Benedict: Na sha shida ko Joseph Ratzinger (An haife shi a ran shashida ga Afrilu a shekara ta 1927, a Marktl, Jamus) fafaroma ne daga 2005 (bayan John Paul na Biyu) zuwa 2013 (kafin Francis). Ya rasu a ranar 31 ga Disamba a shekara ta 2022, a birnin Rum.

Benedict na Sha Shida
Pope emeritus (en) Fassara

28 ga Faburairu, 2013 - 31 Disamba 2022
265. Paparoma

19 ga Afirilu, 2005 - 28 ga Faburairu, 2013
John Paul na Biyu - Francis
cardinal-bishop of Ostia (en) Fassara

30 Nuwamba, 2002 - 19 ga Afirilu, 2005
Bernardin Gantin (en) Fassara - Angelo Sodano (en) Fassara
Dioceses: Roman Catholic Suburbicarian Diocese of Ostia (en) Fassara
Dean of the College of Cardinals (en) Fassara

27 Nuwamba, 2002 - 19 ga Afirilu, 2005
Bernardin Gantin (en) Fassara - Angelo Sodano (en) Fassara
Cardinal-Bishop of Velletri-Segni (en) Fassara

5 ga Afirilu, 1993 - 19 ga Afirilu, 2005
Dioceses: Roman Catholic Suburbicarian Diocese of Velletri-Segni (en) Fassara
prefect of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith (en) Fassara

25 Nuwamba, 1981 - 13 Mayu 2005
Franjo Šeper (en) Fassara - William Levada (en) Fassara
cardinal (en) Fassara

27 ga Yuni, 1977 -
cardinal priest (en) Fassara

27 ga Yuni, 1977 - 5 ga Afirilu, 1993
Roman Catholic Archbishop of Munich and Freising (en) Fassara

24 ga Maris, 1977 - 15 ga Faburairu, 1982
Julius Döpfner (en) Fassara - Friedrich Wetter (en) Fassara
Dioceses: Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Munich and Freising (en) Fassara
Rayuwa
Cikakken suna Joseph Aloisius Ratzinger
Haihuwa Birth house of Benedict XVI (en) Fassara da Marktl (en) Fassara, 16 ga Afirilu, 1927
ƙasa Jamus
Vatican
Italiya
Mazauni Mater Ecclesiae Monastery (en) Fassara
Ƙabila Germans (en) Fassara
Harshen uwa Jamusanci
Mutuwa Mater Ecclesiae Monastery (en) Fassara da Vatican, 31 Disamba 2022
Makwanci Vatican Grotto (en) Fassara
Yanayin mutuwa Sababi na ainihi
Ƴan uwa
Mahaifi Joseph Ratzinger, Sr.
Mahaifiya Maria Peintner
Abokiyar zama Not married
Ahali Georg Ratzinger (en) Fassara
Ƴan uwa
Karatu
Makaranta Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich (en) Fassara
Ducal Georgianum (en) Fassara
(1949 - 29 ga Yuni, 1951)
Matakin karatu doctorate (en) Fassara
Farfesa
Doctor of Divinity (en) Fassara
Thesis The People and the House of God in St. Augustine's Doctrine of the Church
Thesis director Michael Schmaus (en) Fassara
Dalibin daktanci Hub Schnackers (en) Fassara
Harsuna Jamusanci
Harshen Latin
Italiyanci
Faransanci
Turanci
Yaren Sifen
Ɗalibai
Sana'a
Sana'a Latin Catholic priest (en) Fassara, Malamin akida, religious writer (en) Fassara, pianist (en) Fassara, university teacher (en) Fassara, mai falsafa, transitional deacon (en) Fassara, Catholic deacon (en) Fassara, Latin Catholic bishop (en) Fassara, Paparoma, Catholic theologian (en) Fassara da archbishop (en) Fassara
Wurin aiki Bonn (en) Fassara, München, Roma, Vatican, Tübingen (en) Fassara da Regensburg (en) Fassara
Employers University of Tübingen (en) Fassara
University of Münster (en) Fassara
Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich (en) Fassara
University of Bonn (en) Fassara
University of Regensburg (en) Fassara
Kyaututtuka
Mamba North Rhine-Westphalia Academy for Sciences and Arts (en) Fassara
European Academy of Sciences and Arts (en) Fassara
Académie des Sciences Morales et Politiques (en) Fassara
Pontifical Academy of St. Thomas Aquinas (en) Fassara
Hitler Youth (en) Fassara
Kayan kida piano (en) Fassara
Aikin soja
Ya faɗaci Yakin Duniya na II
Imani
Addini Cocin katolika
Katolika
IMDb nm1909127
vatican.va…
Benedict na Sha Shida a shekara ta 2010.

ya kasance shugaban Cocin Katolika kuma mai mulkin Jahar Vatican daga 19 Afrilu 2005 har zuwa murabus dinsa a ranar 28 ga Fabrairu 2013. Zaben Benedict a matsayin Paparoma ya faru ne a taron Paparoma na 2005 wanda ya biyo bayan mutuwar Paparoma John Paul na biyu . Benedict ya zaɓi a san shi da " Paparoma Emeritus " a kan murabus ɗinsa, kuma ya ci gaba da riƙe wannan lakabi har mutuwarsa a cikin Disamba 2022. [1] [2]

Joseph Ratzinger tare da wasu mutane

An naɗa shi a matsayin frist a 1951 a ƙasarsa ta Bavaria, Ratzinger ya fara aikin ilimi kuma ya kafa kansa a matsayin masanin tauhidi mai daraja a ƙarshen 1950s. An nada shi cikakken farfesa a 1958 yana da shekaru 31. Bayan ya yi aiki mai tsawo a matsayin farfesa na ilimin tauhidi a jami'o'in Jamus da dama, an nada shi Archbishop na Munich da Freising kuma Paparoma Paul na VI ya kirkiro wani Cardinal a shekara ta 1977, wani sabon ci gaba da ba a saba gani ba ga wanda ba shi da kwarewar fastoci. A cikin 1981, an nada shi Shugaban Ikilisiya don Koyarwar Bangaskiya, ɗaya daga cikin mahimman ka'idoji na Roman Curia . Daga 2002 har zuwa lokacin da aka zabe shi Paparoma, ya kasance shugaban Kwalejin Cardinals . Kafin ya zama Paparoma, ya kasance "babban jigo a dandalin Vatican na kwata na karni"; yana da tasiri "na biyu zuwa ba ko ɗaya idan aka zo batun kafa al'amuran coci da jagorori" a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin amintattun John Paul II . [3] Rubuce-rubucen Benedict sun yi yawa kuma gabaɗaya sun kare koyarwar Katolika na gargajiya, dabi'u, da liturgy. [4] Asalinsa malamin tauhidi ne mai sassaucin ra'ayi amma ya ɗauki ra'ayin mazan jiya bayan 1968. [5] A lokacin sarautarsa, Benedict ya ba da shawarar komawa ga muhimman dabi'u na Kirista don magance karuwar rashin zaman lafiya na yawancin kasashen yammacin Turai . Ya duba ma'anar tsarin ilimin halayyar gaskiya, kuma musun gaskiyar gaskiyar abin ɗabi'a musamman, a matsayin karni na tsakiya na karni na 21. Benedict kuma ya farfado da hadisai da yawa, gami da Mass Tridentine

Rayuwa ta farko: 1927-1951 gyara sashe

Joseph Aloisius Ratzinger ( German: [ˈjoːzɛf ʔaˈlɔʏzi̯ʊs ˈʁatsɪŋɐ] ) an haife shi a ranar 16 ga Afrilu, Asabar Mai Tsarki, 1927 a Schulstraße 11 da ƙarfe 8:30 na safe a gidan iyayensa da ke Marktl, Bavaria, Jamus. Ya yi baftisma a wannan rana. Shi ne ɗa na uku kuma ƙarami na Joseph Ratzinger Sr., ɗan sanda, da Maria Ratzinger ( née Peintner ); Kakansa shi ne firist-dan siyasar Jamus Georg Ratzinger . Iyalin mahaifiyarsa sun fito ne daga Kudancin Tyrol (yanzu a Italiya). [6] Babban ɗan'uwan Benedict, Georg, ya zama limamin Katolika kuma shi ne tsohon darektan ƙungiyar mawaƙa ta Regensburger Domspatzen . [7] 'Yar'uwarsa, Maria, wadda ba ta taɓa yin aure ba, ta kula da gidan ɗan'uwanta Yusufu har sai ta mutu a 1991. [8]

 
Joseph Ratzinger

A lokacin da yake da shekaru biyar, Ratzinger ya kasance a cikin ƙungiyar yara waɗanda suka yi maraba da ziyarar Cardinal Archbishop na Munich, Michael von Faulhaber, tare da furanni. An buge shi da rigar musamman na Cardinal, sai ya sanar a ranar cewa yana son zama Cardinal. Ya halarci makarantar firamare a Aschau am Inn, wanda aka canza masa suna a cikin 2009. [9] A cikin 1939, yana da shekaru 12, ya shiga cikin ƙaramin makarantar hauza a Traunstein . [10] Wannan lokacin ya kasance har zuwa lokacin da aka rufe makarantar hauza don aikin soja a 1942, kuma an mayar da daliban gida. Ratzinger ya koma Traunstein. [11]

Lokacin yaƙi da nadawa gyara sashe

 
Joseph Ratzinger tare da wasu mutane

Iyalin Ratzinger, musamman mahaifinsa, sun ji haushin Nazis sosai, kuma hamayyar mahaifinsa ga Naziism ya haifar da raguwa da cin zarafi ga iyalin. [12] Bayan haihuwarsa ta 14 a shekara ta 1941, Ratzinger ya shiga cikin Matasa na Hitler —kamar yadda doka ta buƙaci zama memba ga dukan ’ya’yan Jamus maza ’yan shekara 14 bayan Maris 1939 [13] —amma memba ne mara ƙwazo da ya ƙi halartar taro, in ji dan uwansa. [14] A cikin 1941, ɗaya daga cikin 'yan uwan Ratzinger, yaro ɗan shekara 14 da Down syndrome, gwamnatin Nazi ta ɗauke shi kuma aka kashe shi a lokacin yaƙin Aktion T4 na Nazi eugenics . [15] A cikin 1943, yayin da yake cikin makarantar hauza, an sanya shi cikin ƙungiyar yaƙi da jiragen sama na Jamus a matsayin Luftwaffenhelfer . [14] Daga nan sai Ratzinger ya samu horo a cikin rundunar sojojin Jamus. [16] Yayin da ƙungiyar Allied ta gabatowa kusa da mukaminsa a cikin 1945, ya koma gidan danginsa a Traunstein bayan ƙungiyarsa ta daina wanzuwa, kamar yadda sojojin Amurka suka kafa hedkwatar gidan Ratzinger. [17] A matsayinsa na sojan Jamus, an shigar da shi fursunoni a sansanonin yaƙi na Amurka, na farko a Neu-Ulm, sannan a Fliegerhorst Bad Aibling (nan da nan za a sake mayar da shi azaman tashar Bad Aibling ) inda yake a lokacin Nasara a Ranar Turai, kuma an sake shi. 19 ga Yuni 1945. [18] [19]

Manazarta gyara sashe

  1. Pope Benedict XVI (12 March 2008), Boethius and Cassiodorus, archived from the original on 28 December 2008, retrieved 4 November 2009
  2. https://www.vatican.va/content/benedict-xvi/it/audiences/2007/documents/hf_ben-xvi_aud_20070418.html
  3. saka manazarta
  4. Owen, Richard (6 June 2008). "Vatican to publish entire work by bestselling author Pope Benedict XVI". The Times. London. Retrieved 10 February 2019.
  5. "Disillusioned German Catholics: From Liberal to Conservative". Der Spiegel. 20 September 2011. Retrieved 17 February 2013.
  6. "Benedict XVI, General Audience: Saint Teresa of Avila". Vatican.va. Vatican Publishing House. 2 February 2011
  7. Pope Benedict XVI 2007, pp. 24–27.
  8. "Benedict XVI's last remaining sibling, Georg Ratzinger, has died". America Magazine (in Turanci). 1 July 2020. Retrieved 31 December 2022.
  9. Mrugala, Anette (10 July 2009). ""Papst-Schule" eingeweiht" ["Pope school" opened] (in Jamusanci). Innsalzach24.de. Archived from the original on 31 March 2012. Retrieved 17 September 2011.
  10. Cardinal Ratzinger: the Vatican's enforcer of the faith.
  11. Cardinal Ratzinger: the Vatican's enforcer of the faith.
  12. Landler, Mark; Bernstein, Richard (22 April 2005). "A Future Pope Is Recalled: A Lover of Cats and Mozart, Dazzled by Church as a Boy". The New York Times.
  13. Zweite Durchführungsverordnung zum Gesetz über die Hitler-Jugend (Jugenddienstverordnung) vom 25.
  14. 14.0 14.1 "New Pope Defied Nazis As Teen During WWII". USA Today. Associated Press. 23 April 2005. Archived from the original on 4 January 2012. Retrieved 10 July 2009.
  15. Allen, John (14 October 2005). "Anti-Nazi Prelate Beatified". The Word from Rome. National Catholic Reporter. Retrieved 15 April 2008.
  16. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/aug/31/pope-benedict-latin-academy
  17. https://www.nytimes.com/2005/04/27/international/worldspecial2/in-6-languages-benedict-xvi-gets-comfortable.html
  18. Babbel.com; GmbH, Lesson Nine. "The Tale of the Polyglot Pope". Babbel Magazine. Retrieved 4 September 2022
  19. "Pope Benedict XVI: Quick Facts". United States Conference of Catholic Bishops. Archived from the original on 16 June 2011. Retrieved 4 November 2007.