Wikipedia

Cibiyar Ayyukan Gidauniyar Ruwa

 

Cibiyar Ayyukan Gidauniyar Ruwa
Bayanai
Iri environmental organization (en) Fassara da nonprofit organization (en) Fassara
Masana'anta environment (en) Fassara
Ƙasa Tarayyar Amurka
Mulki
Hedkwata San Francisco
Tsari a hukumance 501(c)(3) organization (en) Fassara
Financial data
Haraji 7,171,005 $ (2017)
Tarihi
Ƙirƙira 1985

ran.org


An ƙone daji don share ƙasa don noma a kudancin Mexico.

Rainforest Action Network (RAN) kungiya ce ta muhalli da ke zaune a San Francisco, California, Amurka. Randy "Hurricane" Hayes da Mike Roselle ne suka kafa kungiyar a shekarar 1985, kuma sun fara samun shahara a kasa tare da shirya kamfen ɗin da a shekarar 1987 ya yi nasarar shawo kan Burger King don soke dala miliyan 31 na kwangilar naman sa na gandun daji na tsakiya na Amurka.[1] Kare gandun daji da kalubalantar ikon kamfanoni ya kasance babban abin da aka mayar da hankali ga kamfen ɗin RAN tun lokacin, kuma ya jagoranci RAN cikin kamfen ɗin da suka haifar da canje-canje na manufofi a duk faɗin ginin gida, sayen katako da samarwa, mota, kayan ado, takarda da masana'antun banki.

Tarihi

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An kafa Rainforest Action Network a San Francisco, California a cikin 1985 da Mike Roselle da Randy "Hurricane" Hayes.[2][1] Tun da farko, RAN ta yi aiki tare da Herbert Chao Gunther, wanda ya kafa Cibiyar watsa labarai ta Jama'a a San Francisco, kamfanin tallace-tallace na musamman kan shari'ar zamantakewa da batutuwan muhalli.[2] Wannan haɗin gwiwa tare da Gunther ya haɗa da sabon alama da kamfen akan manyan kamfanoni masu yawa a cikin shekarun 1990, ta amfani da gwagwarmayar ƙauyuka da aikin kafofin watsa labarai.[1] Sun sami shahara a kasa tare da kamfen ɗin shirya ƙasa wanda a cikin 1987 ya yi nasarar shawo kan Burger King don soke dala miliyan 31 na kwangilar naman sa na tsakiya na Amurka.[1]

A shekara ta 1989, RAN ta yi kira ga kauracewa kayayyaki da ayyuka daga Mitsubishi da kamfanonin mallakar Mitsubishi - gami da giya na Kirin da kyamarorin Nikon - saboda a lokacin, Mitsubishi tana da hannu a cikin lalacewar gandun daji ta hanyar ayyukan gandun daji; a shekara ta 1996, Mitsubishi Motors America da Mitsubishi Electric America sun sauƙaƙa tattaunawar tsakanin masu gwagwarmayar RAN da shugabannin Mitsubishi wanda ya haifar da ƙarshen wannan kauracewa a shekarar 1998.

Tare da Kasuwancin Duniya da Ruckus Society, RAN ta taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen shirya taron koli na 1999 a kan taron WTO (Kungiyar Ciniki ta Duniya) a Seattle. Kodayake kungiyar ta taɓa samun RAGS (Rainforest Action Groups) a duk faɗin ƙasar, a yau ayyukanta suna cikin tsakiya a San Francisco.

Babban darakta na RAN, Rebecca Tarbotton, ya nitse a ranar 26 ga Disamba, 2012, yana da shekaru 39, yayin da yake iyo a cikin Tekun Pacific. An nada Lindsey Allen a matsayin babban darakta a ranar 21 ga watan Agusta, 2013. Allen ya bar RAN a cikin 2019 kuma a ranar 10 ga Fabrairu, 2020, kwamitin ya zabi Ginger Cassady a matsayin sabon Babban Darakta.[3]

Game da

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Aikin ƙungiya

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Rainforest Action Network yana kiyaye gandun daji, yana kare yanayi kuma yana kare haƙƙin ɗan adam ta hanyar kalubalantar ikon kamfanoni da rashin adalci ta hanyar haɗin gwiwa da kamfen na dabarun.

Ayyuka da tsari

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RAN tana fitar da canji ta hanyar shirya kasa, kafofin watsa labarai, amfani da rashin biyayya na farar hula ba tare da tashin hankali ba, da kuma tattaunawar cikin ɗakin don fuskantarwa da tasiri mai kyau ga kamfanonin da ke jagorantar masana'antu don karɓar manufofin muhalli a fili waɗanda ke magance batutuwan da suka fara daga sare daji zuwa Canjin yanayi. Shirye-shiryen kamfen ɗin kamfanonin su sun haifar da nazarin shari'o'i da yawa da ke nuna dangantakar da ke tsakanin masu gwagwarmaya da kasuwanci.[4][5][6] RAN tana aiki a cikin hadin gwiwa tare da ƙungiyar da ke ci gaba da daidaitawa ta ƙungiyoyi masu zaman kansu (ƙungiyoyin da ba na gwamnati ba).

Kwamitin daraktocin kungiyar sun hada da André Carothers; Anna Hawken McKay; Allan Badiner, Anna Lappé na Cibiyar Small Planet; James Gollin, shugaban kwamitin kuma memba mai kafa Cibiyar Kasuwancin Jama'a; da Jodie Evans, wanda ya kafa Code Pink Women for Peace. Mambobin girmamawa na kwamitin RAN sun hada da Ali MacGraw, Bob Weir, Bonnie Raitt, Chris Noth, John Densmore da Woody Harrelson .  [yaushe?][<span title="The time period mentioned near this tag is ambiguous. (November 2020)">when?</span>]

Shirye-shiryen

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Shirin dazuzzuka na wurare masu zafi

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Shirin gandun daji na RAN yana mai da hankali kan dakatar da sare gandun daji da lalacewa da kuma zaluntar mutanen daji a Indonesia. A sakamakon sare daji da lalata turba don kasuwancin gona da masana'antun takarda, Indonesia yanzu ita ce ta uku mafi girma da ke fitar da iskar gas a duniya.

Rainforest Aikin gona: man dabino

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Masu gwagwarmayar Rainforest Action Network, kusa da Hukumar Ciniki ta Chicago, sun nuna rashin amincewa da fadada man dabino da gonakin soya a cikin mahimman yanayin halittu. Satumba 22nd, 2008.

Kamfen ɗin RAN na Rainforest Agribusiness, Matsalar Tare da Man Fuskar dabino, yana kewaye da tasirin zamantakewa da muhalli na gonakin man dabino a cikin gandun daji na Indonesia da Malaysia. Shuke-shuke na Man dabino a cikin waɗannan yankuna suna haifar da sare bishiyoyi masu tsayi na wurare masu zafi, kashe namun daji na gida, ƙaurawar al'ummomin yankin da kuma karuwar iskar gas.[7] Babban burin kamfen ɗin shine Cargill, kamfani mai zaman kansa mai mallakar noma kuma mafi girman mai samar da man dabino ga Amurka.[8] Yayinda yake amfani da matsin lamba ga Cargill, a cikin 2010 RAN ya fara kamfen don amfani da man dabino ta hanyar samar da abinci mai girma Janar Mills ta hanyar dabarun aiki kai tsaye, tattaunawa da shiga cikin membobin; watanni takwas bayan haka Janar Mill ya ba da manufofin man dabino mai ƙarfi kuma ya himmatu ga samun duk man dabino daga tushen da ke da alhakin ta hanyar 2015.[9][10] Kamfen ɗin a lokaci guda ya haɗu da matasa Madison Vorva da Rhiannon Tomtishen don taimaka musu a cikin kamfen ɗin su don yin Girl Scout Cookies-mai-mai kyauta. An ba wa matasan mata biyu lambar yabo ta Brower Youth Award saboda aikinsu.[11]

Shirin Makamashi da Kudi

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Kamfen ɗin Makamashi da Kudi ya yi niyya ga cibiyoyin kuɗi da ke da hannu a cikin samar da kudade ga ayyukan gandun daji da man fetur. A tarihi, yakin ya yi nasara wajen samun manufofin muhalli masu karfi daga bankunan kamar Citi, Bankin Amurka, JP Morgan Chase, da sauransu.[12][13][14] A halin yanzu, kamfen ɗin yana mai da hankali kan hana bankunan ba da kuɗin ayyukan kwal, kuma musamman ma cire ma'adinai (MTR), musamman a cikin Amurka. Wannan nau'in hakar ma'adinai yana amfani da miliyoyin tan na fashewa don hura tsaunuka na tsaunuka don samun damar yin amfani da kwal a ƙasa. A cewar Rainforest Action Network, takwas daga cikin bankunan tara da suka ba da kuɗin MTR a baya yanzu sun kafa manufofi da ka'idoji don ƙuntata kudaden su na wannan mummunar nau'in hakar kwal.[15] Da farko a cikin Fall of 2011, Shirin Makamashi da Kudi yana kamfen don motsa Bankin Amurka, wanda suka kira shi a matsayin babban mai ba da kuɗi na Amurka na masana'antar kwal, don fitar da saka hannun jari daga saka hannun jari na kwal da saka hannun jarin a cikin hanyoyin samar da makamashi.[16]

Za mu iya canza Chevron: mai guba mai guba

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An ƙadda da shi a watan Disamba na shekara ta 2009, yakin neman za mu iya canza Chevron ya yi niyya ga kamfanin mai na California don zubar da lita biliyan 18 billion US gallons (68,000,000 m3) na Amurka (68,000,000 m3 na sharar mai a cikin Amazon Rainforest a Ecuador.[17] We Can Change Chevron yana da niyyar matsawa Chevron don biyan kuɗin tsaftace ramin mai da aka watsar da su, da kuma haɓaka manufofin muhalli da haƙƙin ɗan adam waɗanda za su hana abubuwan da za su faru a nan gaba kamar wannan daga faruwa a nan gaba. Chevron ya sayi Texaco a shekara ta 2001, kuma ya tabbatar da cewa Texaco ya kammala yarjejeniyarsa don tsaftace rabonsa na sharar da aka samar ta hanyar hadin gwiwa tsakanin Texaco da Petroecuador, kamfanin mai na jihar. Kamfanin ya yi iƙirarin cewa ya tsabtace kashi ɗaya bisa uku na sharar, fiye da rabonsa na yarjejeniyar da Petroecuador, kuma sauran alhakin ya kasance tare da jihar da ke da mallakar filayen mai tun 1992. [17][18] Shari'ar ta haifar da hukunce-hukuncen tarihi a kan babban mai, wanda aka umarce shi da ya biya dala biliyan 18 a cikin lalacewar ga masu shigar da kara. Bayan da Chevron ya daukaka kara, kotun Ecuador ta amince da hukuncin a watan Janairun 2012.

Rashin jituwa

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A shekara ta 2003, kwamitin majalisar dokokin Amurka kan hanyoyi da hanyoyi ya umarci kungiyar RAN don ba da kowane takarda da fim da suka shafi duk zanga-zangar da kungiyar ta shiga tun 1993, don bincika ko ya kamata su sami damar samun matsayin ba tare da haraji ba.[19] Babban Darakta na kungiyar a lokacin Michael Brune ya lakafta wannan binciken "mafi kyawun ƙoƙari na tsoratar da magoya bayan RAN, kuma wani ɓangare na ƙoƙari mafi girma da damuwa daga bukatun kamfanoni don hana rashin amincewa da sarrafa 'yancin magana".[20]

Kungiyar ta fuskanci wuta daga masu kula da muhalli da ke adawa da Majalisar Kula da dazuzzuka (FSC) don kasancewa cikin wannan rukuni, [21] kodayake RAN ta ci gaba da cewa aikin su ya zama dole don turawa don kare gandun daji da haƙƙin al'ummomin gandun daji ta FSC.[22]

Dubi kuma

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  • Dajin ruwan sama na Amazon
  • Ka'idojin kiyayewa
  • Yunkurin kiyayewa
  • Motsi na muhalli
  • Yunkurin muhalli a Amurka
  • Glenn Switkes

manazarta

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  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Aronoff, Kate (2011-09-18). "U.S. activists stop Burger King from importing rainforest beef, 1984-1987". Swarthmore College. Archived from the original on 2013-06-25. Retrieved 2012-06-01. Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name ":0" defined multiple times with different content
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Nosowitz, Dan (2019-09-16). "How the Save the Rainforest movement gave rise to modern environmentalism". Vox (in Turanci). Archived from the original on 2020-11-01. Retrieved 2020-11-13.
  3. ↑ "Announcing our new Executive Director". YouTube. Archived from the original on 14 February 2020. Retrieved 10 February 2020.
  4. ↑ Baron, David P.; Diermeier, Daniel (August 2005). "Strategic Activism and Nonmarket Strategy". Stanford GSB Research Paper No. 1909. SSRN 791006.
  5. ↑ El Eris, Mona (15 August 2000). "The Home Depot-Rainforest Action Network dispute: A lesson on issues and stakeholder management". Corporate Environmental Strategy. 7 (2): 185–193. doi:10.1016/S1066-7938(00)00046-4.
  6. ↑ Asmus, Peter; Cauley, Hank; Maroney, Katharine (Fall 2006). "Case Study: Turning Conflict into Cooperation" (PDF). Stanford Social Innovation Review. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-02-02. Retrieved 2012-12-04.
  7. ↑ Richardson, Jill. "Worst Food Additive Ever? It's in Half of All Foods We Eat and Its Production Destroys Rainforests and Enslaves Children". Archived from the original on 2012-01-05. Retrieved 2010-10-25.
  8. ↑ Jan Willem van Gelder, Greasy Palms: European Buyers of Indonesian Palm Oil, Friends of the Earth, 2004.
  9. ↑ "Statement on responsible palm oil sourcing". General Mills. September 22, 2010. Archived from the original on 2013-01-22. Retrieved 2012-12-30.
  10. ↑ Koch, Wendy (2010-09-24). "General Mills boycotts palm oil that destroys rain forests". Archived from the original on 2010-11-26. Retrieved 2012-06-08.
  11. ↑ "2011 Award Winners". Brower Youth Awards. Archived from the original on 2012-05-24. Retrieved 2012-12-30.
  12. ↑ "Mountaintop Removal Mining Environmental Due Diligence Process". Citigroup.com. Archived from the original on 2012-07-20. Retrieved 2012-12-30.
  13. ↑ "Credit Policies". Bank of America. Archived from the original on 2012-07-05. Retrieved 2012-12-30.
  14. ↑ "Environmental Sustainability at JPMorgan Chase". JPMorgan Chase. Archived from the original on 2013-01-16. Retrieved 2012-12-30.
  15. ↑ "Success Stories". Rainforest Action Network. Archived from the original on 2016-11-03. Retrieved 2012-12-30.
  16. ↑ "BofA must come clean on coal". Charlotte Business Journal. February 24, 2012. Archived from the original on 2012-04-14. Retrieved 2012-12-30.
  17. ↑ 17.0 17.1 Llana, Sara Miller (2009-05-29). "Chevron fights massive lawsuit in Ecuador". Christian Science Monitor. Archived from the original on 2009-12-26. Retrieved 2009-05-29.
  18. ↑ "History of Texaco and Chevron in Ecuador". Archived from the original on 2010-11-24. Retrieved 2010-12-13.
  19. ↑ Doyle, Jim (2004-12-17). "Eco-warriors / Co-founder of Rainforest Action Network and activist spouse take fight for environment one step at a time". SFGATE (in Turanci). Archived from the original on 2020-11-17. Retrieved 2020-11-13.
  20. ↑ "Action Alert". Rainforest Action Network. Winter 2004. Retrieved 2012-12-30.[dead link]
  21. ↑ Barry, Glen. "Old-Growth Carbon Findings Cause Forest Protection Schism". Archived from the original on 2008-09-14. Retrieved 2008-09-13.
  22. ↑ Rainforest Action Network. "Rainforest Action Network Statement on the FSC". Archived from the original on 2013-04-01. Retrieved 2012-04-05.

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