Ƴancin Jama'a

Ƴancin Jama'a
Bayanai
Ƙaramin ɓangare na	'yanci da Haƙƙoƙi
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'Yancin Jama'a tabbaci ne da' yanci da gwamnatoci suka yi alkawarin kada su rage, ko dai ta hanyar kundin tsarin mulki, doka, ko Fassarar shari'a, ba tare da tsari ba. Kodayake iyakar kalmar ta bambanta tsakanin ƙasashe, 'yanci jama'a galibi sun haɗa da' 'yancin lamiri,' 'yancin yada labarai,' yanci na addini,' 'yancin faɗar albarkacin baki,' 'yancin taro da' yanci,' 'yancin magana,' yankin sirri,' yancikin daidaito a karkashin doka da tsari ya dace,' yanqikin shari'a mai kyau, da kuma 'yancin rayuwa. Sauran 'yanci na jama'a sun haɗa da haƙƙin mallaka, Hakkin kare kanka, da haƙƙin amincin jiki. A cikin bambance-bambance tsakanin 'yanci na jama'a da sauran nau'ikan' yanci, akwai bambance-buce tsakanin' ''Yanci mara kyau / 'yanci masu kyau da' yanci marasa kyau / 'ya'yanci marasa kyau.

'Yan Libertarians suna ba da shawara game da mummunan' yanci na' yanci, suna jaddada Ƙananan shigar gwamnati a cikin al'amuran mutum da tattalin arziki. Masu ba da shawara masu tasiri game da wannan fassarar sun haɗa da John Stuart Mill, wanda aikinsa On Liberty ya yi jayayya don kare 'yanci na mutum daga mamayewar gwamnati, da Friedrich Hayek, wanda The Road to Serfdom ya yi gargadi game da haɗarin fadada ikon jihar. Ayn Rand's Atlas Shrugged Na Ron Paul's The Revolution: A Manifesto sun kara jaddada muhimmancin kare ikon cin gashin kai da iyakance ikon gwamnati. Wadannan gudummawa sun taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen tsara jawabin kan 'yancin farar hula da kuma yadda gwamnati ta dace.

Bayani na gaba ɗaya

Kasashe da yawa na zamani suna da kundin tsarin mulki, lissafin haƙƙoƙi, ko makamancin takardun kundin tsarin mulki waɗanda ke ƙidaya da neman tabbatar da 'yancin jama'a. Sauran kasashe sun kafa irin waɗannan dokoki ta hanyar hanyoyi daban-daban na shari'a, gami da sanya hannu da tabbatarwa ko kuma yin tasiri ga manyan tarurruka kamar Yarjejeniyar Turai kan 'Yancin Dan Adam da Alkawari na Duniya kan' Yancin Bil'adama da Siyasa. Kasancewar wasu 'yancin farar hula da ake da'awar batun jayayya ne, kamar yadda yawancin' yancin farar fata suke. Misalan rikice-rikice sun haɗa da haƙƙin mallaka, haƙƙin haihuwa, da auren jama'a. A cikin mulkin mallaka wanda tantancewar gwamnati ke hana 'yancin farar hula, wasu masu ba da shawara kan' yancin farar fata suna jayayya game da amfani da kayan aikin rashin sani don ba da damar' yancin magana, sirri, da rashin sani. Matsayin da al'ummomi suka amince da 'yancin farar hula yana shafar tasirin ta'addanci da yaƙi. Ko kasancewar laifuka marasa rai sun keta 'yancin farar hula kuma batun jayayya ne. yaƙi batun muhawara shine dakatar da ko canza wasu 'yanci na farar hula a lokutan yaki ko Yanayin gaggawa, gami da ko kuma har zuwa wane irin wannan ya kamata ya faru

Asiya

China

Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Jamhuriyar Jama'ar Sin (wanda ya shafi kasar Sin kawai, ba Hong Kong, Macau, da Taiwan ba) musamman ma Hakkinsa na asali da Ayyukan 'yan ƙasa, ya yi iƙirarin kare' yanci da yawa. Taiwan, wacce ta rabu da kasar Sin, tana da Kundin Tsarin Mulki.

Kodayake kundin tsarin mulki na 1982 ya ba da tabbacin 'yanci na jama'a, Gwamnatin kasar Sin galibi tana amfani da sassan "rashin ikon gwamnati" da "kariya ga asirin gwamnati" a cikin tsarin shari'arsu don ɗaure waɗanda ke sukar Jam'iyyar Kwaminis ta kasar Sin (CCP) da Shugabannin jihohi.