Adal Sultanate

Adal Sultanate
	;
Wuri
	10°27′08″N 41°10′40″E / 10.45222°N 41.177806°E
Babban birni	Zeila (en)
Bayanan tarihi
Ƙirƙira	1415
Rushewa	1577
Tsarin Siyasa
Tsarin gwamnati	sarauta

Adal Sultanate, ko Adal Empire or the ʿAdal or the Bar Sa'ad dīn (alt. spelling Adel Sultanate, Adal Sultanate) (Somali) Daular musulmin Sunni ce wacce take a yankin Horn of Afirka. Sabr ad-Din II ne ya kafa ta bayan faduwar daular Sultan na Ifat. Mulkin ya bunƙasa a kusan shekarar 1415 zuwa 1577. ^[1] Mazaunan Zeila ne suka kafa masarautar da jiha. ko kuma tudun Harar. A tsayin daka, mulkin Sultan Badlay ne ke iko da yankin da ya tashi daga Somaliland zuwa tashar jiragen ruwa na Suakin a Sudan. Daular Adal ta ci gaba da kulla dangantakar kasuwanci da siyasa da daular Usmaniyya.

Asalin kalmar

An yi imanin Adal gajarta ce ta Havilah.

Eidal ko Aw Abdal, shi ne Sarkin Harar a karni na sha daya. A cikin karni na goma sha uku, marubucin Larabawa al-Dimashqi yana nufin babban birnin Adal Sultanate, Zeila, da sunan Somaliya "Awdal" (Somali). ^[2] Yankin Awdal na zamani na Somaliland, wanda ya kasance yanki na Adal Sultanate, yana dauke da sunan masarautar.

A cikin daular musulmi ne suka san daular da Bar Sa'ad ad-din ma'ana "Kasar Sa'ad ad-din" ^[3]

Tarihi

Sultanate established

hoton yakin daular Adal Sultanate

Masanin tarihin kasar Habasha Taddesse Tamrat ya bayyana cewa babbar hukumar Adal a karni na sha hudu ta kunshi mutanen Argobba, Harari da Silt'e. A cewar Patrick Gikes, Adal a karni na sha shida ya nada tsohuwar Harla da mutanen Somaliya. ^[4] Kawancen auratayya tsakanin Argobba, Harari da Somaliya shima ya zama ruwan dare a cikin masarautar Adal. ^[5]

Kafa Mulki

Masarautar Adal (kuma Awdal, Adl, ko Adel ) ta kasance a tsakiyar birnin Zeila, babban birninta. Kabilun Somaliya na gida ne suka kafa ta a farkon karni na tara. Zeila ta jawo hankalin 'yan kasuwa daga sassa daban-daban na duniya, suna ba da gudummawa ga arzikin birnin. Birnin Zeila tsohon birni ne kuma yana daya daga cikin garuruwan farko da suka karbi Musulunci.

A karshen karni na tara, Al-Yaqubi, wani masani musulmin Armeniya kuma matafiyi, ya rubuta cewa Masarautar Adal karamar masarauta ce kuma Zeila ta kasance hedikwatar masarautar, wacce ta fara aiki tun farkon karni.

Tasirin Musulunci

An fara gabatar da Musulunci a yankin horn tun daga yankin Larabawa, jim kadan bayan hijira. Masallacin mihrab biyu na Zeila Masjid al-Qiblatayn ya kasance a kusan karni na bakwai, kuma shine masallaci mafi tsufa a Afirka. A karshen karni na tara, Al-Yaqubi ya rubuta cewa Musulmai suna zaune a gefen tekun arewacin Somaliya. Daulolin Somaliya na cikin gida ne ke gudanar da mulkin da Adelites suka kafa. Tarihin Adal tun daga wannan lokacin kafuwar zai kasance da tarihin yake-yake da Abyssiniya makwabta.

An haifi Yusuf bin Ahmad al-Kawneyn a garin Zeila a zamanin masarautar Adal. Al-Kawneyn waliyyi musulmi ne dan kasar Somaliya. An yi imani da cewa shi ne kakan gidan sarauta da aka sani da daular Walashma, wanda daga baya ya yi mulkin Ifat Sultanate da kuma Adal Sultanate a lokacin tsakiyar zamanai.

Manazarta

Bayanan kewayawa na Ibn Majid na karni na 15 akan Zeila

Kimanin tsawaita mulkin Adal

Sarkin Adal (dama) da dakarunsa suna fafatawa da Sarki Yagbea-Sion da mutanensa. Daga Le Livre des Merveilles, karni na 15.

↑ Elrich 2001.
↑ Tamrat 1977.
↑ The "Futuh al-Habasa": the writing of history, war and society in the "Bar Sa'ad ad-din" (Ethiopia, 16th century)
↑ Newman, James (January 1995). The Peopling of Africa A Geographic Interpretation. Yale University press. p. 96. ISBN 9780300072808.Empty citation (help)
↑ David Hamilton Shinn & Thomas P. Ofcansky (2004). Historical Dictionary of Ethiopia. Scarecrow Press. p. 5. ISBN 0810849100.Empty citation (help)

[The_Cross_and_the_River:_Ethiopia,_Egypt,_and_the_Nile-1] Elrich 2001.

[2] Tamrat 1977.

[3] The "Futuh al-Habasa": the writing of history, war and society in the "Bar Sa'ad ad-din" (Ethiopia, 16th century)

[University_of_Lisbon-4] Newman, James (January 1995). The Peopling of Africa A Geographic Interpretation. Yale University press. p. 96. ISBN 9780300072808.Empty citation (help)

[5] David Hamilton Shinn & Thomas P. Ofcansky (2004). Historical Dictionary of Ethiopia. Scarecrow Press. p. 5. ISBN 0810849100.Empty citation (help)

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