Wodaabe
Wodaabe ( Fula: Woɗaaɓe , Adlam : ), Kuma aka sani da Mbororo ko Borôro (Adlam: , ), karamin rukuni ne na kabilar Fulani . A al'adance su makiyaya ne masu kiwo da 'yan kasuwa a yankin Sahel, tare da kaura daga Nijar ta kudu, zuwa arewacin Najeriya, arewa maso gabashin Kamaru, kudu maso yammacin Chadi, yankin yammacin Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya da arewa maso gabashin Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Congo . Adadin Wodaabe an kiyasta shi a 2001 ya zama 100,000. [1] An san su da tufafi masu kyau da kuma al'adun gargajiyar.
Woɗaaɓe da 𞤏𞤮𞤯𞤢𞥄𞤩𞤫 | |
|---|---|
 |
 A group of traveling Wodaabe. Niger, 1997 | |
| Jimlar yawan jama'a | |
|---|---|
| 100,000 (2001) [Ana bukatan hujja] | |
| Yankuna masu yawan jama'a | |
 Nijar,  Kameru,  Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya,  Cadi,  Nigeria, Template:Country data Democratic Republic of Congo | |
| Harsuna | |
| Fula | |
| Addini | |
| Islam, African traditional religion | |
| Kabilu masu alaƙa | |
| Fula |
Wodaabe suna magana da yaren Fula kuma basa amfani da rubutaccen yare. [2] A cikin yaren Fula, woɗa na nufin " taboo ", kuma Woɗaaɓe na nufin "mutanen taboo". Wannan wani lokacin ana fassara shi a matsayin "waɗanda ke girmama tabo", wanda yake nuni ga keɓewar Wodaabe daga al'adun Fulbe, da kuma hujjarsu cewa suna riƙe da al'adun "tsofaffi" fiye da maƙwabtansu na Fulbe. [3] Saɓanin haka, wasu Fulbe da sauran ƙabilun wasu lokuta suna kiran Wodaabe da " Mbororo ", wani suna mara daɗi, [4] fassara zuwa Turanci a matsayin "Fulanin Shanu", kuma ma'ana "waɗanda ke zaune a sansanonin shanu". [5] A karni na 17, 'yan Fula a duk fadin Afirka ta Yamma suna daga cikin kabilu na farko da suka musulunta, galibi kuma shugabannin rundunonin da ke yada addinin Islama ne, kuma a al'adance suna alfahari da rayuwar birane, da ilimi, da kuma ibada wanda wannan ya kasance mai alaƙa. Duk Wodaabe da sauran Fulbe suna ganin cikin Wodaabe amo na tsarin rayuwar makiyaya na farko, wanda Wodaabe ke alfahari da shi kuma wanda Fulɓe na cikin gari ke da mahimmanci a wasu lokuta. [6]
Al'adar Wodaabe tana daga cikin al'adu 186 na daidaitattun al'adun gargajiyar da masana halayyar dan adam ke amfani da su don kwatanta halayen al'adu.
An zabi wata mata ‘yar Wodaabe, Hindou Oumarou Ibrahim, da ta wakilci ƙungiyoyin farar hula na duniya kan tattaɓa hannu kan yarjejeniyar ta Paris a ranar 22 ga Afrilun shekarar 2016. [7]
Rayuwar yau da kullun gyara sashe
Wodaabe suna kiwon garken shanun Zebu da suka daɗe da ƙaho. Lokacin rani ya faɗaɗa daga Oktoba zuwa Mayu. Balaguronsu na shekara-shekara a lokacin damina ya biyo ruwan sama daga kudu zuwa arewa. [8] Ƙungiyoyi na dangi dozin da yawa, galibi 'yan'uwa da yawa tare da matansu, yara da dattawa, suna tafiya a ƙafa, jaki ko raƙumi, kuma suna tsayawa a kowane wurin kiwo na' yan kwanaki. Babban gadon katako shine mafi girman mallakar kowane iyali; lokacin yin zango yana kewaye da wasu allo. Matan kuma suna ɗaukar kwando a matsayin alamar matsayi. [2] Wadannan kullun suna wucewa ta tsararraki, kuma galibi suna haifar da kishi tsakanin mata. Wodaabe galibi suna rayuwa akan madara da gero da ƙasa, da yogurt, shayi mai zaki da kuma lokaci-lokaci naman akuya ko tunkiya.
Addini, ɗabi'a da al'adu gyara sashe
Addinin Wodaabe galibi na Islama ne (wanda aka cakuɗe shi da imani na lokacin jahiliyya). Kodayake akwai nau'ikan digiri daban-daban da ake nunawa na al'ada, mafi yawansu suna bin aƙalla wasu daga cikin abubuwan buƙatun addini. Addinin Islama ya zama addinin da ke da muhimmanci a tsakanin mutanen Wodaabe a lokacin ƙarni na 16 lokacin da malamin nan al-Maghili ya yi wa'azin koyarwar Muhammadu ga manya-manyan arewacin Najeriya. Al-Maghili ne ke da alhakin sauya azuzuwan masu mulki tsakanin Hausawa, Fulani, da Abzinawa a yankin.
Dokar halayyar Wodaabe ta jaddada tanadi da filako (shekara goma sha huɗu ), haƙuri da ƙarfin hali ( munyal ), kulawa da tunani ( hakkilo ), da aminci ( amana ). Hakanan suna ba da fifiko sosai kan kyau da fara'a. [9]
Ba a ba wa iyaye damar yin magana kai tsaye da yaransu na farko, waɗanda galibi kakanninsu za su kula da su. Da rana, mata da miji ba za su iya riƙe hannu ba ko kuma su yi magana da juna ta hanyar da ta dace ba. [2]
Kyakkyawan kyakkyawa da bikin Gerewol gyara sashe
A karshen damana, a watan Satumba, Wodaabe iyalan tattara a dama gargajiya wurare kafin farkon su rani transhumance hijirarsa. Mafi shaharar su shine kasuwar gishirin In-Gall ta Salure buzayen . Anan samarin Wodaabe, tare da kayan kwalliya, fuka-fukai da sauran kayan ado, suna yin Yaake : raye-raye da waƙoƙi don burge matan aure. Kyakkyawan kyakkyawan namiji na Wodaabe yana ƙarfafa tsayi, fararen idanu da haƙori; maza sau da yawa za su rintse idanuwansu kuma su nuna haƙoransu don jaddada waɗannan halaye. Daga nan dangin Wodaabe za su hadu don saura na mako guda Gerewol : jerin gidajen tarihi game da aure da kuma gasa inda 'yan mata za su yi hukunci da kyau da kwarewar samari. [10]
Takardun labarai da al'adun gargajiya gyara sashe
Takaddun tarihin Wodaabe - Makiyayan Rana na Werner Herzog a 1989 ya bayyana Wodaabe.
A cikin shirin fim na 1999 Zwischen 2 Welten (tsakanin duniyoyi biyu) darekta Bettina Haasen ta yi fina-finan tattaunawarta da membobin Wodaabe.
Takaddun bayanan tarihin ƙabilar 2010 tare da Wodaabes ta Sandrine Loncke ta bincika, daga mahangar mahalarta, mahimmancin al'adun gargajiya na ban mamaki amma sau da yawa rashin fahimta da kuma fahimtar abubuwan bikin Wodaabe wanda ake kira "Geerewol".
Kungiyar Etran Finatawa da ke Jamhuriyar Nijar ta kunshi membobin Wodaabe da Abzinawa kuma sun ƙirƙiro salonsu na musamman na "Nomad Blues" ta hanyar hada shirye-shiryen zamani da garatukan lantarki da kayan gargajiya da na gargajiya da kuma rera wakar Wodaabe. A cikin 2005 sun yi rikodin kundi kuma suka zagaya Turai.
"Ƴan rawar Wodaabe m" sunan waƙa ce ta kayan kiɗa a waƙan jita. Jennifer Batten ta kundi na 1997, Jennifer Batten's Tribal Rage: Momentum .
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Woananan matan Wodaabe masu zanan fuska -
Maza biyu Wodaabe -
Wata budurwa da ke yanke hukuncin kyan maza a Gerewol -
Mace daga Kamaru
Hanyoyin haɗin waje gyara sashe
Manazarta gyara sashe
- Yanar gizo na Djingo, Wodaabe tarin kaya a Nijar
- Labari game da ƙirƙirar ƙungiyar Wodaabe Archived 2012-09-26 at the Wayback Machine
- Rahoto kan tafiya ta 2001 tare da ƙungiyar Wodaabe zuwa Cure Salée Archived 2016-03-04 at the Wayback Machine, daga Sahara tare da Michael Palin
- Shirin radiyo akan Fulbe Wodaabe da Fulbe Jelgoobe suna raira waƙa da rawa : Cor ps à à et et à à ix vo ix uls uls uls uls et uls uls uls uls uls uls uls uls ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps uls uls
- Rukunin tarihin kiɗa na yau da kullun da aka keɓe waƙoƙin Fulbe Wodaabe (Telemeta, CREM-CNRS).
Hotuna da bidiyo gyara sashe
- Guerewol na Mutanen Wodaabe
- Hotunan Gerewol na mai daukar hoto na BBC Human Planet
- Bidiyon rawar Wodaabe
- Bidiyon bikin Gerewol, National Geographic
- Wodaabe dancer hotuna: part 1 Archived 2008-12-16 at the Wayback Machine, part 2 Archived 2008-12-16 at the Wayback Machine
- Mr Sahara 2004
- The Wodaabe's Cure Salée ta Christine Nesbitt
- Bikin Nomaye - Cure Salée
- Tattaunawa tare da memba na Woodabe game da aure (Kwarewa daga bikin Cure Salée da hotunan Wodaabé)
- Geerewol, na Sandrine Loncke (Yanar Gizo game da bikin al'ada na Wodaabe, tare da rikodin rikodin kiɗa da gajerun bidiyo da ke nuna rawa da al'adun al'ada. Plementarin zuwa littafin marubucin ɗaya ).
- Rawa tare da Wodaabes, shirin shirin fim wanda Sandrine Loncke ta shirya, Berkeley Media, 90 ', 2010
- Wodaabe, Rawa maimakon Yaƙi, fasalin shirin wanda Sandrine Loncke ta rubuta kuma ta bada umarni, Point du Jour International, 52 ', 2013
- ↑ http://fernwhitehilsenrath.wordpress.com/tag/the-wodaabe-tribe/
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Carol Beckwith, Niger's Wodaabe: "People of the Taboo" Archived 2016-03-04 at the Wayback Machine. National Geographic, 1983, vol. 164, no4, pp. 483–509
- ↑ Loftsdóttir, Kristín. When nomads lose cattle: Wodaabe negotiations of ethnicity. African Sociological Review 2004, 8(2): 52–76
- ↑ Carol Beckwith. An Interview with Carol Beckwith. African Arts, Vol. 18, No. 4 (Aug. 1985), pp. 38–45
- ↑ EA BRACKENBURY. NOTES ON THE "BORORO FULBE" OR NOMAD "CATTLE FULANI" African Affairs, vol. XXIII, number 208, 1924
- ↑ Mette Bovin (2001), p.13
- ↑ Indigenous Mbororo woman to speak at Paris Agreement signing ceremony on 22 April. Sustainable Development Goals, United Nations. Retrieved on 15 June 2016.
- ↑ Gabrielle Lyon, The Wodaabe Archived 2002-03-15 at the Wayback Machine
- ↑ Beckwith, Carol, and Angela Fisher. African Ceremonies. New York: Harry N Abrams, 1999.
- ↑ Niger's dandy Gerewol festival, The Times, 4 July 2004