Sashen jami’a na karatun Afirka a Leipzig

Cibiyar Nazarin Afirka , wani sashe ne na Jami'ar Leipzig da ke Jamus inda ake gudanar da bincike da ilmantarwa kan nazarin Afirka.

Tarihi

1880 - 1945

Sashen jami’a na kimiyar Afirka na yanzu ba koyaushe haka take ba. A kusan shekara 1880 an yi farkon sha’awar kimiyya a kan Afirka a Leipzig. Dalili shi ne akwai dangantaka daban-daban tsakanin mulkin mallaka a Afirka, musamman ma Tanzaniya domin birnin Leipzig ya sayi auduga daga Tanzania. Wannan auduga birnin Leipzig ya ci gaban da yin sarrafawa a cikin wani ma’aikatar auduga mai sunan “Baumwollspinnerei”. Na farkon bincike-bincike ga Afirka sun tara ilimi a kan kimiyar harsuna, ethnology da kimiyar labarin ƙasa. Shaharraren masanan kimiyar yammacin Afirka daga Jamus su ne misali Heinrich Barth, Gustav Nachtigal da Rudolf Prietze. Har shekarun goman 1930 da lokacin kafin farkon yaƙin duniya na biyu an koyar da karatun siyasar mulkin mallaka da kimiyar mulkin mallaka ta ƙasa. Gajeren lokaci kafin yaƙin duniya na biyu ya shiga, August Klingenheben shi ne yake kafa „Sashen jami’a na harsunan Afirka“. Amma wancan lokaci gurguzu na ƙasa, wato fascism, ya hana karatun Afirka ko bincike-binciken a kan nahiya mai nisa. Yayin da yaƙi, ƴan gurguzu na ƙasar sun halaka gini inda ake karantar da siyasar mulkin mallaka da harsunan Afirka.

1946 - yau

Kimanin lokacin gwagwarmayar ƙungiyoyin mulkin kai na Afirka, an sake sami sha’awa ta siyasa da ta tattalin arzikin Afirka. Wannan shi ya sa aka kafa darasin "kwatankwacin tarihin mulkin mallaka" a sashen jami‘a na tarihin al’ada da tarihin duniya wanda aka gina sabo a cikin jami’ar mai sunan Karl-Marx-Universität Leipzig. Daga nan adadin sassan jami‘a sun girma koyaushe: yankunan bincike sun zama da yawa. Akwai kimiyar harshen, kimiyar labarin ƙasa, ethnology, kimiyar yankuna, kimiyar tarihi, tattalin arziki da kuma doka. A shekara 1975 akwai tuni masaniya 25 waɗanda ma suke yi karatu motsin ƴanci na ƙasa a Afirka da kimiyar al’umma da ilimin tsari a kan yankunan kudancin Saharar Afirka. A shekara 1993 sashen jami’a na karatun harsunan Afirka“ ya zama mai zaman kansa. A shekara 2017 an sake canza sunan sashen jami’a ga „Sashen jami’a na karatun Afirka” domin akwai karatun harsunan Afirka ba kawai ba amma akwai ma babban yanayin kimiyar al’umma.

Rayuwar kimiya a cikin sashen jami’a na karatun Afirka

Karatun Hausa a jami’ar Leipzig

A sashen jami’a na kimiyar Afirka akwai digiri na farko (bachelor) da digiri na biyu (master). A duka shirye-shiryen biyu ana koyar da harshen Hausa da al’adun Hausawa. Tun daga 2000 masanin harsuna Dr. Elhadji Ari Awagana (ɗan Nijar) malamin Hausa a Leipzig ne. Shirin farko ne ɗalibai suke koyon tushen nahawun harshen Hausa da kalmomi da jimloli masu muhimmanci misali „Barkàa!“, „ìnaa gàjiyàa?“ ko „gooròo“. Daga nan sannu-sannu ɗalibai suke sami hankalin ga rayuwar kowacen rana cikin Hausawa misali tafiya cefanen kasuwa da yin cinikin shanu ko dukiya ko kayan ciniki kuma ɗalibai suke koyi yadda ake yi bukukuwan gargajiya da ma’anarsa misali raɗin suna na addinin Musulunci. Haka sai ake karanta zaɓen rubutun daban-daban. Ɗalibai suke karantawa da suke fassara bugawar jami’a, adabi, rahotannin mujallu, waƙoƙin Hausa, labarai a kan rayuwa misali Kano Market Literature da tatsuniya. Bayan waɗannan ɗalibai daga ƙwarraren kwasa-kwasai ne suke yin nazarin aukuwar siyasa na yanzu waɗanda suke faru a arrewan Najeriya da yankin tabkin Chadi. Ɗalibai suna dubi babban daulolin yammacin Afirka, jihadism da mulkin mallaka don suke gwadar fahimta dalilin da rikici a wannan yanki.

A shekarun goman 2000 sashen jami’ar karatun Afirka a jami’ar Leipzig ya shirya zaman darasin harshen Hausa a cikin garin Azare, jihar Bauchi, a Nijeriya. Bayan tashin hankalin ya fara a arewa maso gabas wannan ake yin wannan kwas a Niamey, Nijar. Saboda dalibai suka zaune tare da iyalin Hausa sun gane al’adar Hausa da kyau. Sannan kuma jami’ar Leipzig tana yin haɗin gwiwa da jami’o’i daban-daban misali University of Ibadan, Université de Yaoundé II da Addis Ababa University. Musamman shirin jami’ar digiri na biyu yana shirya dalibai su tafi, don suke cin riba fahimta a cikin saɓaɓɓin yankuna kuma suke yi mafi ƙarfin sha’awace-sha’awacen ƙasashen duniya.