Dafa abinci
Dafa abinci, ko fasahar dafa abinci ita ce kuma fasaha, kimiyya da fasaha na amfani da zafi don shirya abinci don amfani. Dabarun dafa abinci da kayan abinci sun bambanta sosai, daga gasa abinci akan buɗe wuta zuwa amfani da murhu na lantarki, zuwa yin burodi a cikin tanda iri-iri, yana nuna yanayin gida.
 | |
| Iri |
human activity (en)  business activity (en) |
|---|---|
| Bangare na | Al'ada |
| Kwanan watan | 500,000 years BCE – |
| Wuri |
Kicin wurin aiki |
| Hashtag (en) | #cooking da #kochen |
Nau'in dafa abinci kuma ya dogara da matakan fasaha da horar da masu dafa abinci. Mutane ne suke yin girki a cikin gidajensu da ƙwararrun masu dafa abinci da masu dafa abinci a gidajen abinci da sauran wuraren abinci.
Shirya abinci tare da zafi ko wuta Kuma aiki ne na ɗan adam na musamman. Shaidun archaeological wutar dafa abinci daga akalla shekaru 300,000 da suka wuce ta wanzu, amma wasu sun kiyasta cewa mutane sun fara dafa abinci har shekaru miliyan 2 da suka wuce.
Faɗaɗa aikin noma, kasuwanci, ciniki, da sufuri tsakanin wayewa a yankuna daban-daban sun ba da dafa abinci da yawa. Sabbin ƙirƙira da fasaha, irin su ƙirƙirar tukwane don riƙewa da tafasasshen ruwa, faɗaɗa dabarun dafa abinci. Wasu masu dafa abinci na zamani suna amfani da kuma ingantattun dabarun kimiyya wajen shirya abinci don ƙara daɗin abincin da ake yi. [1] Fadada aikin noma, kasuwanci, kasuwanci, da sufuri tsakanin wayewa a yankuna daban-daban sun ba da dafa abinci da yawa. Sabbin ƙirƙira da fasaha, irin su ƙirƙirar tukwane don riƙewa da tafasasshen ruwa, faɗaɗa dabarun dafa abinci. Wasu masu dafa abinci na zamani suna amfani da ingantattun dabarun kimiyya wajen shirya abinci don ƙara daɗin daɗin abincin da ake yi. [2]
Tarihi gyara sashe
Binciken phylogenetic ya kuma nuna cewa farkon hominids mai yiwuwa sun karɓi girki miliyan 1.8 zuwa miliyan 2.3 da suka wuce. [3] Sake nazarin gutsuttsuran kasusuwa da suka kone da kuma toka na shuka daga kogon Wonderwerk a Afirka ta Kudu ya ba da shaidar da ke tabbatar da sarrafa wuta daga farkon mutane shekaru miliyan 1 da suka gabata. A cikin aikinsa na seminal kama Wuta: Yadda dafa abinci Ya Sa Mu Dan Adam, Richard Wrangham ya ba da shawarar cewa juyin halitta na bipedalism da babban ƙarfin cranial yana nufin cewa farkon Homo erectus yana dafa abinci akai-akai [4] Koyaya, shaidar da ba ta da tabbas a cikin rikodin archaeological don sarrafawa. amfani da wuta ya fara ne a shekara ta 400,000 KZ, tsawon bayan Homo erectus. Shaidar archaeological daga shekaru 300,000 da suka gabata, a cikin sigar tsoffin murhun wuta, tanda na ƙasa, ƙasusuwan dabbobi da suka ƙone, da duwatsu, ana samun su a duk faɗin Turai da Gabas ta Tsakiya. Masana ilimin ɗan adam suna tunanin cewa gobarar dafa abinci ta fara yaɗuwa kimanin shekaru 250,000 da suka wuce lokacin da murhu ya fara bayyana.
Kwanan nan, an kuma ba da rahoton cewa na farko na murhu aƙalla shekaru 790,000 ne.
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Sadarwa tsakanin Tsohuwar Duniya da Sabuwar Duniya a cikin Canjin Columbian ya rinjayi tarihin dafa abinci. Movement na abinci a fadin Atlantic daga Sabuwar Duniya, irin su dankali, tumatir, masara, wake, barkono barkono, chili pepper, vanilla, kabewa, rogo, avocado, gyada, pecan, cashew, abarba, blueberry, sunflower, cakulan, gourds, da squash, sun yi tasiri sosai a kan dafa abinci na Tsohon Duniya. Movement na abinci a faɗin Tekun Atlantika daga Tsohon Duniya, irin su shanu, tumaki, aladu, alkama, hatsi, sha'ir, shinkafa, apples, pears, Peas, chickpeas, koren wake, mustard, da karas, haka nan sun canza dafa abinci na Sabuwar Duniya. [5]
A cikin ƙarni na goma sha bakwai da na sha takwas, abinci ya kasance babban alamar ainihi a Turai. A cikin ƙarni na goma sha tara "Age of Nationalism" abinci ya zama alama ta asali na kasa.
Juyin juya halin masana'antu ya kawo yawan samarwa, tallace-tallacen jama'a, da daidaita abinci. Masana'antun sarrafa, adana, gwangwani, da kuma tattara nau'ikan abinci iri-iri, da hatsin da aka sarrafa cikin sauri ya zama ma'anar karin kumallo na Amurka. A cikin shekarar 1920s, hanyoyin daskarewa, cafeteria, da gidajen cin abinci masu sauri sun fito.
Manazarta gyara sashe
- ↑ Rupp, Rebecca (2 September 2015). "A Brief History of Cooking With Fire". National Geographic. Retrieved 29 May 2019.Empty citation (help)
- ↑ Wrangham, Richard (2009). Catching Fire: How cooking made us human.Empty citation (help)
- ↑ W. Wayt Gibbs; Nathan Myhrvold (2011). "A New Spin on Cooking". Scientific American. 304 (3): 23. Bibcode:2011SciAm.304c..23G. doi:10.1038/scientificamerican0311-23a. PMID 21438483.Empty citation (help)
- ↑ Wrangham, R. and Conklin-Brittain, N., 2003. Cooking as a biological trait. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology, 136(1), pp.35-46
- ↑ Pringle, Heather (2 April 2012), "Quest for Fire Began Earlier Than Thought", ScienceNOW, archived from the original on 15 April 2013, retrieved 4 April 2012Empty citation (help)