Abincin Tunisiya

Abinci na Tunisiya, Abincin Tunisiya, ya ƙunshi al'adun dafa abinci, sinadaran, girke-girke da dabarun da aka haɓaka a Tunisiya tun zamanin d ̄ a. Yafi haɗuwa da abincin Bahar Rum da na asalin Berber tare da tasirin Punic. A tarihi, abincin Tunisiya ya ga tasiri da musayar tare da al'adu da kasashe da yawa kamar Italiya, Andalusians, Faransanci da Larabawa.^[1]

Kamar kasashe da yawa a cikin Bahar Rum, abincin Tunisiya ya dogara ne da Man zaitun, kayan yaji, Tumatir, abincin teku da nama. Duk da haka, yana da ɗanɗano na musamman wanda ya bambanta da abincin da ke kewaye da shi.

Asalin

Abincin Tunisiya ya samo asali ne daga Berbers, tsohuwar Carthage, Roma, nasarar Islama ta Maghreb, da Daular Ottoman. Abincin Tunisiya kuma ya sami rinjaye sosai daga Italiyanci (musamman Sicilian). ^[2]

A lokacin Mulkin mallaka na Faransa, Tunisia ta tallata bambancin ta zuwa Babban birnin Faransa ma'ana ta yi wasa da ra'ayoyin Faransanci na "bambanci" (Orientalism) don sayar da kayan mulkin mallaka ga Faransa. Yawancin gidajen cin abinci da ke ba da abinci ga baƙi na duniya ba su ba da ainihin abincin mulkin mallaka ba. An jaddada ban sha'awa da bambanci a maimakon haka a cikin souks da wuraren cin abinci. Mazauna Turai da suka yi tafiya zuwa da kuma daga Faransa sun raba abubuwan da suka faru na abinci tare da manyan Faransanci, amma ainihin abincin Tunisiya bai shiga cikin shahararren Abincin mulkin mallaka na Abincin Faransanci ba.

Abubuwan da aka yi amfani da su

Abincin Asida na Arewacin Afirka shine tarin gurasar alkama da aka dafa, wani lokacin tare da ƙara man shanu ko zuma

Merguez ja ne, ɗan ragon mai ɗanɗano ko sabo na naman sa

shakshouka na kwai da aka yi a Tunisia

Ba kamar sauran abincin Arewacin Afirka ba, abincin Tunisiya yana da ɗanɗano sosai. Wani sanannen kayan yaji da sinadarin da ake amfani da shi sosai a cikin abincin Tunisiya, harissa, cakuda ne na peppers, tafarnuwa, da caraway ko kayan yaji waɗanda ake siyarwa tare a matsayin paste. Yawancin lokaci shine mafi mahimmancin sinadarin a cikin sauces da gravies daban-daban. Harissa na yammaci galibi yana dauke da jan chilies don maye gurbin baƙar fata, wanda ya bambanta da daidaitattun cumin. Sauran kayan yaji na yau da kullun sun haɗa da cumin ko kumin tsaba, tafarnuwa, tsaba na caraway, tsaba da paprika. Kayan girke-girke na sauce ya haɗa da jan chili peppers da tafarnuwa, an ɗanɗano da coriander, cumin, Man zaitun kuma sau da yawa Tumatir.

Kamar harissa ko chili peppers, tumatir paste kuma wani sinadarin da ke cikin abincin Tunisia. Tuna, ƙwai, zaitun da nau'ikan Pasta, hatsi, ganye da kayan yaji suma sinadaran ne waɗanda ake amfani da su sosai a cikin dafa abinci na Tunisia.

Mazauna Turai ne suka gabatar da dankali a farkon karni na 20 kuma sun zama sinadarin da aka saba amfani da shi a cikin salads na gargajiya, sauces da couscous. A shekara ta 1990 daya daga cikin abincin da aka fi sani da shi a gida tare da dankali shine fries na Faransa.

Abubuwan da ake amfani da su a abinci na Tunisia sun hada da abubuwa masu zuwa:

Shirye-shiryen da dandano: harissa, ruwan fure, ruwan orange, ruwan jasmine da ruwan geranium.
Kwai.
Dabbobi na gona: Ɗan rago, ɗan maraƙi, naman sa, raƙumi da kaza.
Kifi da abincin teku: tuna, squid (calamari), octopus, Ankovies, eel, sardines, mackerel, ja snapper, sea bream, sea snails da sea bass.
'Ya'yan itace: lemun tsami, orange, ɓaure, datti, zaitun, apricots, pomegranates da quince.
Shuke-shuke: parsley, Coriander, mint, Basil, rosemary, Oregon, bay leaves da thyme.
Nuts: hazelnuts, almond, chestnuts, pine nuts da peanuts.
Abin ƙanshi: tafarnuwa, Anise, saffron, cinnamon, caraway, Coriander, cumin, fennel, fenugreek, ginger, fari, baki, ja da cloves.
Abincin kayan lambu: albasa, albasa, karoshi, Chickpeas, Tumatir, capers, Celery, turnips, dankali, albasa (Baklouti peppers), cucumbers da eggplants.
Sauran sanannun sinadaran: zuma.

Ojja abinci ne tare da ƙwai, harissa, da kuma tumatir paste

Tunisiyawa kuma suna samar da inabi, alkama, sha'ir da 'ya'yan itace. Da zarar an fermented sun zama ruwan inabi, kamar yadda a Chateau Mornag wanda shine Ruwan inabi na Tunisia, giya (Celtia, Berber ko alamar Stella - yanzu mallakar Heineken na Netherlands), brandy (Bukha - ruwan inabi mai laushi, Thibarine - ruwan inabe, ko wasu giya da aka yi daga pomegranates, dates, Lotus (jujube), carobs ko pears da apple ciders. Ruwan da ke da ƙanshi tare da fure mai duhu ko fure, kamar aguas frescas tare da furanni, an kira su "ƙanshin daga sama".

Tabil, wanda ake kira "tebel," kalma ce a cikin Larabci na Tunisiya wanda ke nufin "saisoning" (kamar adobo a cikin Mutanen Espanya) kuma yanzu yana nufin wani nau'in kayan yaji na Tunisiya, kodayake a baya yana nufin kawai coriander. Paula Wolfert ta yi iƙirarin cewa tabil yana ɗaya daga cikin cakuda kayan yaji da Musulmai suka kawo Tunisia daga Andalusia a cikin 1492 bayan faduwar Granada. A yau, tabil, wanda ke da alaƙa da dafa abinci na Tunisia, yana da alaƙa, cayenne pepper, tsaba na caraway da coriander da aka buga a cikin turmi, sannan aka bushe a rana. Sau da yawa ana amfani dashi wajen dafa naman sa, sa'a da wasa. Jiki sune al'adun gargajiya na abinci na Tunisiya, kamar su bututu, kwakwalwar ɗan rago, hanta na naman sa da kawunan kifi.

Saboda tsawo bakin teku da tashar jiragen ruwa da yawa, abincin teku yana da matsayi mai mahimmanci a cikin abincin Tunisia. Hakanan ana iya gasa kifi, yin burodi, soya, ko cikawa da kuma ɗanɗano da cumin (Kamun). Squid, cuttlefish da octopus ana ba da su a cikin mai zafi mai zafi tare da sassan lemun tsami, a cikin salatin da aka dafa, ko kuma a cika shi da couscous.

An ci kwari a Tunisia tun zamanin da aka fara, kamar yadda aka tono tarin kwarangwal, gauraye da kayan aikin dutse da kayan tarihi daga wayewar Caspian a yankin Gafsa sun tabbatar. A yau, har yanzu ana jin daɗin kwari a yankuna da yawa, kamar Hammamet, tsakiyar gabar teku (Sahel) da Kairouan, amma an guje su a wasu.^[3]

Abincin yankin

Tunisia tana da fannoni daban-daban na yanki. Abinci na Tunisiya ya bambanta daga arewa zuwa kudu, daga bakin teku zuwa Dutsen Atlas, daga birane zuwa ƙauyuka, da kuma alaƙa da addini.

Misali, mazaunan asali na Tunis (Beldiya), ba sa amfani da harissa sosai; sun fi son abinci mai laushi, kuma sun haɓaka nasu gurasa da kayan zaki.

Kusa da tsaunukan Atlas, ana son wasan. Abinci na iya kunshe da quail, kurciya, Squabs, partridge, rabbits da hare. A cikin Cap Bon, mutane suna jin daɗin tuna, anchovies, sardines, bass na teku da mackerels. A tsibirin Djerba, inda akwai yawan Yahudawa, ana cin abinci na kosher.

Duk da kasancewar abinci mai sauri da gidajen cin abinci a Sfax, mutane daga birnin suna jin daɗin abincin gargajiya fiye da komai. Sfaxians suna ƙara nasu taɓawa ga abincin Tunisiya. Suna da kayan abinci na yanki irin su Marca wanda shine abincin kifi wanda Sfaxians yawanci suna ƙara vermicelli ko couscous. Hakanan ana iya cin abincin tare da burodi na sha'ir ko croutons. Charmoula abinci ne da aka yi da ruwan inabi, albasa da kayan yaji, wanda aka ci tare da kifi mai gishiri a ranar farko ta Eid al-Fitr. Sfax kuma sananne ne ga kek dinta. Akwai nau'ikan burodi guda biyu na Sfaxian: burodi na yau da kullun (wanda ake kira Hulu Arbi) kamar macrouth, doria, da ghraiba, da burodi mai tsayi don bukukuwan aure da bukukuwan na musamman (kamar baklawa, mlabbes da ka'ak warka'). ^[4]

Yankin Gabes sananne ne don amfani da kayan yaji maimakon harissa (hrous Gabsi wani abu ne wanda manyan sinadaran shi ne 50% gishiri da aka yi da albasa, 50% bushe ja chili, ba kamar harissa wanda ba ya dauke da albasa).

A cikin Djerba, ana samun abincin kosher da kuma gidajen cin abinci masu yawa da ke ba da nau'ikan abinci na yanki kamar rouz djerbi da galibi abincin teku.

Babban abinci

Couscous tare da nama Osban

Couscous

Couscous, wanda ake kira kosksi, shine abincin ƙasa na Tunisia, kuma ana iya shirya shi ta hanyoyi da yawa. Ana dafa shi a cikin wani nau'i na musamman na bututun ruwa guda biyu da ake kira kiska:s a cikin Larabci ko couscoussière a Faransanci. Couscous da aka yi amfani da shi yawanci yana da kyau. Ana kiranta kosksi a cikin yaren Tunisiya, ƙaramin ƙwayar cuta ce da aka yi da alkama mai tururi da bushewa. Ita ce mafi mashahuriyar abinci ta ƙasa. Couscous abinci ne ga duk abubuwan da suka faru. Ana ba da shi akai-akai a cikin babban kwano na gargajiya tare da nama da kayan lambu. Ana ba da shi galibi a lokutan biki da manyan tarurruka, daga bukukuwan aure zuwa jana'iza.

Ana dafa nama, kayan lambu da kayan yaji a cikin tukunya. Rashin dafa abinci yana tashi ta hanyar iska a cikin akwati a sama. An shimfiɗa shi da dukan ganye kamar ganye na bay kuma an rufe shi da ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta. Saboda haka ana dafa pasta mai ƙanshi tare da tururi mai ƙanshi. A lokacin dafa abinci, ana buƙatar motsa couscous a kai a kai tare da cokali don hana yin yawa, kamar yadda ake dafa risotto.

Kalmar couscous (a madadin cuscus ko kuskus) an fara lura da ita a farkon karni na 17 Faransanci, daga Larabci kuskus, daga kaskasa 'to pound', kuma mai yiwuwa asalin Berber ne.^[5]^[6] Daidaitaccen tsari na kalmar ya gabatar da wasu ɓoye-ɓoye.^[5] Tushen Berber *KS yana nufin "mai kyau, mai kyau, mai zagaye". ^[5] ^[7] Sunayen da yawa da furcin couscous sun wanzu a duniya.^:919

An san Couscous a cikin jerin UNESCO na Al'adun Al'adu a cikin 2018. Wannan sabon suna na UNESCO saboda darajar couscous da al'ada, ayyuka, da ikon da ke kunshe da shi.

Naman nama

Naman da aka fi so sun hada da ɗan rago (kosksi bil ghalmi) ko kaza (kosksi bil djaj), amma maye gurbin yanki sun hada da ja snapper, grouper (kousksi bil mannani), bass na teku (Kosksi bil marqua), hare (kosksi bil arnab) ko quail (Kosksi bil hjall).Tunisiyawa kuma suna son wani nau'in naman alade mai gishiri da aka yi da nama na ragon a cikin jita-jita (kosksi bil qadid) An haramta cin naman alade ga Musulmai a Tunisia, daidai da dokokin abinci na Islama.

Tajine

Tunisian Tajin ko tajine yana nufin wani nau'in Quiche, ba tare da ɓawon burodi ba, an yi shi da ƙwai, cuku, nama da kayan lambu daban-daban, kuma an dafa shi kamar babban cake. tagine na Tunisiya ya sha bamban da abincin Aljeriya ko Maroko amma yayi kama da Friedata na Italiya ko eggah na Masar.

Wani shahararren abincin teku shine kifi cikakke ko duka kifi. Dukkanin kifin, ban da gabobin ciki, ana shirya shi kuma a gasa shi da wuta, amma kuma ana iya soya shi, gasa shi ko kuma a dafa shi. Ana haɗa shi da kwakwalwan dankalin turawa da ko dai mai laushi ko mai ɗanɗano, wanda aka yi ta hanyar dafa albasa mai laushi, tumatir, albasa da ɗan ƙaramin tafarnuwa, dukansu an yanka su sosai kuma an ba su tare da kwai da aka kama ko kuma gefen rana. Ana yayyafa sabon parsley a saman; ruwan lemun tsami da gishiri na teku sun kammala girke-girke.

Sauces

Sauces na Tunisiya, wanda ke kusa da broths masu ɗanɗano, wani bangare ne na abinci. In ba haka ba ana amfani da man zaitun a matsayin sauce.

Harissa ko Hrissa sau da yawa ana cewa sauce ne na Tunisiya, amma an fi bayyana shi azaman sinadarin dafa abinci na Tunisiya ko kayan yaji. Harissa an yi ta da jan chili, tafarnuwa, gishiri, cumin, coriander, man zaitun, kuma wani lokacin kuma caraway ko mint.

Kerkennaise da Mlukhia wasu sauces ne da ake amfani da su akai-akai. Kerkennaise an yi shi ne da capers, man zaitun, tumatir, scallions, coriander, caraway, cumin, parsley, tafarnuwa, farin vinegar da paprika. Mloukhia wani ruwan inabi ne mai duhu wanda aka ba da shi tare da ɗan rago ko naman sa.

Abincin

[./Brik, yaƙi nau'in Tunisian na börek, an dafa shi da nau'in warka, yawanci an dafa shi sosai.

Ana yin burodi na gargajiya na Tunisia

Kayan kwalliya na Tunisia

Asida - wani abu mai zaki.
Assidat zgougou - wani nau'in bishiyar Aleppo.
Baklawa - yadudduka masu laushi da aka haɗa da ƙwayoyin pine, almonds, hazelnuts da pistachios, an shafa su cikin man shanu na zinariya, an dafa su kuma an tsoma su cikin ruwan zuma.
Bambalouni - dafa abinci mai ɗanɗano mai kama da donut da aka yi amfani da shi tare da sukari.
Stew na ɗan rago na salon Berber - Stew mai sauƙi na ɗan raki da aka dafa tare da kayan lambu, kamar dankali da karoshi, a cikin tukunyar yumɓu ta gargajiya.
Borzgane- Wani abu mai dadi da ɗanɗano wanda ya haɗu da busassun 'ya'yan itatuwa da nama mai laushi. Abin biki ne da aka shirya don maraba da bazara.
Bouza - mai wadata kuma mai mannewa mai tsarkakewa.
Brik - ƙananan sassan ɗan rago, naman sa, ko kayan lambu da kwai da aka lulluɓe a cikin ɗan burodi mai laushi kuma an dafa shi sosai.
Caponata- mai ɗanɗano da ɗanɗano na kwai da sauran kayan lambu
Chakchouka - mai cin ganyayyaki mai kama da ratatouille tare da chickpeas, tumatir, albasa, tafarnuwa da albasa, wanda aka yi amfani da shi tare da kwai.
Chorba - burodi mai ɗanɗano, tare da pasta, nama, kifi, da dai sauransu.
Felfel mahchi - albasa mai zaki da aka cika da nama, yawanci ɗan rago, kuma ana ba da shi tare da sauce harissa.
Fricasse - ƙaramin sandwich tare da tuna, harissa, zaitun da man zaitun, ba shi da kama da classic nahiyar Turai casserole na wannan sunan.
Guenaoia - ɗan rago ko naman sa tare da chillies, okra, da kayan yaji.

Harissa

Houria - salatin karot da aka dafa.
Kamounia - naman sa da kumin
Khobz mbesses - Gurasar semolina ta Tunisia
Khobz tabouna - burodi na gargajiya, ba gurasar da aka yi da ita ba ko gurasar da ta yi kama da pita.
Kuusha - kafada na ɗan rago da aka dafa da turmeric da cayenne pepper.
Lablabi - mai wadataccen abincin garlicky da aka yi da chickpeas.
Harsunan tsuntsaye ko "harsunan tsuntsayen" - wani nau'in miya tare da pasta mai kama da hatsi na shinkafa.
Makroudh - kek ɗin semolina da aka cika da kwanakin ko almonds, cinnamon da gashin orange.
Masfouf - mai ɗanɗano mai ɗanɗana, sigar Tunisiya na seffa na Maroko.
Makboubeh - tumatir da gurasar albasa.
Makloub - sandwich mai ninka-pizza, mai kama da shawarma, wanda aka yi da gurasar pizza kuma an cika shi da kaza, cuku, salatin, harissa, mayonnaise da sauran sauces.
Makoud - dankali da nama casserole (kamar quiche).

Makroudh

Marqa - stew da aka dafa a hankali na nama tare da tumatir da zaitun, wanda yayi kama da stew na Maroko Tajin.
Mechouia salad - wani abu ne mai ban sha'awa na albasa mai zaki, tumatir da albasa da aka gauraya da mai, lemun tsami, tuna da ƙwai da aka dafa.

Saladi na Mechouia

Merguez - ƙananan sausages masu ɗanɗano.
Mhalbiya - kek da aka yi da shinkafa, kwayoyi da ruwan geranium.
Mloukhia - naman sa ko ɗan rago tare da ganye. Sunan ya fito ne daga ganye mai kore da aka yi amfani da shi, wanda ke samar da murfi mai kauri wanda ke da mucilaginous (wani abu "mai laushi"), kama da okra da aka dafa.
Nwasser (ko nouasser, noicer) pasta - mai laushi sosai, ƙananan murabba'in pasta da aka yi da semolina da gari mai amfani, mai ɗanɗano tare da bharat na Tunisia, cakuda sinamoni da busassun rosebuds.
Ojja - abincin kwai da aka yi da tumatir da chillies mai laushi wanda aka kara da nama da harissa daban-daban.
Osbane - ɓangarorin hanji na dabba da aka cika da nama, offal da chards, spinach, parsley da karamin adadin bulgur ko shinkafa.
Stuffed squid - Ana iya cika aljihun squid tare da cakuda mai kama da osbane stuffing (mafi yawan kayan lambu kamar chards, spinach, parsley, karamin hanta na tumaki, dafa chickpeas, shinkafa ko bulgur da wasu albasa da tafarnuwa, bushe mint da harissa da aka tattara tare da kwai) ko kuma suna da kayan da aka yi da kayan lambu, ƙwai da aka dafa da ƙwai da ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin da ƙwayoyi. Ana iya cin calamari da aka dafa tare da couscous ko kai tsaye a cikin sauce na tumatir mai ɗanɗano. Su ne na musamman daga yankin gabar teku na tsakiya, musamman Sousse da Monastir .
Saladi na Tunisiya - cucumber, albasa, tumatir, da albasa da aka ɗanɗana da man zaitun kuma ana iya yin ado da itacen zaitun, ƙwai da tuna. Ya yi kama da salatin Niçoise na Faransanci da salatin Girka.
Samsa - yadudduka na ƙananan burodi da aka sauya tare da yadudduka masu gasa, da tsaba na sesame, an dafa su a cikin lemun tsami da ruwan rosewater syrup.
Shakshouka - abincin ƙwai da aka kama a cikin sauce na tumatir, chili peppers, da albasa, sau da yawa ana sanya shi da kumin.
Zitounia - naman sa ko wasu nama da aka dafa a cikin sauce na tumatir tare da albasa, an dafa shi da zaitun.
Torshi - turnips mai laushi, wanda aka yi da ruwan 'ya'yan itace.
Yo-yo - donuts da aka yi da ruwan orange, an dafa shi sosai, sannan a tsoma shi cikin ruwan zuma.

Duba sauran bayani

Abincin Maghrebi

Manazarta

↑ Editorial Staff (2022-09-29). "Tunisian Cuisine — Mentality, Spirit & Character". Carthage Magazine (in Turanci). Retrieved 2023-10-19.
↑ Empty citation (help)
↑ Saafi, Ismail (2022-10-01). "The current consumption of land snails in Tunisia: An ethnographic study". Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports (in Turanci). 45: 103631. Bibcode:2022JArSR..45j3631S. doi:10.1016/j.jasrep.2022.103631. ISSN 2352-409X. S2CID 252256237 Check |s2cid= value (help).
↑ "Sfaxian food-detail - Medcities - Mediterranean Cities Network". www.medcities.org (in Turanci). Retrieved 2017-04-13.
↑ ^5.0 ^5.1 ^5.2 Chaker, Salem. "Couscous: sur l'étymologie du mot" (PDF). INALCO - Centre de Recherche Berbère.
↑ Empty citation (help)
↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named :2

[1] Editorial Staff (2022-09-29). "Tunisian Cuisine — Mentality, Spirit & Character". Carthage Magazine (in Turanci). Retrieved 2023-10-19.

[2] Empty citation (help)

[3] Saafi, Ismail (2022-10-01). "The current consumption of land snails in Tunisia: An ethnographic study". Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports (in Turanci). 45: 103631. Bibcode:2022JArSR..45j3631S. doi:10.1016/j.jasrep.2022.103631. ISSN 2352-409X. S2CID 252256237 Check |s2cid= value (help).

[4] "Sfaxian food-detail - Medcities - Mediterranean Cities Network". www.medcities.org (in Turanci). Retrieved 2017-04-13.

[:0-5] 5.0 ^5.1 ^5.2 Chaker, Salem. "Couscous: sur l'étymologie du mot" (PDF). INALCO - Centre de Recherche Berbère.

[:3-6] Empty citation (help)

[:2-7] Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named :2

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