Tawfiq al-Hakim

Tawfiq al-Hakim, ko Tawfik el-Hakim ( Larabci: توفيق الحكيم‎ , ALA-LC : Tawfīq al-Ḥakīm ; An haife shi 9 ga watan Oktoba, shekarar 1898 – ya rasu 26 ga watan Yuli, shekarar 1987), ya kasan ce fitaccen marubuci ne kuma ɗan ƙasar Masar kuma mai hangen nesa. Ya kuma kasan ce Yana daya daga cikin wadanda suka fara kirkirar littafin larabci da wasan kwaikwayo. Nasara da rashin nasara waɗanda wakiltar karɓar babban tasirin wasan kwaikwayon ke wakilta alama ce ta batutuwan da suka shafi wasan kwaikwayo na Masar yayin da yake ƙoƙari ya daidaita hanyoyinta na sadarwa da al'adun Masarawa.

Tawfiq al-Hakim
Rayuwa
Haihuwa	Alexandria, 9 Oktoba 1898
ƙasa	Misra
Mutuwa	Kairo, 26 ga Yuli, 1987
Karatu
Harsuna	Larabci
Sana'a
Sana'a	marubuci, ɗan jarida, marubucin wasannin kwaykwayo, Marubuci da marubin wasannin kwaykwayo
Wanda ya ja hankalinsa	Taha Hussein (en)
Imani
Addini	Musulunci
IMDb	nm4455043

Rayuwar farko

Tawfiq Ismail al-Hakim da aka haife 9 ga watan Oktoba, shekarar 1898, a Alexandria,kasar Misira, zuwa wani Masar uba kuma Turkish mahaifiyarsa. Mahaifinsa, hamshakin attajiri kuma fitaccen ma'aikacin farar hula, ya yi aiki a matsayin alkali a bangaren shari'a a ƙauyen al-Delnegat, a tsakiyar lardin Beheira. Mahaifiyarsa diya ce ga wani jami'in Baturke mai ritaya. Tawfiq al-Hakim ya shiga makarantar firamare ta Damanhour yana ɗan shekara bakwai. Ya bar makarantar firamare a shekarar 1915, kuma mahaifinsa ya sanya shi a makarantar gwamnati a lardin Beheira, inda Tawfiq al-Hakim ya kammala makarantar sakandare. Koyaya, saboda rashin samun makarantar sakandare mai kyau a lardin, Tawfiq al-Hakim ya koma Alkahira tare da kawunsa don ci gaba da karatu a makarantar sakandaren Muhammad Ali.

Bayan ya yi karatu a Alkahira, ya koma kasar Paris, inda ya kammala karatun lauya ya fara shirya karatun Digiri na uku a Sorbonne. Koyaya, hankalinsa ya koma kan wuraren wasan kwaikwayo na Paris da Opera kuma, bayan shekaru uku a Faris, ya yi watsi da karatunsa ya koma Misira a shekarar 1928, cike da dabaru don sauya gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Masar.

Wasan kwaikwayo na Misrawa kafin Tawfiq al-Hakim

Dalilin wasan kwaikwayon 'mai tsanani', aƙalla a tsarin rubutunsa, yana kan aiwatar da ɗaukaka daga ɗayan manyan mashahuran masanan, Ahmed Shawqi, "Yariman Mawaka," wanda a lokacin shekarunsa na ƙarshe ya rubuta da dama wasan kwaikwayo na aya tare da jigogi waɗanda aka samo daga tarihin Masar da na Islama; wadannan sun hada da Masraa 'Kliyubatra (Mutuwar Cleopatra, 1929), Majnun Layla ( Layla mahaukaci ne a 1931), Amirat el-Andalus ( Gimbiya Andalusiya, 1932), da Ali Bey al-Kebir (mai mulkin karni na 18 na Misira), wasan kwaikwayo da aka fara rubutawa a shekarar 1893 kuma daga baya aka sake yin bita. Koyaya, tsakanin shahararrun al'adun gargajiyar barkwanci da melodrama da wasan kwaikwayon fassara da aka fassara na ƙwararrun masanan Turai, har yanzu akwai sauran fanko a ciki wanda al'adun gargajiya na dramaan asalin wasan kwaikwayo zasu iya bunkasa. Da teez na kowane abu

Rubuce-rubucen siyasa na lokacin-yaki

A lokacin yakin duniya na biyu, al-Hakim ya buga labarai da yawa game da Nazism da Fascism. Labaran sun nuna Hitler a matsayin aljani wanda nasararsa zata nuna ƙarshen wayewar ɗan adam, wanda hakan ya haifar da "komawa ga dabbanci ... ƙabilanci, da kuma dabbanci".

Rayuwar mutum

An kalli Hakim a matsayin wani abu na misogynist a cikin samartakarsa, bayan da ya rubuta wasu labaran misogynistic kuma ya kasance a matsayin mai ba da digiri na wani dogon lokaci da ba saba ba; an bashi laqab (watau rubutun ) na عدو المرأة ( 'Aduww al Mar'a ), ma'ana "Maƙiyin mace." Duk da haka, daga ƙarshe ya yi aure kuma ya haifi yara biyu, ɗa da 'ya mace. Matarsa ta mutu a 1977; dansa ya mutu a shekarar 1978 a wani hatsarin mota . Ya mutu 23 ga Yuli, 1987.

Hanyoyin haɗin waje

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