Katafawa
Mutanen Atyap ( Tyap : Á̱niet A̱tyap, sinɡular: A̱tyotyap ; karin sunan hausa : Kataf, Katab ) ƙabila ce da aka samo musamman a ƙananan hukumomin Zangon-Kataf, Kaura da Jema'a na kudancin jihar Kaduna, a Najeriya. Suna magana da yaren Tyap, ɗaya daga cikin yarukan Filato ta Tsakiya.[2] [3]
 | |
| Yankuna masu yawan jama'a | |
|---|---|
| Najeriya |
| Jimlar yawan jama'a | |
|---|---|
| 252,000[1] | |
| Yankuna masu yawan jama'a | |
| Nigeria | |
| Harsuna | |
| Tyap (A̱lyem Tyap), English | |
| Addini | |
| Christianity, A̱bwoi | |
| Kabilu masu alaƙa | |
| Bajju, Ham, Bakulu, Adara, Afizere, Irigwe, Berom, Tarok, Jukun, Kuteb, Efik, Tiv, Igbo, Yoruba, Edo and other Benue-Congo peoples of Middle Belt and southern Nigeria |
Asali gyara sashe
Atyap duna ɓangare na al'adun Nok a cikin sama Kogin Kaduna kwarin, domin ta shahara Terra-cotta figurines .
Yawancin wurare masu baƙin ƙarfe sun kasance a yankin Atyap. Yawancin waɗannan kuma an samo su a yankin Gan da ƙauyuka na kusa . Ragowar hada slag, tuyeres da Tanderu . A cikin shafuka biyu a cikin Ayid-ma-pama ( Tyap : A̱yit Mapama ) a bankunan rafin Sanchinyirian da bankunan Chen Fwuam a Atabad Atanyieanɡ ( Tyap : A̱ta̱bat A̱ta̱nyeang ) slaɡ da tuyeres da suka rage sun fi yawa a tsibirin hiɡh. Wannan gidan bayanan yana cike da kogwanni marasa zurfi da kuma dutsen da ke Bakunkunɡ Afanɡ (9 ° 55'N, 8 ° 10'E) da Tswoɡ Fwuam (9 ° 51'N, 8 ° 22'E) a Gan da Atabad- Atanyieang, bi da bi. Wannan binciken ya nuna ramin hakar ma'adinai da yawa (9 ° 58.5'N, 8 ° 17, 85'E). An gano ƙarin irin waɗannan ramuka a binciken da aka yi daga baya, yana nuna cewa hakar baƙin ƙarfe tana da ƙarfi a yankin.[4][3]
Shaidar harshe gyara sashe
Achi (2005) yana da cewa Atyap suna magana da wani yare a cikin ƙungiyar Kwa na dangin yare na Benuwe-Congo. Bugu da ƙari, a cewar Achi et al. (2019), ƙungiyar Kataf (tsohuwar rarrabuwa) wacce yaren Tyap yake, memba ne na gabashin Filato. Ya cigaba da bayar da shawarar cewa ta hanyar yin amfani da hanayar bincike ta "glotochronological" lokaci Sikeli kafa domin Yoruba da kuma Edo harsuna da maƙwabtansu, da rabuwa da Kataf Group cikin rarrabe yaruka da kuma yaren gungu na bukatar dubban shekaru. Hakanan an ambata shi ne, 'Tsakanin Igala da yaren Yarbanci, alal misali, aƙalla ana buƙatar shekaru 2,000 don haɓaka bambancin, yayin da ake buƙatar shekaru 6,000 don bambancin da ake gani a kwatankwacin rukunin harshen Idoma da Yarbanci ', lura da kuma cewa wannan yana nuna cewa 'koda a cikin rukunin yare, an bukaci tsawon shekaru zuwa shekaru 2,000 don ƙirƙirar rarrabe yaren da za a iya ganewa kuma hakan ya zama sannu a hankali ci gaban yawan jama'a da faɗaɗawa da bambance-bambancen al'adu cikin dubunnan shekaru'.
Ma'anar Tyap ita ce, ya ɗauki dubunnan shekaru kafin a raba, a cikin babban yanki na gari daga yaruka shida ko mafi kusancinsu. A matsayinsu na karamar kungiya sun bukaci karin dubban shekaru da suka gabata don warewa daga sauran mambobin kungiyar Kataf kamar Gyong, Hyam, Duya da Ashe (Koro) waɗanda ba su da wata fahimta a gare su. An fahimci dorewar harshe da sauran halayen al'ada a wannan yankin na Najeriya.
Saboda haka yana da kyau a ɗauka kamar yadda aka ba da, dadaddiyar hulɗar al'adu da fitowar wasu yarurruka na musamman a yankin harshen Kataf. Yana nufin cewa Tyap ya daɗe ya zama harshe da za'a iya gane shi tare da al'adun kayan tarihi masu rarrabewa da tsarin zamantakewar jama'a tun kafin lokacin da Birtaniyyawan suka karɓi ikon mulkin Atyap a farkon ƙarni na 20. An yi gadon wannan ɗabi'ar daga tsara zuwa kakanni har zuwa lokacin da ta isa ga zuriyar da ta gabata.
Sauran shaidu gyara sashe
Atyap ɗin suna kiran kansu 'Atyap' kuma sanannu kuma suna magana da su ta hanyar ƙungiyoyin maƙwabta kamar Asholyio (ko Morwa), Agworok (ko Kagoro), Atyecarak (ko Kachechere), Atakat (ko Attaka, Attakar), Ham (ko Jaba), Gwong (ko Kagoma), Adara (ko Kadara), Akoro (ko Koro), Bajju (ko Kaje), Anghan (ko Kamantan), Fantswam (ko Kafanchan), Afo, Afizere, Tsam (ko Chawai) da Rukuba, tare tare da Atyap, wani ɓangare ne na rukunin harsunan gabashin Filato na dangin yare na Benuwai-Kongo .
Amma wanene Atyap kuma menene asalinsu? Matsalar gano asalin asalin mutanen Najeriya ya kasance mai wahalar warwarewa. Baya ga wanzuwar nau'ikan nau'ikan al'adun asali wadanda suka saba wa juna, akwai wasu kungiyoyi da dama da ke da'awar yankunan da ba na Afirka ba a matsayin cibiyoyinsu na asali. Wannan gaskiya ne game da Atyap har ya zuwa yanzu. An aiwatar da ƙungiyoyin ƙarƙashin shugabannin dangi da ƙananan jam'iyoyi da daddare don gujewa ganowa.
Al'adar ba ta san yawancin dattawan Atyap ba. Wannan shi ne jera me ya sa shi ba a samu a mafi yawan rubuce-rubucen da na mulkin mallaka ethnographic da anthropological mawallafa da suka rubuta a kan Atyap mutane. Kodayake waɗannan hafsoshin mulkin mallaka ba za su iya yin rikodin dukkanin sifofin al'adun mutane ba, amma, yawancin sifofin da aka rubuta a lokacin suna nuna kamanceceniya da waɗanda dattawan suka ambata a yau. Don haka ingancin asalin arewa abin tambaya ne.
Tarihi gyara sashe
Zamanin da ya gabata gyara sashe
An riga an kafa shi a baya cewa Atyap sun mamaye wani yanki na yankin al'adun Nok, waɗanda wayewar su ta faɗi c. 1500 BC kafin c. 500 AD, tare da yawancin abubuwan tarihi da aka samo a warwatse a ciki da kewayen ƙasar Atyap.
Lokacin ciniki na Barter - karni na 18 gyara sashe
Tun kafin shigar da kuɗaɗe zuwa yankin, mutanen Atyap sun yi ta kasuwancin canji har zuwa tsakiyar karni na 18 lokacin da tradersan kasuwar Hausa suka fara wucewa ta ƙasar Atyap, suna shigo da takubba, ƙyalli da abin wuya kuma kasuwar Zangon Katab ta haɓaka (kaɗan ne) mil mil daga asalin gargajiyar Atyap ko babban birni a A̱tyekum a yankin da Atyap ya sani da Maba̱ta̱do shi ma ya rubuta Mabarado ; mazaunin Hausawa, Zango, da yawan jama'arta ana kiransu "Á̱nietcen" watau "baƙi" saboda hakan shine abin da Hausawa suka rage wa Atyap. A wasu kalmomin, an haɓaka Zango a wani yanki da ake kira "Mabatado" zuwa Atyap). Kafin wannan lokacin, mutane sun dauki ƙarfe ga maƙera don ƙirƙira musu kayan aikin da suke so kuma suka biya shi a hatsi ko nama. Bayan zuwan Hausawa, maƙeri na gida sun fara kwafin kayayyakin da suka shigo da su.
Al'adu gyara sashe
Bikin A̱nak da farauta gyara sashe
Kafin zuwan Burtaniya a yankin a 1903, da Atyap al'adu ayyuka hada daban-daban shekara-shekara da kuma yanayi da kuma bikin lalle ne, haƙĩƙa, headhunting shi ne wani ɓangare daga waɗanda ayyuka da aka daga baya haramta ta mulkin mallaka gwamnati. Anan akwai lissafi ta Achi et al. (2019) akan ɗayan waɗannan bukukuwan:
"Waɗanda suka samu nasara a kowace sana'ar da aka zaba an basu muƙamai da sandunan tafiya tare da kararrawa da ke daure da sandunan. Ararrawa suna taɗawa yayin da masu su ke tafiya don sanar da isowar wani mai nasara. A lokacin mutuwa, irin wannan masanan an ba su jana'izar da ta dace tare da kaɗe-kaɗe da biki na dogon lokaci. Saboda haka, bikin A̱nak (zaman makoki na shekara-shekara don rayayyun rayukan waɗanda suka yi nasara) a matsayin wata hanya ta fahimtar kyakkyawar gudummawar da marigayin ya bayar don ci gaban al’umma. Saboda imanin cewa yawan makoki na iya sanya mamacin cikin sabuwar rayuwarsa, bikin ya dauki salon biki, raye-raye da kuma ba da labarin ayyukan bajinta na marigayin . Idan wani namiji achiever cewa ya mutu, Anak festival da za a wadda ta gabãta daga wani farauta balaguro a kan dawakai. Wannan farauta ce ta babbar dabba a matsayin alama ta dimbin gudummawar mamacin. Ga A̱gbaat, zwuom (giwa) galibi shi ne tarɡet. Zanga-zangar rashin yarda stronɡ matasa a kan dawakai tare da weiɡhted pestles, an gudanar da su kafin ainihin farautar farautar. Waɗannan suna tafiya da sauri kuma suna ƙoƙari breakinɡ bango mai tsayayye tare da pestle . Don dangin A̱ku da Ashokwa, bikinsu na A̱nak ana kiransa Sonɡ Á̱swa (Rawar waɗanda suka samu nasara) inda kawai maza da mata na dangi suka shiga.
Farauta gyara sashe
A lokacin rani bayan girbin amfanin gona, duk da haka, mutanen sun tafi farautar dabbobi a cikin daji tsakanin Disamba da Maris a kowace shekara, suna yin balaguro zuwa Surubu ( Avori ) da tsaunukan Karge zuwa arewa da zuwa Atsam da Rukuba ( Bace ) yankuna kan lamuran Jos Plateau, gabas da ƙasar Atyap, kuma suna iya ɗaukar wata ɗaya ko fiye kafin su dawo gida.
Manazarta gyara sashe
- ↑ Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs namedJoshua - ↑ Jemkur, J. F.; Bitiyonɡ, Y. I.; Mahdi, H.; Jada, Y. H. Y. (1989). Interim Report on Fieldwork Conducted on the Nerzit Reɡion (Kaduna State) on Traditional Farminɡ in Niɡeria, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Achi, B.; Bitiyonɡ, Y. A.; Bunɡwon, A. D.; Baba, M. Y.; Jim, L. K. N.; Kazah-Toure, M.; Philips, J. E. (2019). A Short History of the Atyap. Tamaza Publishinɡ Co. Ltd., Zaria. pp. 9–245. ISBN 978-978-54678-5-7.
- ↑ Cite error: Invalid
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