2013). The Companions of Badr. London: Ta-Ha Publishers.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Muhammad ibn Ishaq. Sirat Rasul Allah. Translated by Guillaume, A. (1955). The Life of Muhammad. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Muhammad ibn Jarir al-Tabari. Tarikh al-Rusul wa'l-Muluk. Translated by Smith, G. R. (1994). Volume 14: The Conquest of Iran. Albany: State University of New York Press.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 6.6 Abbott, N. (1942). Aishah - the Beloved of Mohammed. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.5 7.6 Shuraydi, H. (2014). The Raven and the Falcon: Youth versus Old Age in Medieval Arabic Literature. Leiden: Brill.
- ↑ Muhammad ibn Saad. Kitab al-Tabaqat al-Kabir vol. 2. Translated by Haq, S. M. (1972). Ibn Sa'd's Kitab al-Tabaqat al-Kabir Volume II Parts I & II, p. 430. Delhi: Kitab Bhavan.
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 Ahmed, L. (1992). Women and Gender in Islam: Historical Roots of a Modern Debate, p. 76. New Haven & London: Yale University Press.
- ↑ 10.0 10.1 Jalal al-Din al-Suyuti. History of the Caliphs. Translated by Jarrett, H. S. (1881). Calcutta: The Asiatic Society.
- ↑ Muhammad ibn Jarir al-Tabari. Tarikh al Rusual wa'l-Muluk. Translated by Blankinship, K. Y. (1993). Volume 11: The Challenge to the Empires. Albany: State University of New York Press.
- ↑ Malik ibn Anas. Muwatta 14:14.
- ↑ 13.0 13.1 Holmes Katz, M. (2013). Prayer in Islamic Thought and Practice, p. 191. New York: Cambridge University Press.
- ↑ Sallabi, A. H. (2010). Biography of Ali Ibn Abi-Talib: A Comprehensive Study of His Personality and Era, volume 2, p. 88. Riyadh: Darussalam.