Sauyin yanayi a Kenya, yana ƙara yin tasiri ga rayuwar 'yan ƙasar Kenya da muhalli.Sauyin yanayi ya haifar da matsanancin yanayi akai-akai kamar fari da ya dade fiye da yadda aka saba, ruwan sama mara kyau da rashin tabbas, ambaliyan ruwa da hadaka yanayin zafi. Tasirin wadannan sauye-sauyen yanayi sun sa kalubalen da ake fuskanta a yanzu tare da tsaro na ruwa, samar da abinci da ci gaban tattalin arziki ma da wahala. Girbi da noman noma wanda ke da kusan kashi 33% na jimlar Babban Haɗin Cikin Gida (GDP) suna cikin haɗari. Ƙaruwar yanayin zafi, daɗadɗen ruwan sama a cikin ɓangarorin da ba su da iska, da iska mai karfi dake da alaqa da cyclones masu zafi sun hadu don haifar da yanayi mai kyau don kiwo da kaura na kwari. Kara yawan zafin jiki har zuwa 2.5 °C nan da shekara ta 2050 ana hasashen zai kara yawaitar munanan abubuwa kamar ambaliyar ruwa da fari. [1]

Sauyin Yanayi a Kenya
climate change by country or territory (en) Fassara
Bayanai
Ƙaramin ɓangare na canjin yanayi
Bangare na Canjin yanayi a Afirka
Facet of (en) Fassara canjin yanayi
Nahiya Afirka
Ƙasa Kenya
Has cause (en) Fassara Gandun daji, Gurɓacewa da wildfire (en) Fassara
Yana haddasa zafi
Wuri
Map
 0°06′N 38°00′E / 0.1°N 38°E / 0.1; 38
Masu shan shayi a yankin Dutsen Kenya na Kenya, don aikin mataki na biyu, don duba tasirin sauyin yanayi ga aikin gona .

Yanayin zafi da bushewa a Ƙasar Aid da Semi-Arid ( ASALs) na sa fari ko ambaliya da canjin yanayi ke haifarwa ya fi hadari. Al'ummomin bakin teku sun riga sun fuskanci hawan teku da kalubalen da ke da alaqa kamar kutsawa ruwan gishiri, Tafkin Victoria, tafkin Turkana da sauran tafkunan sun karu sosai a girman tsakanin shekara ta 2010-2020 da ke ambaliya al'ummomin gefen tafkin. Duk wadannan abubuwan suna tasiri ga al'ummomin da ke cikin hadari kamar al'ummomin da aka ware, mata da matasa.

Burbushin mai na shekara-shekara yana fitar da iskar carbon dioxide, a cikin tan miliyan metric na carbon, don yankuna daban-daban waɗanda ba su mamaye duniya .

Tushen gas na Greenhouse

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Rabin wutar lantarkin Kenya ana samar da shi ne ta hanyar wutar lantarki . Koyaya, saboda kirkira da rarraba wutar lantarki ba abin dogaro ba ne, wasu kamfanonin kera suna samar da karin tare da tushen mai. Fari da hadaka kawancen ruwa suna rage karfin wutar lantarki, wanda hakan zai kara yawan amfani da makamashi mai gurbata muhalli.

Tasiri kan yanayi

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Zazzabi da canjin yanayi

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Yanayin zafin jiki yana da inganci kowace shekara tun 2000 dangane da ma'anar yanayin yanayi na shekara ta 1981 zuwa shekara ta 2010 bisa ga bayanan tauraron dan adam. Binciken yanayi a yankunan Arid da Semi Aid (ASAL) na Kenya ya nuna karuwar zafin jiki da raguwar ruwan sama tsakanin shekara ta 1977 da shekara t 2014. Ana hasashen tasirin sauyin yanayi zai bayyana musamman a cikin ASALs inda tattalin arziki da rayuwar karkara suka dogara sosai kan ayyukan da suka shafi yanayi, kamar kiwo da noman ruwan sama.

Hadaka yanayin zafi, canjin ruwan sama da iska mai karfi da ke da alaqa da cyclones na wurare masu zafi sun hadu don kirkirar yanayi mai kyau don kiwo na kwari da kwari. Misali, a farkon shekara ta 2020 wasu sassan Kenya da makwaftan kasashen Gabashin Afirka sun fuskanci tarin fara . Ko da kai tsaye danganta kayyadaddun cututtuka ga sauyin yanayi yana da wahala, an san canjin yanayi zai iya canza yanayin ciyarwa da bullar wasu nau'ikan kwari.

Kimanin kashi 17% - 4,600 hectares (11,000 acres) - na Mombasa zai fuskanci barazanar hawan teku mai tsayin 30 centimetres (12 in) .

Tasiri kan albarkatun ruwa

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Kogin Shaba a cikin Shaba National Reserve - daya daga cikin albarkatun ruwa da sauyin yanayi zai shafa a Kenya

Ana fuskantar barazanar sake dawo da tafkunan ruwan karkashin kasa, babban tushen ruwan sha a Afirka, sakamakon raguwar hazo. Matsakaicin ruwan sama tsakanin Maris da Mayu/Yuni ya ragu a gabashin Afirka daga aqalla shekarun 1980 zuwa gaba, kuma ruwan damina ya ragu tsakanin shekara ta 1948 zuwa shekara ta 2009 a Kahon Afirka. Ruwan ruwa na shekara-shekara daga koguna da ke ratsa Gabashin Afirka, kamar kogin Nilu, zai ragu sakamakon sauyin yanayi. Ana sa ran karuwar fari da kwararowar hamada zai haifar da karancin ruwan sha.[ana buƙatar hujja]Yayin da ka'idojin kasa da kasa suka nuna cewa 1,000 m 3 na ruwa kasance a kowane mutum, kawai 586 m 3 ya kasance a cikin shekara ta 2010, kuma wannan na iya faduwa zuwa 293 m 3 ta 2050. Guduwar glaciers na Dutsen Kenya ya ta'azzara karancin ruwa. Kogunan da a da suke gudana a duk shekara sakamakon ruwan dusar kankara a yanzu suna kwarara a kan kari, abin da ke kara ta'azzara rikici kan albarkatun ruwa.

Tsarin halittu

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Canjin yanayi na zamani na iya rushe ayyukan ECosStEm wanda ke da hannu a cikin aikin gona, kamar ta hanyar rarraba halittar rarraba, dangantaka tsakanin dangantakar Inter, da kuma bambance da tasiri na gwamnatocin gudanarwa. Hakanan ana bukatar irin wadannan ayyuka ta fannin yawon bude ido dala biliyan 2.5. :3Ana sa ran cutar da nau'in namun daji na Kenya ta hanyoyi daban-daban yayin da yanayi ke canzawa, tare da sauye-sauyen yanayin zafi da ruwan sama da ke shafar al'amuran yanayi.

Dazuzzuka sun mamaye kashi 7.4 bisa dari na kasar Kenya, kuma suna samar da ayyuka da suka hada da inganta ingancin ruwa, hana zaizayar kasa, da shakar iskar gas, baya ga zama wurin zama ga sauran namun daji. Kusan hekta 5,000 na gandun daji ana asarar duk shekara . Daga shekara ta 1990 zuwa shekara ta 2015, gandun daji ya ragu da kashi 25% (kadada 824,115), wanda ya kai kadada 33,000 a kowace shekara. Wannan yana rage duka sabis na yanayin halittu da gandun daji ke bayarwa, gami da rage yawan amfanin itace da inganci, da nau'in halittun da suke tallafawa. Canjin yanayi na iya kawo cikas ga farfadowar wadannan dazuzzukan. Yana da illa yana shafar karfin sake hadaka gandun daji, yana iyakance hadakar bishiya da rayuwa, gami da hadaka kwaro da samun karin hadari da tsananin gobarar gandun daji yayin da yanayin zafi ke karuwa kuma fari yana karuwa da tsayi. :16Sauran wuraren da abin ya shafa su ne murjani reefs da mangroves, wadanda ayyukan da suka shafi muhalli sun hada da kariya daga guguwa, samar da damammaki na yawon bude ido, da korewar kamun kifi. Dukansu suna fuskantar kai tsaye ta hanyar hadaka yanayin zafi da hauhawar matakan teku. :3

Tasiri kan mutane

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Tasirin tattalin arziki

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Kangarorin biyu mafi mahimmanci a cikin tattalin arzikin Kenya, noma da yawon buɗe ido, duk suna cikin hadari sosai ga tasirin sauyin yanayi . Wani fari da ya kasance daga 2008 zuwa 2011 ya haifar da kimanin dala 12.1 biliyan a lalacewa. Matsalar karancin abinci ta haifar da fari daga shekara ta 2014-2022 ya shafi mutane kusan miliyan 3.4 yayin da a cikin 2018, kusan mutane 500,000 suka rasa ruwan sha.

Tana da yawan mutane miliyan 48.5, Kenya ita ce mafi girman tattalin arziki a Gabas da Tsakiyar Afirka, kuma tana aiki a matsayin cibiyar diflomasiyya, sadarwa, kudi da kasuwanci a cikin yankin. Lalacewar tattalin arziki sakamakon sauyin yanayi da matsanancin yanayi na iya yin daidai da 2.6% na GDP nan da 2030.

Noma da kiwo

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  Canjin yanayi ya riga ya shafi fannin aikin gona na kasar, wanda ke da alhakin sama da kashi 33 na GDP na Kenya kuma shine tushen abinci na 60% na yawan jama'a. Kashi uku cikin hudu na noman Kenya na zuwa ne daga kananan manoma. A wasu yankuna na Kenya yanayin zafi na iya wuce 35 °C (95 °F), wanda zafi ke lalata masara, amfanin gona mai mahimmanci a Kenya. [2]

Kasar Kenya tana daya daga cikin manyan masu noman shayi a duniya, inda bangaren shayi ya kai kusan kashi daya bisa hudu na adadin kudaden da ake samu daga ƙasashen waje da kashi 4% na GDP. Masana'antar tana ba da ayyukan yi na karkara wadanda ke da mahimmanci don rage daura zuwa kauyuka, amma ana sa ran yankunan da ake amfani da su a halin yanzu don noman shayi za su sami karin matsalolin yanayi.

Ana kuma sa ran zazzabin zafi zai iya ƙara yawan kwari da cututtuka a cikin dabbobin gida, musamman a yankunan bushe da bushewa (ASALs). Halin kiwo a cikin ASAL tsakanin shekara ta 1977 da shekara ta 2016 ya nuna shanu sun ragu da kashi 26.5%, yayin da tumaki da awaki suka karu da kashi 76%, rakuma da kashi 13.3%. Canjin yanayi zai iya haifar da asarar 52% na yawan shanu na ASAL (ko shanu miliyan 1.7) a farashin dalar Amurka miliyan 340-680 ga tattalin arziki.


Bangaren masana'anta

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bangaren masana'antu na Kenya, wanda ke samar da mai kyau don amfanin gida da fitarwa, yana daya daga cikin mafi girma a yankin kudu da hamadar Sahara . Ana lissafin kusan kashi 10% na GDP a cikin shekara ta 2010, da kuma ɗaukar kashi 13% na ma'aikata na yau da kullun a cikin shekara ta 2012, an kimar da abin da aka fitar a sama da Kshs 1 tiriliyan a 2014. Ana cinye kusan kashi 60% na wutar lantarki da ake samarwa a kasar, masana'anta na samar da kusan kashi 10% na hayakin da ake fitarwa a Kenya. [3]

Shirin Ayyukan Canjin Yanayi na Kenya (NCCAP) ya gano wasu tasirin sauyin yanayi a fannin masana'antu kamar haka:

  • Sauye-sauyen makamashi ko katsewar wutar lantarki sakamakon katsewar samar da makamashin da ke tasowa sakamakon karancin ruwan sama na shekara-shekara da kuma tsananin fari da ke sa ruwan da ke cikin tashoshin wutar lantarki ya ragu da hakan ya haifar da karancin wutar lantarki.
  • Mafi girman karancin albarkatu kamar ruwa da albarkatun kasa saboda bambancin yanayi da kara karancin ruwa
  • Babban haɗarin shuka, samfura da lalacewar ababen more rayuwa da rushewar sarkar samarwa daga matsanancin yanayi kamar raƙuman zafi, iska da sauransu. ambaliya, fari, guguwa da guguwa .
  • Hadaka farashin samarwa saboda rashin kwanciyar hankali samar da wutar lantarki, da karin kudin inshora

Tasirin lafiya

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Illa iri-iri da sauyin yanayi ya haifar ko ya tsananta, kamar zafi, fari, da ambaliya, suna yin illa ga lafiyar dan adam. :12Hadarin vector da cututtukan da ke haifar da ruwa zai tashi. :1Ana sa ran mutane miliyan 83 za su fuskanci barazanar kamuwa da cutar zazzabin cizon sauro kawai nan da shekarar 2070, [4] :3Cutar da ta riga ta haifar da kashi 5% na mace-mace a yara 'yan kasa da shekaru biyar da kuma haifar da kudade masu yawa. :4Hakanan ana sa ran zazzabin Dengue zai karu nan da 2070. [4] :3

Daga cikin mutane masu shekaru 65 zuwa sama, ana sa ran mace-mace masu nasaba da zafin zafi zai karu daga mutuwar 2 a cikin 100,000 a kowace shekara a cikin 1990 zuwa 45 a cikin 100,000 nan da 2080. :4 :4A karkashin yanayin ƙarancin hayaki, wannan na iya iyakance ga mutuwar guda 7 kawai a cikin 100,000 a cikin shekara ta 2080. A karkashin wani babban yanayin hayaki, ana sa ran sauyin yanayi zai tsananta mutuwar zawo, wanda zai haifar da kusan kashi 9% na irin wannan mutuwar ga yara ‘yan kasa da shekaru 15 nan da shekara ta 2030, da kuma kashi 13% na irin wadannan mutuwar nan da shekara ta 2050. Tamowa na iya ƙaruwa da kashi 20% nan da 2050. A cikin shekara ta 2009, an yi rikodin a Kenya cewa yawan yawan tsagaita wuta a cikin yara, ƙananan yara da almubazzaranci a cikin yara 'yan ƙasa da shekaru 5 shine 35.2%, 16.4% da 7.0%, bi da bi. [4] :4

Ragewa da daidaitawa

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Manufofi da dokoki

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Hukumar Kula da Muhalli ta kasa a Ma'aikatar Muhalli da Ma'adanai (MEMR), kwamitin Gudanar da Ayyukan Sauyin Yanayi na kasa, da Sashen Kula da Yanayi na Kenya a Ma'aikatar Sufuri su ne manyan sassan tsare-tsaren hukumomin gwamnati da aka dora wa aikin yau da kullum. gina yanayin juriya .

A cikin shekara ta 2010 gwamnatin Kenya ta buga dabarun ba da amsa ga sauyin yanayi na ƙasa. Dokar sauyin yanayi ta shekara ta 2016 ta kafa Majalisar Canjin Yanayi ta ƙasa, wadda shugaban Kenya ke shugabanta, :4tare da Iƙon sa ido kan "ci gaba, gudanarwa, aiwatarwa da kuma tsara hanyoyin da za a inganta juriya na sauyin yanayi da ƙananan haɓakar carbon don ci gaba mai ɗorewa na ƙasar Kenya", ta gwamnatocin ƙasa da gundumomi, kamfanoni masu zaman kansu, ƙungiyoyin jama'a, da dai sauransu. [5]

An aiwatar da shirin daidaitawa na ƙasa (NAP) a cikin 2015 don inganta juriyar yanayi. NAP ta ƙunshi Rahoton Nazarin Fasaha na Adafta (ATAR), wanda ke nazarin raunin tattalin arziƙin sassa, gano buƙatun daidaitawa, da kuma ba da shawarar ayyukan daidaitawa a cikin larduna daban-daban. [6] Hukumar ta NAP tana goyan bayan ci gaban tsare-tsare na Haɗin Kan Gundumar (CIPDs), wanda ya haɗa da kafa Asusun Canjin Yanayi (CCCFs). [7]

Shirin Ayyukan Sauyin Yanayi na Ƙasa na yanzu (NCCAP 2018-2022) ya bi tsarin Ayyukan Sauyin Yanayi na Ƙasa na shekara ta 2013-2017. Shirin ya mayar da hankali ne kan daidaitawa da matakan sassauta matakan da ƙasar za ta ɗauka, da nufin "karancin ci gaban juriyar yanayin carbon". Hukumar Kula da Muhalli ta ƙasa tana aiki a matsayin gungiyar da aka amince da ita ga gungiyoyin ba da kudaden yanayi na ƙasa da kasa kamar Asusun daidaitawa da Asusun Yanayi na Green .

Al'umma da al'adu

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A cikin birane, karuwar yawan jama'a da kuma girman matsugunan da ba a saba gani ba yana jefa mutane da yawa ga zafi, ambaliya, da karancin ruwa. Sakamakon sauyin yanayi yana yin tasiri ga al'ummomin da aka ware, mata da matasa.

Yankunan Arid da Semi Aid sun karbi kashi 38% na yawan jama'a, kuma suna samar da kashi 12% na GDP. Adadin talauci a arewacin ASALs ya kasance sama da kashi 80%, duk da raguwar talaucin kasa gaba daya.

Duba kuma

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Manazarta

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  1. Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named ReliefWeb
  2. Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Energy
  3. 4.0 4.1 4.2 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named WHO
  4. Republic of Kenya (2016) The Climate Change Act Archived 2022-12-05 at the Wayback Machine, No 11.
  5. Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named NAP
  6. Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Chaudhury

Hanyoyin hadi na waje

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