Wikipedia

Winnie Madikizela-Mandela

'yar siyasan Afirka ta kudu

Winnie Madikizela-Mandela OLS MP (an haife ta Nomzamo Winifred Zanyiwe Madikizela ; 26 Satumba 1936 - 2 Afrilu 2018), [1] kuma aka fi sani da Winnie Mandela, yar gwagwarmayar yaki da wariyar launin fata ce ta Afirka ta Kudu kuma matar Nelson Mandela ta biyu. Ta yi aiki a matsayin 'yar majalisa daga 1994 zuwa 2003, kuma daga 2009 har zuwa mutuwarta, [2] kuma ta kasance mataimakiyar ministan fasaha da al'adu daga 1994 zuwa 1996. Mamba ce a jam'iyyar siyasa ta African National Congress (ANC), ta yi aiki a kwamitin zartaswa na jam'iyyar ANC kuma ta jagoranci kungiyar mata . Magoya bayanta sun san Madikizela-Mandela da sunan "Uwar Al'umma". [3]

Winnie Madikizela-Mandela
member of the National Assembly of South Africa (en) Fassara

21 Mayu 2014 - 2 ga Afirilu, 2018
member of the National Assembly of South Africa (en) Fassara

6 Mayu 2009 - 6 Mayu 2014
member of parliament (en) Fassara

2009 - 2018
member of parliament (en) Fassara

1994 - 2003
Rayuwa
Cikakken suna Mamao Dineo Maledi
Haihuwa Bizana (en) Fassara, 26 Satumba 1936
ƙasa Afirka ta kudu
Mutuwa Johannesburg, 2 ga Afirilu, 2018
Yanayin mutuwa Sababi na ainihi (Influenza)
Ƴan uwa
Abokiyar zama Nelson Mandela  (14 ga Yuni, 1958 -  19 ga Maris, 1996)
Yara
Karatu
Makaranta Jami'ar Afirka ta Kudu
Jami'ar Witwatersrand
Harsuna Turanci
Sana'a
Sana'a ɗan siyasa
Wurin aiki Soweto (en) Fassara
Kyaututtuka
Sunan mahaifi Mam' Winnie
Imani
Addini Methodism (en) Fassara
Jam'iyar siyasa African National Congress (en) Fassara
IMDb nm0541692

An haife ta a gidan sarautar Xhosa a Bizana, kuma ƙwararriyar ma'aikaciyar zamantakewa, ta auri Nelson Mandela mai fafutukar yaƙi da wariyar launin fata a Johannesburg a 1958; sun yi aure tsawon shekaru 38 kuma sun haifi ‘ya’ya biyu tare. A shekarar 1963, bayan da aka daure Mandela a gidan yari bayan shari'ar Rivonia, ta zama fuskarsa a bainar jama'a a cikin shekaru 27 da ya shafe a gidan yari. A wannan lokacin, ta yi fice a cikin gwagwarmayar yaki da wariyar launin fata na cikin gida. Jami'an tsaron gwamnatin wariyar launin fata sun tsare Madikizela-Mandela a lokuta daban-daban, suna azabtar da su, an yi musu umarnin hana su, kuma an kore ta zuwa wani gari na karkara, kuma ta shafe watanni da yawa a gidan yari. [4]

A tsakiyar shekarun 1980, Madikizela-Mandela ya yi "mulkin ta'addanci", kuma ya kasance "a tsakiyar cibiyar tashin hankali" [5] a Soweto, wanda ya haifar da la'anci daga masu adawa da wariyar launin fata a Kudu. Afirka, [6] [7] [8] [5] da kuma tsawatawa daga ANC a gudun hijira. [9] A wannan lokacin, mazauna garin Soweto sun kona gidanta. [10] Hukumar gaskiya da sasantawa (TRC) da gwamnatin Nelson Mandela ta kafa domin gudanar da bincike kan take hakkin dan Adam ta gano cewa Madikizela-Mandela ta kasance "dalilin siyasa da ɗabi'a kan babban take haƙƙin ɗan adam da ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Mandela United ta yi", bayanan tsaronta. [11] Madikizela-Mandela ta amince da abin wuyan da ake zargin 'yan sanda ne masu ba da labari da kuma masu hadin gwiwar gwamnatin wariyar launin fata, kuma bayanan tsaronta sun yi garkuwa da mutane, azabtarwa, da kisan kai, [12] [13][5] wanda aka fi sani da kashe Stompie Sepei mai shekaru 14. [14] [15] wanda aka yanke mata hukuncin yin garkuwa da ita.

Nelson Mandela was released from prison on 11 February 1990, and the couple separated in 1992; their divorce was finalised in March 1996. She visited him during his final illness. As a senior ANC figure, she took part in the post-apartheid ANC government, although she was dismissed from her post amid allegations of corruption. In 2003, Madikizela-Mandela was convicted of theft and fraud, and she temporarily withdrew from active politics before returning several years later.[2]

Rayuwar farko da ilimi

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Madikizela-Mandela's Xhosa sunan Nomzamo. An haife ta a ƙauyen Mbhongweni, Bizana, Pondoland, a cikin lardin Gabashin Cape a yanzu. Ita ce ta biyar a cikin ’ya’ya tara, ’yan’uwa bakwai mata da kanne. Iyayenta, Columbus da Gertrude, waɗanda ke da uba fari da mahaifiyar Xhosa, [16] duka malamai ne. Columbus malamin tarihi ne kuma shugaban makaranta, kuma Gertrude malamin kimiyyar gida ne. Madikizela-Mandela ta ci gaba da zama babbar yarinya a makarantar sakandare ta Bizana.

Bayan barin makaranta, ta tafi Johannesburg don nazarin aikin zamantakewa a Jan Hofmeyr School of Social Work . Ta sami digiri a aikin zamantakewa a cikin 1956, kuma bayan shekaru da yawa ta sami digiri na farko a dangantakar kasa da kasa daga Jami'ar Witwatersrand . [17]

Ta gudanar da ayyuka da dama a sassa daban-daban na Bantustan na Transkei a lokacin; ciki har da gwamnatin Transkei, zaune a wurare daban-daban a Bizana, Shawbury da Johannesburg . Aikinta na farko shine ma'aikaciyar zamantakewa a Asibitin Baragwanath da ke Soweto .

Auren Nelson Mandela

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Madikizela ya sadu da lauya kuma mai fafutukar yaki da wariyar launin fata Nelson Mandela a shekarar 1957, lokacin da yake aure da Evelyn Mase . Tana da shekaru 22 kuma tana tsaye a wata tashar mota a Soweto lokacin da Mandela ya fara ganinta ya fara faranta mata, inda ya samu ranar cin abinci a mako mai zuwa. Ma'auratan sun yi aure a cikin 1958 kuma suna da 'ya'ya mata biyu, Zenani (an haifi 1959) da Zindziswa (an haifi 1960). An kama Mandela aka daure shi a shekara ta 1963 kuma ba a sake shi ba sai 1990. [18]

Ma'auratan sun rabu a 1992. Sun kammala sakin aurensu a watan Maris 1996 tare da sasantawar da ba a fayyace ba daga kotu. A yayin sauraren karar, Nelson Mandela ya yi watsi da ikirarin Madikizela-Mandela na cewa yin sulhu zai iya ceto auren, ya kuma bayyana rashin imaninta a matsayin dalilin rabuwar,yana mai cewa "... Na kuduri aniyar rabuwa da auren.” Yunkurinta na samun sulhu har dalar Amurka miliyan 5 (R70 miliyan) – rabin abin da ta ce tsohon mijin nata ya cancanci – an kore ta ne a lokacin da ta kasa gurfana a gaban kotu domin jin ta bakinta.

Da aka tambaye ta a wata hira da aka yi da ita a shekara ta 1994 game da yiwuwar sulhu, ta ce: "Ba ina fafutukar zama uwargidan shugaban kasar ba, a gaskiya, ni ba irin mutum bane da zan dauki kyawawan furanni kuma in zama abin ado ga kowa." [19]

Madikizela-Mandela ta shiga cikin wata shari'a a lokacin mutuwarta, inda ta ce tana da hakkin mallakar gidan Mandela a Qunu, ta hanyar dokokin al'ada, duk da rabuwar ta da Nelson Mandela a shekarar 1996. Kotun Koli ta Mthatha ta yi watsi da karar ta a cikin 2016, kuma an bayar da rahoton cewa tana shirye-shiryen daukaka kara zuwa Kotun Tsarin Mulki a lokacin mutuwarta, bayan ta gaza a Kotun Koli na daukaka kara a cikin Janairu 2018. [20] [21] [22] [23]

Apartheid: 1963-1985

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Winnie Mandela ta fito a matsayin babbar mai adawa da mulkin wariyar launin fata a lokacin da aka daure mijinta a gidan yari. Saboda ayyukanta na siyasa, gwamnatin jam’iyyar ta kasa ta rika tsare ta akai-akai. An kama ta a gida, ana sa ido a kai, an ɗaure ta, kuma an kore ta zuwa wani gari mai nisa na Brandfort.

Zaman gidan yari mafi dadewa da ta yi shi ne na tsawon kwanaki 491 (kamar yadda aka gani a cikin asusunta na kwanaki 491: Lambar fursuna 1323/69 ), wanda ya fara ranar 12 ga Mayu 1969, a gidan yari na Pretoria, inda ta shafe watanni a gidan yari kadai, [24] kuma aka azabtar da shi da duka. . Ta nata lissafi, abin da ya faru a kurkuku ya "taurare" ta. [25]

Daga 1977 zuwa 1985, an kore ta zuwa garin Brandfort a cikin Jihar Kyauta ta Orange kuma an keɓe ta a yankin. [4] A wannan lokacin ne ta shahara a kasashen yammacin duniya. Ta shirya wata ƙungiya mai zaman kanta, Operation Hunger [26] da kuma asibiti a Brandfort tare da Dr Abu Baker Asvat, likitanta na sirri, [27] ya yi yaƙin neman daidaito daidai kuma ANC ta inganta shi a matsayin alamar su. gwagwarmaya da wariyar launin fata. Yayin da take gudun hijira a Brandfort, ita, da waɗanda suka yi ƙoƙarin taimaka mata, ‘yan sandan wariyar launin fata sun tursasa su. [28]

A cikin wata wasiƙar leƙen asiri ga Jacob Zuma a watan Oktoban 2008, shugaban ƙasar Afirka ta Kudu mai barin gado Thabo Mbeki ya yi ishara da rawar da ANC ta ƙirƙiro ga Nelson da Winnie Mandela, a matsayin alamar zaluntar mulkin wariyar launin fata:

Dangane da fafutukar da ake yi a duniya wajen ganin an sako fursunonin siyasa a kasarmu, kungiyarmu ta dauki matakin da ya dace na bayyana Nelson Mandela a matsayin wakilin wadannan fursunonin, don haka ya yi amfani da tarihin rayuwarsa na siyasa, ciki har da gallazawa matarsa., Winnie Mandela, da ban mamaki don nunawa duniya da al'ummar Afirka ta Kudu zaluncin tsarin wariyar launin fata. [29]

Jami’an ‘yan sandan wariyar launin fata sun lakada mata duka, ta kamu da cutar kashe-kashe da barasa sakamakon raunin da ta samu a bayanta sakamakon harin. [4]

Tashin hankali da shari'ar laifuka

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A lokacin wani jawabi a Munsieville a ranar 13 ga Afrilu 1986, Madikizela-Mandela ya amince da aikin wuyan wuya (kona mutane da rai ta hanyar amfani da tayoyin roba da aka cika da man fetur) da cewa: "Da akwatunanmu na ashana da abin wuyanmu za mu 'yantar da wannan kasa." Abin da ya ci gaba da bata mata suna shi ne zargin mai tsaronta Jerry Musivuzi Richardson, da sauransu, a Hukumar Gaskiya da Sasantawa, cewa ta bayar da umarnin yin garkuwa da mutane a rabin na biyu na 1980s. [5]

Komawa Soweto da Mandela United Football Club: 1986–1989

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Madikizela-Mandela ya koma Soweto daga Brandfort a karshen shekarar 1985, bisa rashin bin umarnin haramtawa. A lokacin da aka kore ta, jam'iyyun United Democratic Front (UDF) da Congress of African Trade Unions (CoSATU) sun kafa wani gangamin yaki da wariyar launin fata. [30] Sabbin ƙungiyoyin sun dogara sosai kan tsarin yanke shawara na gama kai, maimakon kwarjinin ɗaiɗaikun ɗaiɗaikun. [31] Ta dauki matakin soja, ta kaucewa tunkarar sabbin gawawwakin, ta fara sanya rigar soja, ta kewaye kanta da masu gadi: kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Mandela United (MUFC). [31] Zaune a gidan Madikizela-Mandela, 'yan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ' 'yan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa sun fara jin sabani na iyali tare da gabatar da "hukunce-hukunce" da "hukunce-hukunce", kuma daga ƙarshe sun zama masu alaƙa da garkuwa da mutane, azabtarwa da kisan kai. [31] Tana da hannu a cikin aƙalla mutuwar mutane 15 a cikin wannan lokacin. [30]

A cikin 1988, daliban makarantar sakandare a Soweto sun kona gidan Madikizela-Mandela, a matsayin ramuwar gayya ga ayyukan kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Mandela United. [32] A shekara ta 1989, bayan roko daga mazauna yankin, [33] da kuma bayan sace Seipei, [31] UDF (a cikin rigar Mass Democratic Movement, ko MDM), [31] "sun musanta" ta saboda " take hakkin ɗan adam. ... da sunan gwagwarmaya da wariyar launin fata" [6] [34] [35] . Jam'iyyar ANC da ke gudun hijira ta fitar da wata sanarwa inda ta soki hukuncin da ta yanke bayan ta ki yin biyayya ga umarnin da Nelson Mandela ya bayar daga gidan yari na raba kansa da kungiyar kwallon kafa kuma bayan yunkurin shiga tsakani da kwamitin rikicin ANC ya ci tura. [7]

Lolo Sono and Siboniso Shabalala

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A watan Nuwamba 1988, Lolo Sono mai shekaru 21, da abokinsa Siboniso Shabalala mai shekaru 19, sun bace a Soweto. Mahaifin Sono ya ce ya ga dansa a cikin kombi tare da Madikizela-Mandela, kuma an yi wa dansa mummunan duka. Mahaifiyar Sono ta yi ikirarin cewa Madikizela-Mandela ta sanya wa danta lakabin dan leken asiri, kuma ta ce "ta dauke shi". A zaman da kwamitin gaskiya da sulhu na baya-bayan nan, uwar uwar Sono ta ce, yayin da take fama da hawaye, "Ina rokon Mrs Mandela a yau, a gaban duk duniya, cewa don Allah, Mrs Mandela, ta dawo mana da danmu. Ko da Lolo ya mutu., bari Mrs Mandela ta ba mu ragowar danmu, domin mu binne shi da kyau, daga baya, watakila, za mu iya samun tabbacin cewa an binne Lolo a nan." [36] An tono gawarwakin Sono da Shabalala daga kaburburan matalauta a makabartar Avalon ta Soweto a cikin 2013, ta Hukumar Kula da Laifuffuka ta Kasa ta Batar Mutane, bayan an kama su da wuka jim kadan bayan sace su. [5]

Kashe Seipei da Asvat

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  A ranar 29 ga Disamba 1988, Jerry Richardson, wanda ya kasance "koci" na kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Mandela United, ya sace James Seipei mai shekaru 14 (wanda aka fi sani da Stompie Moeketsi ) da wasu matasa uku daga gidan ministan Methodist Paul Verryn, [37] tare da Richardson ta yi ikirarin cewa Madikizela-Mandela ta sa aka kai matasan gidanta saboda tana zargin ministar tana lalata da su (zargin da suka shafi mara tushe [11] ). An yi wa mutanen hudu duka ne domin su amince da cewa sun yi lalata da ministan. Tattaunawar da aka kwashe kwanaki 10 ana yi, da manyan jam'iyyar ANC da shugabannin al'umma suka yi don ganin an sako yaran da aka sace da Madikizela-Mandela, ya ci tura. An zargi Seipei da kasancewa mai ba da labari, kuma daga baya aka gano gawarsa a cikin wani fili tare da raunuka a makogwaro a ranar 6 Janairu 1989. [15] [11]

A shekarar 1991, an wanke Mrs Mandela daga dukkan laifuka, sai dai sace Seipei. Wata babbar shaida, Katiza Cebekhulu, [38] wadda za ta ba da shaida cewa Madikizela-Mandela ta kashe Sepei, magoya bayanta sun azabtar da su kuma suka yi garkuwa da su zuwa Zambia kafin shari'ar, don hana shi shaida mata. [12] [11] An rage mata hukuncin daurin shekaru shida zuwa tara bisa daukaka kara. [39]

A cikin 1992, an zarge ta da ba da umarnin kisan Abu Baker Asvat, abokin dangi kuma fitaccen likitan Soweto, [40] wanda ya bincikar Seipei a gidan Mandela, bayan an sace Seipei amma kafin a kashe shi. An gudanar da bincike kan rawar da Mandela ya taka a kisan Asvat daga baya a zaman wani bangare na sauraron kwamitin gaskiya da sulhu a 1997. Mai kashe Asvat ta shaida cewa ta biya dalar Amurka 8,000 kuma ta ba da makamin da aka yi amfani da shi wajen kisan wanda ya faru a ranar 27 ga Janairun 1989. Daga baya an dage sauraren karar yayin da ake zargin ana tsoratar da shaidu kan umarnin Madikizela-Mandela.

A cikin wani shirin na 2017 game da rayuwa da gwagwarmayar Madikizela-Mandela, tsohon jami'in 'yan sanda na Soweto Henk Heslinga ya yi zargin cewa tsohon ministan tsaro Sydney Mufamadi ya umarce shi da ya sake bude bincike kan mutuwar Seipei, da kuma duk wasu shari'o'in da aka yi. Madikizela-Mandela, domin tuhumar Winnie da laifin kisan kai. A cewar Heslinga, Richardson ya yarda a wata hira da aka yi da shi cewa Seipei ya gano cewa shi mai ba da labari ne, kuma ya kashe yaron ne don ya rufa masa asiri. Sai dai a wani taron manema labarai da aka gudanar kwanaki kadan bayan jana'izar Madikizela-Mandela, Mufamadi ya musanta zargin a cikin shirin, yana mai cewa bayanan Helsinga karya ne. [41] [42] A baya an siffanta shirin a cikin wani bita da Vanity Fair ya yi da cewa "ba tare da kunya ba" da "mai karewa sosai". Mai sharhi Max du Preez, ya kira shawarar da tashar talabijin ta eNCA ta yi don watsa shirye-shiryen a cikin mako guda kafin jana'izar Madikizela-Mandela ba tare da mahallin "kuskure mai girma ba", kuma ya bayyana shi a matsayin "ƙirar da ba ta dace ba", [30] yayin da tsohon TRC. Kwamishina Dumisa Ntsebeza ta yi tambaya kan dalilan shirya shirin. [43]

A cikin Janairu 2018, dan majalisar ANC Mandla, jikan Nelson Mandela ta matarsa ta farko, Evelyn Mase, ya yi kira da a binciki rawar da Madikizela-Mandela ya taka a kisan Asvat da Seipei. [44] [45] A cikin Oktoba 2018 wani sabon tarihin rayuwar Madikizela-Mandela ya kammala cewa ita ce ke da alhakin kisan Asvat.

A watan Afrilun 2018, Joyce Seipei, mahaifiyar Stompie Seipei, ta shaida wa kafofin yada labarai cewa ba ta yarda Winnie Madikizela-Mandela na da hannu a kisan danta ba. [1] A wata hira da ta yi da jaridar Independent ta Birtaniya, Joyce Seipei ta ce ta yafe wa Madikizela-Mandela, kuma a lokacin zaman kotun TRC, Madikizela-Mandela ta gaya mata, a game da kisan danta Stompie: "...Allah ya jikanta da rahama. gafarta min". [2] Bayan sauraron karar TRC, Madikizela-Mandela ta ba da tallafin kudi ga dangin Joyce Sepei, kuma ANC ce ta samar da gidan Seipei.

Binciken TRC

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Rahoton karshe na hukumar gaskiya da sulhuntawa (TRC), wanda aka fitar a shekarar 1998, ya gano "Ms Winnie Madikizela Mandela a siyasance da kuma halin mutuntaka ga babban take hakkin dan Adam da kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Mandela United ta aikata" da kuma cewa "ita ce ke da alhakin, ta hanyar tsallakewa, don aiwatar da babban take hakkin dan Adam." [11] Rahoton na TRC ya kuma bayyana cewa an sace shi zuwa Zambia na mai gabatar da kara na Sepei Katiza Cebekhulu, inda gwamnatin Kenneth Kaunda ta tsare shi ba tare da shari'a ba kusan shekaru 3 da gwamnatin Kenneth Kaunda ta yi kafin ya koma Birtaniya, ta ANC. kuma a cikin "sha'awar" Madikizela-Mandela. [11] TRC ta gano zarge-zargen da ake yiwa ministan Methodist Paul Verryn a matsayin "marasa tushe kuma ba tare da wata fa'ida ba" kuma "Madikizela-Mandela da gangan ta yi wa Verryn kazafi...a kokarin karkatar da hankali daga kanta da abokan huldarta..." . Hukumar ta TRC ta kuma gano cewa ita ce ke da alhakin sace, da kuma kai wa, Stompie Sepei hari, kuma ta yi yunkurin boye mutuwarsa da ikirarin cewa ya gudu zuwa Botswana . [11] Hukumar TRC ta same ta da alhakin bacewar Lolo Sono da Siboniso Shabalala a 1988. [5] [11]

Sauya Mulki: 1990-2003

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Winnie Mandela tare da Nelson Mandela, Alberto Chissano da 'yarsa Cidalia a Museu Galeria Chissano, Mozambique, 1990

A lokacin da Afirka ta Kudu ta sauya sheka zuwa dimokuradiyyar kabilanci, ta rungumi dabi'ar sasantawa da farar fata na Afirka ta Kudu, kuma an dauke ta a matsayin mai rigima kamar yadda mijinta ya yi kafin a kama shi. An gan ta a hannun mijinta lokacin da aka sake shi a watan Fabrairun 1990, karo na farko da aka ga ma’auratan a bainar jama’a kusan shekaru 30. [46]

Aurensu na shekara 38 ya ƙare a Afrilu 1992 bayan jita-jita na rashin aminci. [47] An gama saki aurensu a watan Maris 1996. Daga nan sai ta karɓi sunan "Madikizela-Mandela". Haka kuma a shekarar 1992, ta rasa mukaminta na shugabar sashen jin dadin jama'a ta ANC, sakamakon zargin cin hanci da rashawa. [16] [48]

Madikizela-Mandela ya yi wa jam'iyyar ANC yakin neman zabe a zabukan farko na Afirka ta Kudu wanda ba na kabilanci ba . [16] An nada mataimakiyar ministar fasaha, al'adu, kimiya da fasaha a watan Mayun 1994, bayan watanni 11 aka sallame ta bayan zargin cin hanci da rashawa.

A shekara ta 1995, fitattun mambobin kungiyar mata ta ANC, ciki har da Adelaide Tambo, sun yi murabus daga kwamitin zartarwa na wannan hukuma saboda rashin jituwa da shugabancin kungiyar Madikizela-Mandela, da kuma wata cece-kuce game da wata babbar gudummawar da 'yar siyasar Pakistan Benazir Bhutto ta bayar. Madikizela-Mandela ya mika wa Kungiyar.

Ta kasance mai farin jini sosai a tsakanin magoya bayan Congress National Congress (ANC). A cikin Disamba 1993 da Afrilu 1997, an zabe ta a matsayin shugabar kungiyar mata ta ANC, duk da cewa ta janye takararta na mataimakiyar shugabar ANC a taron Mafikeng na motsi a watan Disamba 1997. [49] Tun da farko a cikin 1997, ta bayyana a gaban Hukumar Gaskiya da Sulhunta . Archbishop Desmond Tutu a matsayin shugaban hukumar ya gane muhimmancinta a gwagwarmayar yaki da wariyar launin fata amma ya bukace ta da ta yi hakuri ta kuma amince da kuskuren da ta yi. A cikin martanin da aka tsare, ta yarda "abubuwa sun yi mummunan rauni".

A cikin shekarun 1990, ta yi hulɗa da mafia na Isra'ila da ke aiki a Afirka ta Kudu, wanda ke da hannu wajen karbar al'ummar Yahudawa na gida, da sauran ayyukan aikata laifuka.

A shekara ta 2002, kwamitin da'a na majalisar dokokin kasar ya samu Madikizela-Mandela da laifin kasa bayyana gudummawa da bukatun kudi. [50] Sau da yawa Madikizela Mandela ba ya nan a Majalisar, wani lokaci na tsawon watanni a lokaci guda kuma Majalisar ta umurce ta da ta yi lissafin rashin zuwanta a 2003. [50] [51]

Janyewa daga siyasa: 2003-2007

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A cikin 2003, Madikizela-Mandela ya ba da damar yin aiki a matsayin garkuwar ɗan adam kafin mamayewar 2003 na Iraki . [52] Har ila yau, a cikin 2003, ta taimaka wajen kawar da yanayin da aka yi garkuwa da su a Jami'ar Wits, inda wata daliba da ke bin bashin kudade ta yi garkuwa da wani ma'aikaci a wurin wuka. [53] [54] [55]

A ranar 24 ga Afrilun 2003, an yanke wa Madikizela-Mandela hukunci kan laifuka 435 na zamba da kuma 25 na sata, kuma an yanke wa dillalin ta, Addy Moolman, da laifuffuka 58 na zamba da kuma 25 na sata. Dukansu sun musanta aikata laifin. Laifukan da suka shafi kudaden da aka karba daga asusun masu neman lamuni na asusun jana'izar, amma wadanda suka nemi ba su amfana ba. An yanke wa Madikizela-Mandela hukuncin daurin shekaru biyar a gidan yari. Jim kadan bayan yanke hukuncin, ta yi murabus daga dukkan mukaman shugabancinta a jam’iyyar ta ANC, ciki har da kujerarta ta majalisar dokoki da kuma shugabancin kungiyar mata ta ANC.

A watan Yulin 2004, wani alkalin daukaka kara na babbar kotun Pretoria ya yanke hukuncin cewa "ba a aikata laifukan don amfanin kan su ba". Alkalin kotun ya soke hukuncin da aka yanke masa na sata, amma ya amince da wanda ake tuhuma da laifin zamba, inda ya yanke mata hukuncin daurin shekaru uku da watanni shida.

Komawa siyasa

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Madikizela-Mandela in 2008

Lokacin da ANC ta sanar da zaben kwamitin zartarwa na kasa a ranar 21 ga Disamba 2007, Madikizela-Mandela ya zo na daya da kuri'u 2,845.

Madikizela-Mandela ta soki tashe -tashen hankula na kyamar bakin haure a watan Mayu-Yuni 2008 wanda ya fara a birnin Johannesburg ya kuma bazu ko'ina cikin kasar tare da dora alhakin rashin samar da gidaje masu dacewa da gwamnati ke da shi a dalilin tarzomar. Ta ba da hakuri ga wadanda rikicin ya rutsa da su kuma ta ziyarci garin Alexandra . Ta ba da gidanta a matsayin mafaka ga dangin baƙi daga Jamhuriyar Dimokuradiyyar Kwango . masu tayar da hankali za su iya kai hari a tsarin jirgin kasa na Gauteng .[ana buƙatar hujja]</link>

Madikizela-Mandela ta sami matsayi na biyar a jerin sunayen masu jefa kuri'a na ANC don Babban zaben 2009, bayan shugaban jam'iyyar Jacob Zuma, Shugaban Afirka ta Kudu Kgalema Motlanthe, Mataimakin Shugaban Baleka Mbete, da Ministan Kudi Trevor Manuel. Wani labarin a cikin The Observer ya ba da shawarar matsayinta kusa da saman jerin ya nuna cewa jagorancin jam'iyyar ya gan ta a matsayin dukiya mai mahimmanci a cikin zaben dangane da karfafa goyon baya tsakanin 'yan asalin jam'iyyar da matalauta.

Madkizela-Mandela ta kasance a gefe guda a jam'iyyar ANC a lokacin bayan mulkin wariyar launin fata. [56] [30] Duk da matsayinta na 'yar majalisa ta ANC a tsawon lokacin, ta fi danganta da wadanda ba 'yan ANC ba ciki har da Bantu Holomisa da Julius Malema . [56] Madikizela-Mandela majibincin siyasa ne na Malema, wanda aka kore shi daga jam'iyyar ANC, sannan ya kafa jam'iyyarsa ta Economic Freedom Fighters .

2010 hira da Nadira Naipaul

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A cikin 2010, Madikizela-Mandela ta yi hira da Nadira Naipaul . A cikin hirar, ta kai wa tsohon mijin nata hari, inda ta yi ikirarin cewa ya “bar bakar fata ne”, wai kawai “kore shi ne don karbar kudi”, kuma “ba wani abu ba ne illa gidauniya”. Ta kara kai hari kan shawarar da ya yanke na karbar kyautar zaman lafiya ta Nobel tare da FW de Klerk . Daga cikin wasu abubuwa, ta yi iƙirarin cewa Mandela ba ya “samu” ga ‘ya’yanta mata. Ta kira Archbishop Desmond Tutu, a matsayinsa na shugaban Hukumar Gaskiya da sulhu, a matsayin "cretin".

Tattaunawar ta ja hankalin kafofin watsa labarai, kuma ANC ta sanar da cewa za ta nemi ta bayyana kalamanta game da Nelson Mandela. [57] A ranar 14 ga Maris, 2010, an fitar da wata sanarwa a madadin Madikizela-Mandela da ke ikirarin cewa hirar ta kasance kage ne.

Mutuwa da jana'iza

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Tuta a rabin ma'aikata a gidan jakadan Afirka ta Kudu a Tokyo a ranar 4 ga Afrilu 2018

Winnie Madikizela-Mandela ta mutu a Asibitin Netcare Milpark a Johannesburg a ranar 2 ga Afrilu 2018 tana da shekaru 81. Ta yi fama da ciwon suga kuma kwanan nan an yi mata manyan tiyata. [58] "Ta kasance tana ciki da waje tun farkon shekara". [1]

A ci gaba da jana'izar Madikizela-Mandela, a wani yanayi na siyasa [30] jim kadan bayan hambarar da tsohon shugaban kasar Jacob Zuma, [59] Jessie Duarte, babban jigo a jam'iyyar ANC, ya gargadi masu suka da su "zauna su rufe baki", tare da shugaban Economic Freedom Fighters Julius Malema ya ce "duk wanda ya zargi Mama Winnie da wani laifi yana da laifin cin amanar kasa".

Gwamnatin Afirka ta Kudu ta ba Madikizela-Mandela " Jana'izar Jana'izar ta Musamman ". [60] An gudanar da hidimar jana'izar ta a filin wasa na Orlando a ranar 14 ga Afrilu 2018. Shirye-shiryen jana'izar Madikizela Mandela ya kasance mafi yawa daga 'ya'yanta mata da Julius Malema, kuma an ce ANC ta yi "yaki don neman sararin samaniya" a cikin shirin. [61] A ma'aikatar jama'a, ANC da shugaban Afirka ta Kudu Cyril Ramaphosa "sun amince" cewa ANC ta gaza tsayawa tare da bangaren Madikizela-Mandela a lokacin da take fama da matsalar shari'a. [62] Julius Malema [63] ya gabatar da wani jawabi mai ban sha'awa inda ya soki United Democratic Front don nisantar da kansu daga Madikizela-Mandela a cikin 1980s. [62] Malema ta kuma soki mambobin kwamitin zartarwa na kasa na kungiyar mata ta ANC da yin murabus a 1995, saboda suna kallon Madikizela-Mandela a matsayin "mai laifi". [62] 'Yar Madikizela-Mandela Zenani ta kai hari ga wadanda suka "lalata" mahaifiyarta, inda ta kira su munafukai. [64] Bayan hidimar jama'a, an damke gawarta ne a wata makabarta da ke Fourways a arewacin Johannesburg a yayin wani taron tunawa da sirri. [62]

Wasu jiga-jigan jam'iyyar ANC da ke shirin kare kansu daga zarge-zargen da aka yi a wajen jana'izar; duk da haka, jam'iyyar ANC ta bukaci "hana". [65]

A cikin shahararrun al'adu

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Alfre Woodard ne ya zana Mandela a fim din HBO TV na 1987, Mandela . Woodard ya sami lambar yabo ta CableACE da lambar yabo ta NAACP don aikinta, kamar yadda costar Danny Glover ya yi, wanda ya nuna Nelson Mandela .

A cikin 2022, sashin hanyar R562 da ke haɗa Midrand tare da Olifantsfontein, an sake masa suna daga Titin Olifantsfontein zuwa titin Winnie Madikizela-Mandela ta birnin Ekurhuleni a Gauteng . [66]

  • Jerin shugabannin kare hakkin jama'a
  • Jerin sunayen mutanen da aka haramtawa oda a karkashin mulkin wariyar launin fata
  • Tashin matattu na Winnie Mandela, 2018 tarihin rayuwar Mandela ta Sisonke Msimang
  • Jerin sunayen 'yan majalisar dokokin kasar Afirka ta Kudu da suka mutu a kan mukamansu

Manazarta q

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  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 "Anti-apartheid campaigner Winnie Mandela dies, aged 81". Sky News. 2 April 2018.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 "Jacob Zuma set for presidency". Brandsouthafrica.com. 7 May 2009. Archived from the original on 4 April 2018. Retrieved 4 April 2018.
  3. ↑ "10 Powerful Quotes By Winnie Madikizela-Mandela". WaAfrika Online (in Turanci). Retrieved 2023-10-07.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 "Opinion – The conscience of a nation that has forgotten apartheid". The Mercury.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 Morudu, Palesa (13 April 2018). "Has truth become a casualty of Winnie's rejection of accountability?". Business Day. Archived from the original on 13 April 2018.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Kraft, Scott (17 February 1989). "S. Africa Black Group Disowns Winnie Mandela". Articles.latimes.com.
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 Dlamini, Penwell (16 April 2018). "Isolating Madikizela-Mandela was not my decision alone' says Mufamadi". Times Live.
  8. ↑ kyle (22 February 2016). "Statement by Mass Democratic Movement on Winnie Mandela". South African History Online. Archived from the original on 8 April 2018. Retrieved 14 April 2018.
  9. ↑ "What ANC said about Winnie, MUFC and Stompie at the time". Politicsweb.co.za. 12 April 2018.
  10. ↑ "Winnie Madikizela-Mandela and the ghosts of crimes past". Politicsweb.co.za.
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 11.2 11.3 11.4 11.5 11.6 11.7 "Truth and Reconciliation Commission of South Africa Report, Volume Two, Chapter 6 (pp. 543–82): Special Investigation: Mandela United Football Club" (PDF). 29 October 1998. Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 November 2009. Retrieved 10 July 2010.
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 Trewhela, Paul (6 April 2018). "The moral problem of Winnie Mandela". Dailymaverick.co.za.
  13. ↑ Tay, Nastasya (12 March 2013). "Bodies exhumed in ANC 'murder' case linked to Winnie Mandela". independent.co.uk.
  14. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named independentObitMotherMugger
  15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 Wet, Phillip De (15 March 2013). "Bodies probably won't bury Winnie". Mail&Globe.
  16. ↑ 16.0 16.1 16.2 French, Mary Ann (30 April 1994). "The Resurrected Winnie Mandela". Washingtonpost.com.
  17. ↑ "Winnie graduates after 38yrs". News24. Archived from the original on 15 April 2018. Retrieved 15 April 2018.
  18. ↑ Wootson, Cleve R. Jr. (2 April 2018). "Winnie and Nelson Mandela's marriage survived three decades of prison – but not freedom". Washingtonpost.com.
  19. ↑ Pereira, Derwin (22 June 1994). "'Invest to rebuild S. Africa' call by Winnie Mandela". Pretoria. Archived from the original on 25 December 2014.
  20. ↑ "Winnie loses appeal in battle for Madiba's Qunu homestead". News24. 19 January 2018. Archived from the original on 4 April 2018. Retrieved 4 April 2018.
  21. ↑ Hlatshaneni, Simnikiwe (4 April 2018). "Mama Winnie's dying wish". The Citizen.
  22. ↑ Sifile, Lindile (4 April 2018). "#WinnieMandela bodyguard reveals her final moments". The Star.
  23. ↑ Hlatshaneni, Simnikiwe (4 April 2018). "Mama Winnie's dying wish". The Citizen.
  24. ↑ "Nomzamo Nobandla Winnifred Madikizela–Mandela". African National Congress. Archived from the original on 14 March 2012. Retrieved 24 January 2010. In 1969, she became one of the first detainees under Section 6 of the notorious Terrorism Act. She was detained for eighteen months in solitary confinement in the condemned cell at Pretoria Central Prison before being charged under the Suppression of Communism Act 1950.
  25. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named ftObit
  26. ↑ "Operation Hunger founder dies". South African Press Association (SAPA).
  27. ↑ "Dr. Abu Baker Asvat | South African History Online". sahistory.org.za. Retrieved 13 April 2018.
  28. ↑ "Yunus Momoniat: Winnie and SA deserve an honest assessment". Business Day. 19 April 2018.
  29. ↑ "Thabo Mbeki's letter to Jacob Zuma". Politicsweb. 31 October 2008. Retrieved 15 April 2009.
  30. ↑ 30.0 30.1 30.2 30.3 30.4 Du Preez, Max (17 April 2018). "Winnie's death captured by populist politics". News24. Archived from the original on 18 April 2018. Retrieved 18 April 2018.
  31. ↑ 31.0 31.1 31.2 31.3 31.4 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named mgJacobs2018
  32. ↑ sahoboss (16 March 2011). "Winnie Mandela's Soweto home reported burnt down". South African History Online. Archived from the original on 3 April 2018. Retrieved 3 April 2018.
  33. ↑ "Editorial: Framed from the grave". Business Day. 17 April 2018.
  34. ↑ Times, John D. Battersby and Special To the New York (19 February 1989). "Winnie Mandela Agrees to Shed Guards". The New York Times.
  35. ↑ sahoboss (16 March 2011). "UDF Disowns Winnie Mandela". South African History Online.
  36. ↑ "TRC Episode 12, Part 02". SABC. 13 April 2011.
  37. ↑ Bornman, Jan (4 April 2018). "Bishop Paul Verryn on how his and Madikizela-Mandela's lives were 'intricately intertwined'". News24. Archived from the original on 8 April 2018. Retrieved 8 April 2018.
  38. ↑ sahoboss (16 March 2011). "Former member of the Mandela United Football Club, Katiza Cebekhulu appears before the TRC". South African History Online.
  39. ↑ Staff and agencies (24 April 2003). "Winnie Mandela found guilty of fraud". The Guardian.
  40. ↑ michelle (25 May 2012). "Dr. Abu Baker Asvat". South African History Online.
  41. ↑ "#SydneyMufamadi denies allegations in #Winnie documentary". IOL News.
  42. ↑ "Investigations into Winnie 'took place at behest of Tony Leon' – Mufamadi". News24. Archived from the original on 16 April 2018. Retrieved 16 April 2018.
  43. ↑ Khoza, Amanda. "Dumisa Ntsebeza accuses Winnie documentary maker of having 'no regard for our people'". News24. Archived from the original on 18 April 2018. Retrieved 18 April 2018.
  44. ↑ Nthakoana Ngatane (20 January 2018). "EFF accuses Mandla Mandela of vindictiveness". SABC News. Retrieved 15 April 2018.
  45. ↑ "Mandla Mandela wants inquest into deaths of Stompie Seipie, Dr Asvat". Enca.com. 19 January 2018. Archived from the original on 7 April 2018. Retrieved 7 April 2018.
  46. ↑ Myre, Greg (27 June 2013). "The Day Nelson Mandela Walked Out Of Prison". NPR.
  47. ↑ "Letter to lover spells trouble for Winnie". Independent.co.uk. 3 April 2018. Retrieved 10 August 2018.
  48. ↑ Gqulu, Kanyo (6 November 2014). "Winnie's past a dark cloud". Dispatchlive.co.za. Retrieved 10 August 2018.
  49. ↑ "Winnie saves face at conference". South African Press Association (SAPA). 17 December 1997.[dead link]
  50. ↑ 50.0 50.1 "Parliament fed up with Winnie's hide and seek". IOL News.
  51. ↑ "Nomzamo Winfred Madikizela-Mandela". People's Assembly.
  52. ↑ "Winnie Mandela – Iraqi 'human shield'". Bbc.co.uk. 19 February 2003.
  53. ↑ "Winnie wins over Wits hostage-taker". Iol.co.za. Retrieved 10 August 2018.
  54. ↑ Keyser, Antoinette (5 February 2003). "Student arrested as Wits hostage drama ends". Iol.co.za. Retrieved 10 August 2018.
  55. ↑ "Winnie Mandela saves the day". News.bbc.co.uk. 6 February 2003. Retrieved 10 August 2018.
  56. ↑ 56.0 56.1 Malala, Justice (16 April 2018). "ANC's attempts to honour Winnie just don't wash". Times Live. Archived from the original on 17 April 2018. Retrieved 17 April 2018.
  57. ↑ Williams, Murray & Kgosana, Caiphus (9 March 2010). "South Africa: "'Madiba' let us down"".
  58. ↑ Cowell, Alan (2 April 2018). "Winnie Madikizela-Mandela Is Dead at 81; Fought Apartheid". The New York Times.
  59. ↑ Martin, Paul (13 April 2018). "Winnie Mandela funeral: 30 years on, murdered schoolboy remains at heart of battle for her legacy". The Independent.
  60. ↑ Toit, Christelle du. "What does an official funeral in SA entail?". Enca.com Explainer. Archived from the original on 18 April 2018. Retrieved 18 April 2018.
  61. ↑ Cele, S’Thembile; Hlengiwe Nhlabathi. "Winnie's funeral rift". News24. Archived from the original on 15 April 2018. Retrieved 15 April 2018.
  62. ↑ 62.0 62.1 62.2 62.3 "WinnieMandela taken to her final resting place" (video). IOL News. 14 April 2018.
  63. ↑ Hlatshaneni, Simnikiwe (14 April 2018). "'They are here' – Malema rails against Winnie's 'traitors' at funeral". The Citizen.
  64. ↑ "'Praising Mama Winnie now that she's gone shows what hypocrites you are'". Eyewitness News. 14 April 2018.
  65. ↑ Mashaba, Sibongile; Feketha, Siviwe (17 April 2018). "ANC calls for restraint over #Winnie allegations". The Star.
  66. ↑ Staff Writer. "These 44 roads in Ekurhuleni are getting a name change – what you need to know – BusinessTech" (in Turanci). Retrieved 2022-04-24.
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