Leonardo da Vinci
Leonardo da Vinci, an haife shi a ranar 15 ga Afrilu, 1452, a Vinci, (Italiya). Mahaifinsa Ser Piero da Vinci, ya kasance mai ban sha'awa, mahaifiyarsa, Caterina, ta kasance manomiya. An haifi Leonardo ne ba tare da aure ba, kuma dangin mahaifinsa ne suka yi ta renonsa. Duk da irin ƙalubalen da ya ke fuskanta, Leonardo ya ci gaba da zama ɗaya daga cikin masu faɗa-a-ji da ƙirƙire-ƙirƙire a tarihi, ya mutu a ranar 2 ga watan Mayu Amboise (Faransa) a shekara ta alif 1519 Yana da shekara 67. Ya kuma rayu a lokacin Renaissance. Ya kasance shahararren mai zane, injiniya, masanin kimiyya da fasaha. Duk da cewa anfi sanin shi a matsayin mai zane, har ila yau ya shahara da ayyukansa na littafi, inda yake zane da rubuce rubuce akan abubuwa daban daban da suka shafi nazarin halittar dan Adam, taswira, ilimin jikin mutum zuwa jirgin sama, labarin ƙasa da makamantansu. Abubuwan da ya ƙirƙira sun bar tasiri mai ɗorewa. Leonardo da Vinci sanannene ne a tarihi.
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Leonardo masanin Polymath ne na Italiyanci na Babban Renaissance wanda ya kasance mai aiki a matsayin mai zane, draughtman, injiniya, masanin kimiyya, masanin ilimin tunani, sculptor, da gine-gine. Yayin da shahararsa ta farko ta dogara ne kan nasarorin da ya samu a matsayinsa na mai zane, ya kuma shahara da littattafan rubutu, inda ya yi zane-zane da rubuce-rubuce kan batutuwa daban-daban da suka haɗa da ilmin jikin mutum, ilmin taurari, ilmin halitta, zane-zane, zane-zane, da ilmin taurari. Ana ɗaukan Leonardo a matsayin haziƙi wanda ya kwatanta manufar ɗan adam ta Renaissance, kuma ayyukansa na gama gari sun ƙunshi gudummawa ga ƙarni na gaba na masu fasaha wanda ya dace da na ƙaramin ɗan'uwansa Michelangelo.
An girmama shi don basirar fasaharsa, ya tsara injinan tashi sama, nau'in motar yaƙi mai sulke, ƙarfin hasken rana, injin da za a iya amfani da shi a cikin injin ƙara, da ƙwanƙwasa biyu. Kaɗan daga cikin zane-zanensa da aka gina ko ma sun kasance masu yiwuwa a lokacin rayuwarsa, saboda hanyoyin kimiyya na zamani game da ƙarfe da injiniyanci sun kasance a cikin ƙuruciyarsu a lokacin Renaissance. Wasu ƙananan ƙirƙira nasa, duk da haka, sun shiga duniyar masana'anta ba a bayyana ba, irin su bobbin winder mai sarrafa kansa da na'ura don gwada ƙarfin ƙarfin waya. Ya yi bincike mai zurfi a cikin ilmin jikin mutum, injiniyan farar hula, hydrodynamics, geology, optics, da tribology, amma bai buga bincikensa ba kuma ba su da wani tasiri kai tsaye kan kimiyyar da ta biyo baya.
Tarihin rayuwarsa
gyara sasheRayuwar farko (1452-1472) Haihuwa da baya
Leonardo Da Vinardar da Vinci Dan addinin Baftisma ne. Leonardo Da Vinardo Di Sri Singe da Vinci ("Leonardo, garin TUSCAN na Vinci, mil 20 daga Florence. An haife shine batareda aure ba zuwa Pcita da Vinci (Se Cero Da D't Antonio Di Sing Guippi (c. 1434-1494), daga ƙananan aji. Ya kasance mai tabbas inda aka haife Leonardo; Asusun gargajiya, daga wani baka na baka da tarihi Emanuele Emankue Refenti, shi ne cewa an haife shi ne a cikin Anchano, kodayake har yanzu yana yiwuwa an haife shi a gidan da ke ciki Florence da Sere Punero kusan tabbas ya kasance. Iyayen Leonardo sun yi aure daban da shekara ta bayan haihuwarsa. Caterina - Wanene ya bayyana a bayanin kula Leonardo kamar yadda "Catelina" ne, wanda ya ba da sunan Arten Del Widim, wanda ya yi magana da shi. . Seroero Asifa Amadori - tun daga shekarar da ta gabata - kuma bayan mutuwarta ta 1464, ta ci gaba da yin aure uku. Daga duk aure, Leonardo a ƙarshe ya sami rabin-anni 16 (wanda aka haife shi da yawa lokacin Leonardo ya kasance shekara 46) kuma tare da wanda ya kasance tare da shi sosai.
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> Kaɗan kaɗan an san shi game da ƙuruciyar Leonardo kuma da yawa suna cikin tatsuniyoyin masu zane-zane, sculptors, da masana gine-gine (1550) da masifa na tarihi na ɗan 16 na tarihi na ɗan tarihi. Bayanan haraji sun nuna cewa aƙalla 1457 ya zauna a gidan kakanninsa, Antonio da Vinci, amma yana yiwuwa ya ciyar da shekarunsa a cikin Vinci, ko dai AnchIANO ko Campo Zeppi a cikin Ikkles na San Putsone. An yi tunanin shi ya kusa da kawunsa, Francesco da Vinci, amma mahaifinsa ya kasance yana cikin florenta mafi yawan lokaci. Sero, wanda ya zuriyar layin nesa, ya kafa gidan hukuma da aka kafa a fallenya a ƙalla 1469 kuma ya sami nasara aiki. Duk da tarihin danginsa, Leonardo kawai ya sami asali ne na asali da rubutu a (fili), karatu, da lissafi; Zai yiwu saboda an san fasahar sa da wuri, don haka danginsa suka yanke shawarar mayar da hankali a wurin.
Daga baya a rayuwa, Leonardo ya yi rikodin farkon ƙwaƙwalwar sa, yanzu a cikin Codex Atlanticus. Yayinda yake rubuce a kan jirgin tsuntsaye, sai ya sake tunawa da jariri lokacin da a kama wani ya zo shimfiɗarsa kuma ya buɗe bakinsa da wutsiyarsa; Masu sharhi suna har yanzu muhawara ko ANECDote shine ainihin ƙwaƙwalwa ko fantasy.
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Leonardo da Vinci bai yi aure ba kuma bai haifi 'ya'ya ba. A tsawon rayuwarsa, ya mai da hankali kan ayyukansa na fasaha da kimiyya, yana sadaukar da lokacinsa don bincika fannoni daban-daban kamar zane-zane, sassaka, jikin mutum, injiniyanci, da gine-gine. Sha'awar ilimi da ƙirƙire-ƙirƙire ya mamaye hankalinsa da yawa, kuma bai yi aure ba har zuwa rasuwarsa a shekara ta 1519. Duk da cewa ba shi da wata al'ada ta iyali, gudummawar da Leonardo da Vinci ya bayar ga fasahar fasaha da abubuwan ƙirƙire-ƙirirensa na ci gaba da shagulgulan biki da nazari bayan shekaru aru-aru. mutuwarsa.
MUTUWA
gyara sashe-
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Manazarta
gyara sashe.a Vinci" wanda Edward MacCurdy ya fassara (1939) 2. "Leonardo da Vinci" na Walter Isaacson (2017) 3. "Leonardo da Vinci: A Biography" na Serge Bramly (1991)
- Takardu:*
1. "Leonardo da Vinci" (BBC, 2003) 2. "The Real da Vinci Code" (History Channel, 2005) 3. "Leonardo da Vinci: The Machines" (PBS, 2011)
- Abubuwan Yanar Gizo:*
1. The Leonardo da Vinci Museum (Vinci, Italiya) - official website 2. Gidan kayan gargajiya na Metropolitan (New York) - tarin Leonardo da Vinci 3. Laburaren Biritaniya - Leonardo da Vinci rubuce-rubuce da zane-zane 4. Jami'ar Stanford - Tarin Leonardo da Vinci 5. Encyclopedia Britannica - Leonardo da Vinci labarin
- Jaridun Ilimi:*
1. Jaridar Leonardo (MIT Press) 2. Rena issance Quarterly 3. Bulletin Art
- Madogaran Farko:*
1. Rubutun rubuce-rubuce da wasiƙu na Leonardo da Vinci (ɗakunan karatu da ɗakunan ajiya daban-daban) 2. Giorgio Vasari's "Rayuwar Mafi Kyawun Masu Zane-zane, Masu Sculptors, da Masu Gine-gine" (1550).