Harshen Gourmanche

Gourmanché (Goulmacema, Gourma, Gourmantche, Gulimancema, Gulmancema, Gurma, Gourmanchéma) harshe ne na mutanen Gurma . Ita ce mafi girma ta yawan masu magana na rukunin Gurma na harsunan Oti-Volta, wanda ya haɗa da sauran yaren Moba da yaren Konkomba . Shi ne babban harshe na gabacin Burkina Faso, a kusa da babban birnin Gurma na gargajiya Fada N'Gourma ; Har ila yau ana magana da shi a yankunan arewacin Togo, Benin, Nijar, Ghana da Najeriya .

Harshen Gourmanche
Dangin harshen	Harsunan Nijar-Congo Harsunan Atlantic-Congo Harsunan Volta-Congo Harsunan Gur Oti–Volta (en) Harshen Gourmanche
Lamban rijistar harshe
ISO 639-3	gux
Glottolog	gour1243

Fassarar sauti

Consonants

		Labial	Alveolar	Palatal	Velar	Labio-<br id="mwKA"><br><br><br></br> maras kyau	Glottal
Nasal		m	n	ɲ	ŋ	ŋ͡m
M	mara murya	p	t	c	k	k͡p
	murya	b	d	ɟ	ɡ	ɡ͡b
Mai sassautawa		f	s				( h )
Na gefe			l
Kusanci				j		w

• /h/ yana faruwa ne kadan.

Wasula

	Gaba	Tsakiya	Baya
Kusa	i		u
Kusa-kusa	ɪ		ʊ
Kusa-tsakiyar	e	ə	o
Bude-tsakiyar	ɛ		ɔ
Bude		a

Tsarin rubutu

Harafin Gourmanche
a	b	c	d	e	f	g	gb	h	i	j	k	kp
l	m	n	ŋ	ŋm	ñ	o	p	s	t	ku	y

Nahawu

Kamar duk kusancinsa da maƙwabta, Gourmanché harshe ne mai sauti; yana bambanta high, tsakiya, da ƙananan sautuna. A cikin daidaitaccen rubutun alamomin cj suna wakiltar tasha; suna da ɗan kama da Turanci "ch" da "j" bi da bi.

Gourmanché yana adana mafi yawan tsarin tsarin jinsi na nahawu na suna na dangin Nijar da Kongo, tare da azuzuwan takwas da yarjejeniya akai-akai na karin magana, dalla-dalla da lambobi. Kamar yadda yake da sauran harsunan Gur, azuzuwan suna suna da alamar suffixes (ba prefixes ba, kamar a Bantu); Karin bayanan sun zo cikin nau'i-nau'i guda ɗaya/jam'i don ƙidayar sunaye, misali tibu "itace", tiidi "itatuwa" kuma ba a haɗa su don yawan sunaye, misali ñima "ruwa", soama "jini", gulimancema "harshen Gourmanché."

An ce Gourmanché wani lokaci yana da prefixes na suna da ƙari, yarda a cikin aji. Duk da haka, waɗannan “prefixes” a haƙiƙa ɓangarorin ɓarkewa ne masu aiki irin na labarin. An rubuta su a matsayin kalmomi daban-daban a cikin daidaitattun kalmomi: bu tibu "a/bishiyar", i tiidi "(the) bishiyoyi", mi ñima "(the) ruwa", kuma an bar su, misali, lokacin da sunan ya kasance. wanda ya gabace shi ko ya bi kuli “kowace”; haka u nuu, "hannu", ki biga "yaro", o joa "mutum" amma mis o joa muubi o biga nuu "mutumin yana rike da hannun yaronsa"; o nilo "mutum" amma nilo kuli "kowane mutum."

Gourmanché fi'ili ba su yarda da batutuwa ko inflect for tense amma kamar yadda tare da kusan duk Oti-Volta harsuna, sun karkata ga al'amari (cikakke vs imperfective.) Tsarin yana da rikitarwa kuma maras tabbas, tare da siffofin da ba su da kyau sun bambanta da cikakke ta hanyar ƙari ko faduwa. daban-daban suffixes, da/ko sautuna canje-canje.

Harshen shine SVO. Masu mallaka suna gaba da kawunansu. Gourmanché ya raba tare da wasu harsunan Oti-Volta halayen da sifofin ke haɗawa akai-akai tare da sunayen kawunansu; sunan yana gabatowa a matsayin tsintsiya madaurinki daya, sannan kuma mai sifa, wanda ke dauke da karin sunan ajin da ya dace da jinsi da adadin kai: yankpaalo "makiyayi", yankpaaŋamo "makiyayi mai kyau."

Lexicography

Akwai ƙamus na Gourmanché-Faransa na gaskiya amma babu cikakken nahawu mai sauƙi.

Adabi

Akwai cikakkiyar fassarar Littafi Mai Tsarki.

Sunayen dabbobi

Sunayen kwadi na Gumancéma da Mooré da makamancinsu na Ingilishi (kusan duk nau'in kwadi ana cinye su azaman abinci):

Gulmancéma	Mooré	Scientific name	English
Tiarli moanga	Poond youga	Afrixalus vittiger	Spiny Reed Frog
Pouang piéga	Poond youga	Afrixalus weidholzi	Weidholz's Banana Frog
Pouand boani	Poond sablga	Amietophrynus maculatus	Hallowell's Toad
Pouand koulougou	Poond sablga	Amietophrynus regularis	Egyptian Toad
Pouand gnouali	Poond miougou	Amietophrynus xeros	Desert Toad
Gnissolopouandi	Kossoilhg poondré	Bufo pentoni	Shaata Gardens Toad
Pouandi napoualé	Yoondé	Hemisus marmoratus	Shovel-nosed frog
Tiarlo	Souansga	Hildebrandtia ornata	Budgett's Burrowing Frog
Louandi moali	Louanga	Hoplobatrachus occipitalis	African tiger frog
Tiarli pieno	Boulwéoogo	Hylarana galamensis	Yellow-striped Frog
Pouand piéga	Pouand youga	Hyperolius concolor	Hallowell's Sedge Frog
Tiarli moanga	Pouand youga	Hyperolius nitidulus
Tiarli bouanga	Poondr zembouanga	Kassina cassinoides
Pouand bouanli	Poond bougdi	Kassina fusca	Pale Running Frog
Tiarli bouanga	Poondr zembouanga	Kassina senegalensis	Senegal Kassin's Frog
Pouand koulougou	Poond sablga	Leptopelis bufonides	Ground Tree Frog
Gnissolopoanga	Poond youga	Leptopelis viridis	Savannah Tree Frog
Patanpouandi	Louang sablga	Phrynobatrachus calcaratus	Boutry River Frog
Pouand bouanga	Louong sablga	Phrynobatrachus francisci
Pouand bouanga	Boulwéoogo	Phrynobatrachus gutturosus	Guttural Puddle Frog
Batiarlo	Boulonboukou	Phrynobatrachus latifrons	Accra River Frog
Thialondo	Boulghin louanga	Phrynobatrachus natalensis	Natal River Frog
Pouang moanga	Poond wiilé	Phrynomantis microps	Red Rubber Frog
Foipoando	Mouonghin souansga	Ptychadena bibroni	Broad-banded Grass Frog
Tiarli Bouanga	Bouonghin souansga	Ptychadena mascareniensis	Mascarene Grassland Frog
Pouand pièga	Biihrin souanga	Ptychadena oxyrhynchus	Sharp-nosed Rocket Frog
Tiarli moanga	Poughin souansga	Ptychadena pumilio	Little Rocket Frog
Pouandi gnoanli	Louang sablga	Ptychadena schillukorum	Schilluk Ridged Frog
Tiarli gnoiarlinga	Tampou souansga	Ptychadena tellinii	Central Grassland Frog
Tiarli gnoanrga	Biihrin souansga	Ptychadena tournieri	Tournier's Rocket Frog
Pouand gourou	Boulonboukou	Ptychadena trinodis	Dakar Grassland Frog
Pouandi koulougou	Boulonboukou	Pyxicephalus edulis	Edible Frog
Pouandi bouali	Poondré	Tomopterna cryptotis	Cryptic sand frog
Louand boani	Louang boudi	Xenopus muelleri	Savanna Clawed Frog