Yakin Yamama

An yi Yakin Yamama a watan Disamba na 632 a matsayin wani bangare na Yakin Ridda don yaki da tawaye a cikin Khalifancin Rashidun a yankin Al-Yamama (a Saudi Arabia na yanzu) tsakanin sojojin Abu Bakr da Musaylimah, mai kiran kansa. annabi.

Yakin Yamama

24°53′12″N 46°27′24″E
Iri	faɗa
Bangare na	Yaƙe -yaƙe Ridda
Kwanan watan	632
Wuri	Al-Yamama (en)

Bayan Fage

Bayan rasuwar annabin musulunci Muhammad, kabilun larabawa da yawa sun yi tawaye ga Jihar Madina. Halifa Abu Bakr ya shirya runduna 11 don tunkarar 'yan tawayen. Abubakar ya nada Ikrimah a matsayin kwamandan daya daga cikin masu yi wa ƙasa hidima. Umarnin Ikrimah shi ne su ci gaba da tuntubar sojojin Musaylimah a Yamamah, amma kada su shiga yaki da shi. Ikrimah ba ta da isassun dakaru don kai hari ga maƙiyin da ya fi yawa. An kuma zabi Khalid bn al-Walid ne don ya jagoranci sojojin da ke adawa da Musaylima bayan ya yi mu'amala da sauran kananan ridda. Nufin Abubakar na bai wa Ikrimah wannan aikin shi ne daure Musaylimah a Yamamah. Tare da Ikrimah a sararin sama, Musaylimah zai ci gaba da tsammanin farmaki don haka ba zai iya barin sansaninsa ba. Da Musaylimah ya himmatu sosai, Khalid zai sami 'yanci don magance' yan tawayen Arewa ta Tsakiya ba tare da tsangwama daga Yamamah ba. Ikrimah ya ci gaba da gawarsa ya kafa sansani a wani wuri a yankin Yamamah.

Ba a san inda sansanin nasa yake ba. Daga wannan sansanin ya ci gaba da lura da sojojin Bani Hanifa yayin da yake jiran umarni daga Halifa, kuma kasancewar Ikrimah yana da tasirin da ake so na ajiye Musaylimah a Yamamah.

An kawo nassi na gaba kai tsaye daga kuma an rubuta shi cikin sigar almara ko almara tare da dabi'a shine a karshe. Lokacin da Ikrimah ya sami rahotannin da Khalid ya ci Tulayha, sai ya fara rashin hakuri don yaki. Ikrimah mutum ne mara tsoro kuma janar mai karfi, amma ba shi da kyakkyawan hukunci da hakurin Khalid - halayen da ke bambanta m komanda da mai saurin fushi. Ci gaba na gaba da Ikrimah ya ji shi ne cewa Shurahbil bn Hasana yana tafiya don ya bi shi. Shurahbil shima Halifa ya ba shi gawa tare da umurnin bin Ikrimah, da jiran Karin umarni. A cikin 'yan kwanaki, Shurahbil zai kasance tare da shi. Sannan labari ya zo game da yadda Khalid ya fatattaki sojojin Salma, shugaban sarauniyar mutane. Ikrimah ba zai iya jira ba kuma, ya sanya gawarsa cikin motsi. Wannan ya faru ne a karshen Oktoba 632 (karshen Rajab, 11 Hijiriyya). Musaylimah ya kayar da shi. Ya rubuta wa Abubakar ya ba shi cikakken bayanin ayyukansa. Abu Bakr ya ji haushi kuma ya fusata saboda saurin Ikrimah da rashin biyayya ga umarnin da aka ba shi. Abubakar ya umarce shi da ya yi tattaki zuwa Mahra don taimakawa Arfaja sannan daga baya ya tafi Yemen don taimakawa Muhajir. Shurahbil ya kasance a yankin Yamamah. Don tabbatar da cewa bai fada cikin kuskuren Ikrimah ba, Abubakar ya rubuta masa cewa: "Ka tsaya a inda kake ka jira karin umarni."

Halifa ya aika a kira Khalid ya ba shi aikin rusa sojojin Musaylimah a Yamamah. Baya ga manyan gawarwakinsa, Khalid zai kasance a karkashin gawar Shurahbil. Khalid ya hau zuwa Butah inda tsoffin gawarsa ke jiransa. A halin yanzu, Halifa ya rubuta wa Shurahbil cewa ya yi aiki a karkashin umarnin Khalid ibn al-Walid. Kwanaki kadan kafin zuwan Khalid Shurahbil ya fadi irin jarabawar da Ikrimah ta yi; ya ci gaba ya yi karo da Musaylimah, amma ya ci nasara. Khalid ya sami labari cewa Musaylimah ya yi zango a filin Aqraba tare da runduna ta mayaka 40,000. Ayyukan nasara guda biyu wadanda suka yi yaki da Ikrimah da Shurahbil sun Kara amincewa da kansu kuma sun haifar da yanayin rashin nasara a kusa da Musaylimah.

Yajin Musulmi Na Biyu

Bisa umarnin Khalid, Musulmai sun cigaba. Sun ƙaddamar da jerin hare -hare ta gaba dayansu. Mummunan kisan da aka yi ya faru ne a cikin ramin da jinin dan adam ke gudana a cikin rivulet har zuwa wadi. A sakamakon haka, wannan gulley ya zama sananne da Gulley na Jini-Shueib-ud-Dam, kuma har yanzu ana kiranta da wannan sunan.

Amma yakin ya rataya a ma'auni. Yayin da lokacin Yakin farko ya Kare, mayakan sun yi ritaya don hutawa.

Sashe na gaba na yaki - wanda aka sani da yajin Musulmi na biyu - yana cike da almara amma daga tatsuniyoyin kawai zamu iya sanin cewa ridda ta ruguje.

Karshen Yakin

Kusan kashi daya cikin hudu na sojojin Musaylimah sun kasance cikin yanayin faɗa, kuma wannan bangaren ya hanzarta zuwa lambun da aka katange yayin da Muhakim (kwamandan bangaren dama) ya rufe ja da baya tare da karamin mai tsaron baya. Ba da dadewa ba Musulmai suka isa lambun da aka katange, inda 'yan tawaye sama da 7,000, Musaylimah daga cikinsu, suka fake. 'Yan tawayen sun rufe kofar. Musulmai sun yi marmarin shiga cikin lambun su gama aikin.

Ba da dadewa ba wani sojan Musulmi Al-Bara' ibn Malik ya nemi 'yan uwansa maza da su bar shi ya hau bango domin ya bude kofar ta kashe masu gadin wurin. Sojan ya shiga cikin lambun ya bude kofar. Musulmai sun shiga lambun kuma an fara kashi na karshe na Yakin Yamamah.

Lambun Mutuwa

'Yan tawayen sun ja da baya yayin da Musulmai ke kwarara cikin lambun. Fadan ya zama mafi muni. Musaylimah har yanzu yana fada: ba shi da niyyar yin kasa. Yayin da gaba ta matsa kusa da shi, ya kuma shiga cikin fada. Kashi na karshe na yakin yanzu ya shiga karshe. Sojojin musulmi sun matsawa 'yan tawayen ko ina. Musaylimah ya zama Wahshi bn Harb (mutumin da ya kashe Hamza, baffan Muhammad, a yakin Uhudu). Ya jefi irin mashin da ya yi amfani da shi wajen kashe Hamza ibn 'Abd al-Muttalib ya bugi Musaylimah a ciki; lokaci na gaba Abu Dujana ya yanke kan Musaylimah. Labarin rasuwar Musaylimah ya kawo rugujewar rundunarsa. Lambun da aka yi wannan yaƙin na karshe ya zama sananne da "Lambun Mutuwa", kamar yadda aka kashe kusan 'yan tawaye 7,000 a cikinta.

Bayan

An murkushe tawayen da ke cikin Halifancin Rashidun.

Tasiri

Yakin ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen zaburar da Abubakar don kammala tattara Alkur'ani. A lokacin rayuwar Muhammadu, bangarorin da yawa na Alkur'anin da aka rubuta sun warwatsa a tsakanin sahabbansa, an rike su a matsayin mallaka ta sirri. Koyaya, kusan huffaz 360 (Musulman da suka haddace Alkur'ani) sun mutu a Yamama. A sakamakon haka, a kan nade -naden wanda zai gaje shi Umar, Abubakar ya ba da umarnin a tattara dukkan bangarorin da suka tsira (inda a kan papyrus, dabino, da sauransu) cikin Alƙur'anin guda daya sannan a kone sauran.

Littafin tarihin

• A.I. Akram, The Sword of Allah: Khalid bin al-Waleed, His Life and Campaigns, Nat. Publishing. House, Rawalpindi (1970) 08033994793.ABA.

Hanyoyin waje

• A.I. Akram, The Sword of Allah: Khalid bin al-Waleed, His Life and Campaigns Lahore, 1969