Shirka A (Musulunci)

Shirka (Larabci: شرك‎ </link> širk) a Musulunci zunubi neshirka (watau bautar wani ko wanin Allah). Musulunci ya koyar da cewa Allah ba ya tarayya da kowa da siffofinsa na Ubangiji. An haramta yin shirka da Allah bisa koyarwar Musulunci da Tauhidi (kadaitaka). Mušrikkun مشركون</link> (pl. na mušrik مشرك</link>) su ne masu yin shirka, wanda a zahiri yana nufin "tarayya" kuma yana nufin karbar wasu alloli ba tare da Allah (a matsayin "abokan tarayya"). Alkur'ani ya dauki shirka a matsayin zunubin da ba za a gafarta wa mutumin da ya mutu bai tuba ba.

Masu shirka a musulunci

Shirka A

Magana

Kalmar širk ta fito ne daga tushen Larabci Š - R - K (da ش ر ك</link> ),tare da ma'anar ma'anar"raba". A cikin mahallin Kur'ani, yawanci ana fahimtar ma'anar "raba a matsayin abokin tarayya daidai", don haka shirka yana nufin "danna abokin tarayya ga Allah". A cikin Alqur'ani, shirka da kalmar mušrikkun (مشركون</link>)—wadanda suka yi shirka da kulla makirci ga Musulunci-sukan yi nuni ga makiyan Musulunci (kamar yadda yake a cikin At-Tawbah aya ta 9:1-15).

Alqur'ani

Bauta wa komai face Allah

A cewar Encyclopedia of Islam,Kur’ani ya bayyana “sau biyu” a cikin suratun Nisa,aya ta 48 da ta 116, “cewa Allah yana yafe dukkan zunubai sai daya” wato shirka (“abokan tarayya”).

Indeed, Allah does not forgive associating others with Him ˹in worship˺, but forgives anything else of whoever He wills. And whoever associates others with Allah has indeed committed a grave sin. —4:48

Malaman tafsirin Alkur’ani sun jaddada cewa bautar gumaka na Larabci kafin zuwan Musulunci ya kirkiro abubuwan bautawa da yawa, waɗanda aka fi sani da alloli uku Manāt,Al-LātdaAl-’Uzza, abokan tarayya na Allah (kamar yadda Alkur’ani ya yi magana a cikin sura ta 53) kalmar mushrikūn (na ɗaya: mushrik) ana sau da yawa ana fassara shi zuwa Turanci a matsayin "mushrikai".

Abubuwan da ake bautawa banda Allah ana kiran su shuraka.: 41.: 77 Bayan Yinin Kiyama,za a jefa su a cikin Jahannama tare da Shaidanun (Shaidan) da Shaidanun Aljanu, : 41 wanda kuma aka ce maguzawa suna sadaukarwa don samun kariya.

Yin biyayya ko kula da mutane maimakon Allah

Wani nau'i na shirka da aka ambata a cikin Alqur'ani At-Tawbah shine ɗaukar malamai, sufaye,annabawa, firistoci,malaman tauhidi, malaman addini,lauyoyi na addini, ko shayatin a matsayin Ubangiji (s) a aikace ta hanyar bin koyarwarsu,da/ko ta hanyar bin k,oyarwarsu. hukunce-hukuncensu a kan halal a lokacin da ya saba wa shari’a ko koyarwar da aka saukar da Allah:

They have taken their rabbis and monks as well as the Messiah, son of Mary, as lords besides Allah, even though they were commanded to worship none but One God. There is no god ˹worthy of worship˺ except Him. Glorified is He above what they associate ˹with Him˺! ---9:31

Tafsirin tiyoloji

Musulmai na zamanin da, da falsafar Yahudawa sun gano imani da Triniti tare da bidi'a ta shirka a cikin Larabci(shituf a Ibrananci), ma'ana "abokan tarayya",wajen iyakance rashin iyaka na Allah ta hanyar danganta allahntakarsa da wanzuwar zahiri.

A mahangar tauhidi, mutum ya yi shirka ta hanyar danganta wani karami da Allah.Ana yin zunubi ne idan mutum ya yi tunanin akwai abokin tarayya tare da Allah wanda ya dace a bauta masa.Ya zo a cikin Alkur’ani cewa: “Allah ba Ya gafarta a yi shirka da Shi,kuma Yana gafarta wani abu, wanda Yake so, yi shirki da Allah, hakika,shi ne makircin zunubi mai girma.”(k.Nisa 4:48).

Wasu masu bin tafsirin Sufanci na Musulunci suna ganin imani da wanin Allah a matsayin nau'in shirka (shirka).Hakan ya haɗa da allolin ƙarya amma kuma imani da wasu hanyoyin wan zuwa.Imani da tauhidi yakan yarda da shi,kamar shaidan a matsayin tushen sharri ko kuma yancin son rai a matsayin tushen abin da ya hau kan halittun Allah,ana dai-daita su da imani da wasu iko da ba Allah badon haka aka yi tir da su.

Charles Adams ya rubuta cewa Alkur’ani ya caccaki Ahlul Kitabi da kafiri saboda kin amince wa da sakon Muhammadu a lokacin da ya kamata su kasance farkon waɗanda suka yarda da shi a matsayin ma’abota ayoyin da suka gabata,kuma ya keɓance kiristoci saboda watsi da hujjar hadin kan Allah.Ayar Al-Ma'idah 5:73 ("Hakika sun kafirta [kafara] wadanda suka ce: Allah na ukun uku ne"),a tsakanin sauran ayoyi,an fahimci al'ada a Musulunci a matsayin watsi da koyarwar Triniti na Kirista,amma ƙwararrun ilimi na zamani sun ba da shawarar wasu fassarori.Wasu ayoyin Alqur'ani sun yi musun kafircin allahntakar Isa Almasihu dan Maryama, kuma suna zargin mutanen da suka yi daidai da Allah a matsayin kafirai,wadanda za su fuskanci azaba ta har abada a cikin Jahannama. Har ila yau,Kur'ani bai amince da sifa ta Yesu a matsayin Ɗan Allah ko kuma Allah da kansa ba amma yana girmama Yesu a matsayin annabi kuma manzon Allah, wanda aka aiko zuwa ga bani Isra'ila. Wasu masu tunani na musulmi irin su Mohamed Talbi sun kalli mafi girman gabatarwar Kur'ani na akidun Triniti da Allahntakar Yesu (Al-Ma'idah 5:19; 5:75-76; 5:119) kamar yadda dabarar da ba na Kirista ba, waɗanda Ikilisiya ta ƙi.

Cyril Glasse ya soki amfani da kafirun [pl. na kafir ] don siffanta Kiristoci a matsayin "sako da amfani". A cewar Encyclopaedia of Islam, fikihun Musulunci na gargajiya yana da ahl al-kitab "yawanci ana ganin su a hankali fiye da sauran kuffari [pl. na kafir ]," kuma "a ka'idar," musulmi yana aikata wani laifi mai hukunci idan ya ce wa Bayahude. ko Kirista, "Kai kafiri."

A tarihance, Ahlul Kitabi da ke zama na dindindin a karkashin mulkin Musulunci suna da damar samun matsayi na musamman da aka fi sani da dhimmi, kuma wadanda suka ziyarci kasashen musulmi sun sami wani matsayi na daban da aka fi sani da musta’amin .

shirka babba da karama

Ana amfani da kalmar shirka ta hanyoyi guda biyu: ma'anar shirka da wani abu wanda ba shirka ba face wani nau'i na zunubi.</link> zuwa kashi biyu bisa ga Musulunci:

• Babbar shirka ( Shirk-al-Akbar ): bayyane kuma bayyane
• Yar karamar shirka ( Shirk-al-Asghar ): boye ko boye

Babban shirka

Babbar shirka ko shirka akbar tana nufin shirka ne bayyanan ne kuma an siffanta shi da siffofi guda biyu:

• Domin ya hada kowa da Allah a matsayin abokin tarayya (ya yi imani da abin bautawa fiye da daya).
• Don danganta sifofin Allah da wani (don yin imani da wani abu ko wanin Allah yana da sifofin Ubangiji).

Ibn Taimiya da Salafiyyah

Sauran tafsirin sun raba babbar shirka zuwa manyan rukunai guda uku.A cewar Salafiyya Shirka ana iya aikata ta ta hanyar aiki da nau'ika guda uku.</link>Ibn Taimiyya ne ya fara gabatar da wannan bambancin.

Rububiyyah (Ubangiji)

Wannan nau'i na shirka yana nufin ko dai imani da cewa wasu sun yi tarayya da Ubangiji a kan halitta a matsayin dai-dai yake da shi ko kusa da shi,ko kuma imani da cewa babu ubangiji kan halitta kwata-kwata.

• Shirka ta tarayya: shirkan da ya shafi shirka “wasu” da Allah
• Shirka ta hanyar kore: shirka a rubūbīyah (Ubangiji)

Al-Asma wa's-Sifat (suna da sifa)

Wannan nau'i na shirka ya kunshi duka ayyukan kafirai,na baiwa Allah sifofin halittarsa da kuma sanya sunayen Allah da sifofin sa ga halittu.

• Shirka ta hanyar mutumtaka: a wannan bangaren na shirka, an baiwa Allah siffa da dabi'u na mutane da dabbobi. Girman mutum akan dabbobi yana sa surar mutum ta kasance da masu bautar gumaka suka fi amfani da ita wajen wakiltar Allah a cikin halitta. Don haka, ana yawan zana surar mahalicci, ko gyara, ko kuma sassaƙa su a siffar ’yan Adam masu siffar zahirin waɗanda suke bauta musu.
• Shirka ta hanyar Allah: wannan nau'in shirka yana da alaƙa da al'amuran halitta ko abubuwan da aka ba su ko da'awar sunayen Allah ko sifofinsa. Misali, Larabawa na da sun kasance suna bautar gumaka wadanda sunayensu ya samo asali daga sunayen Allah. Manyan abubuwan bauta guda uku su ne Al-lat (an karbo daga sunan Allah al-Elah), al-'Uzza (wanda aka karbo daga al-'aziz), da al-Manat (wanda aka karbo daga al-Mannan). A zamanin Muhammadu, akwai kuma wani mutum a yankin Larabawa mai suna Yamamah, wanda ya yi iƙirarin cewa shi annabi ne kuma ya ɗauki sunan Rahman, wanda a Musulunci na Allah ne kaɗai.

Al-'Ibadah (ibada)

A cikin wannan nau'i na shirka,ana gudanar da ayyukan ibada ga wanin Allah,kuma ana neman ladan ibada daga halitta,maimakon mahalicci.Kamar yadda ya zo a cikin rukunan da suka gabata,shirka a cikin al-Ibadah tana da manyan abubuwa guda biyu.

Wannan nau'i na shirka yana faruwa ne a lokacin da duk wani aiki na ibada ya kasance yana nufin wanin Allah.Yana wakiltar nau'in bautar gumaka mafi bayyananne wanda Allah ya aiko annabawa a kansa,musamman kuma ya kira taron mutane da su bar shi.Misalin wannan shirka shine istigfari da shiga aljanna,wanda Allah ne kadai ke iya azurtawa,daga wanin Allah.

Yar karamar shirka

Karamar shirka,ko Shirke-e-Asghar. Mutum yana aikata ta ne ta hanyar yin tauhidi (babu abin bautawa da gaskiya sai Allah) face yana da tunani da ayyukan da ba su nuna wannan imani ba:

One who offers the ritual prayers in an ostentatious way is a polytheist. One who keeps the fast, or gives alms, or performs the hajj to show the public his righteousness or to earn good name is a polytheist.

— Sayyed Qasim Mujtaba Moosavi Kamoonpuri

Mahmud ibn Lubayd ya ruwaito.

Allah's messenger said: "The thing I fear for you the most is ash-Shirk al-Asghar."

The companions asked, "O messenger of Allah, what is that?"

He replied, "Ar-Riya (showing off), for verily Allah will say on the Day of Resurrection when people are receiving their rewards, 'Go to those for whom you were showing off in the material world and see if you can find any reward from them."

Mahmud bn Lubayd kuma ya ce:

The Prophet came out and announced, "O people, beware of secret Shirk!"

The people asked, "O messenger of Allah, what is secret Shirk?"

He replied, "When a man gets up to pray and strives to beautify his prayer because people are looking at him; that is secret Shirk."

Umar bn Khattab ya ruwaito cewa, Manzon Allah (Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam) ya ce:"Duk wanda ya rantse da wanin Allah, ya aikata wani aiki na kafiri ko shirka."(Al-Tirmizi ne ya inganta <i id="mwAR0">shi</i>, da kuma <i id="mwASA">Saheeh</i> na Al-Hakim).

Kamar yadda Ibn Mas’ood ya ce, ɗaya daga cikin sahabban Muhammad ya ce:“Cewa na rantse da Allah a kan karya shi ya fi soyuwa a gare ni fiye da in rantse da wani a kan gaskiya.

Duba kuma

 

• Bakar Dutse
• Haramun
• Henotheism
• Musulunci da sabo
• Makarantun islamiyya da rassa
• Ra'ayin Musulunci game da Triniti
• Ra'ayoyin Musulunci game da mutuwar Yesu
• Maguzanci
• Larabawa kafin musulunci
• Shahada (confession)
• Tagut (tsaki)

Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

• Shirk in legislation Archived 2015-05-29 at the Wayback Machine