Rana
Rana (alama: .svg){kind=small}
), wata babbar halitta ce da ke fitar da iska da haske sakamakon ci da wuta da take yi, haka ne ya sa ta zama fitilar da ke haskaka sararin samaniya gaba ɗaya, a takaice dai rana ita ce ke haskaka gaba ɗayan Duniyoyin da ke cikin sararin sama gaba dayansu. Duniyoyin suna zagaye da rana a bisa ƙudirar Ubangiji suna yin zagayen ne akasin hannun agogo wato suna yin zagayen ne ta hannun hagu. Shi ya sa mu duniyarmu take daukar har tsawon kwanaki 360 kafin ta gama zagaye rana, haka nan kowacce duniya akwai adadin kwanakin da take dauka kafin ta gama zagaye rana.
 rana | |
|---|---|
G-type main-sequence star (en)  | |
 | |
| Bayanai | |
| Bangare na | Tsarin hasken rana |
| Has boundary (en) |
solar corona (en) da photosphere (en) |
| Parent astronomical body (en) |
Galactic Center of Milky Way (en) |
| Spectral class (en) | G2V |
| Depicted by (en) |
The Sun in culture (en) |
| Notation (en) |
solar symbol (en) |
| Wannan mukalar bata da Reference (Manazarta) ko daya, ka taimaka ta hanyar samar da Manazarta daga littafi ko yanar gizo, duba wannan shafin domin samun masaniya akan yanda zaka samar da Reference (Manazarta) a cikin wannan mukalar.
 . |
Rana ita ce fitila mafi girma a cikin sararin samaniya. Ita ce ke samar da haske mafi karfi.
Manazarta
gyara sasheSolar radiation
gyara sasheRana tana fitar da haske a fadin bakan da ake gani, don haka launi yana da fari,tare da alamar launi na sararin samaniya na CIE kusa (0.3, 0.3), lokacin da aka kalli daga sararin samaniya ko lokacin da Rana ke da girma a sama. Hasken rana ta kowane tsawo yana da tsawo a cikin ɓangaren kore na bakan lokacin da aka kalli shi daga sararin samaniya.[1] Lokacin da Rana ta yi ƙasa sosai a sararin sama, Yaduwar yanayi yana sa Rana ta zama rawaya, ja, orange, ko magenta,kuma a lokuta masu wuya har ma da kore ko shuɗi. Wasu al'adu suna tunanin Rana a matsayin rawaya kuma wasu ma ja;dalilai na al'adu na wannan suna muhawara.[2] An rarraba Sun a matsayin tauraron G2', ma'ana tauraron G ne,tare da 2 yana nuna zafin jikinta yana cikin kewayon na biyu na ajin G.
Adadin hasken rana shine adadin wutar da Rana ke adanawa a kowane yanki wanda aka fallasa kai tsaye ga hasken rana. Hasken rana a saman Duniya yana ragewa ta hanyar Yanayin duniya,don haka karancin iko ya isa saman (kusa da 1,000 W / m2) acikin yanayi mai haske lokacin da Rana ke kusa da zenith. Hasken rana a saman yanayin duniya ya ƙunshi (ta hanyar jimlar makamashi) na kusan 50% infrared haske, 40% bayyane haske,da 10% ultraviolet haske. Yanayin yanayi yana tacewa sama da kashi 70% na ultraviolet na rana,musamman a gajerun wavelengths.[3] Hasken rana na ultraviolet yana ba da haske ga sararin samaniya na duniya,yana haifar da ionosphere mai gudanar da lantarki.
Hasken Ultraviolet daga rana yana da kaddarorin antiseptic kuma ana iya amfani dashi don tsabtace kayan aiki da ruwa. Wannan radiation yana haifar da ƙonewar rana,kuma yana da wasu tasirin halittu kamar samar da Bitamin D da kuma hasken rana. Shine babban dalilin Ciwon daji na fata. Hasken Ultraviolet yana raguwa sosai ta hanyar Layer na ozone na Duniya,don haka adadin UV ya bambanta sosai tare da latitude kuma yana da wani ɓangare na alhakin sauye-sauye da yawa na halitta,gami da bambance-bambance a cikin Launi na fata na mutum.[4]
Hotunan hasken gamma masu ƙarfi da aka saki da farko tare da halayen haɗuwa acikin tsakiya kusan nan da nan sun shawo kan plasma na hasken rana na yankin radiative, yawanci bayan tafiya kawai 'yan millimeters. Sake fitarwa yana faruwa a cikin bazuwar kuma yawanci a dan kadan karami. Tare da wannan jerin hayaki da sha,yana ɗaukar lokaci mai tsawo don radiation ya kai saman Sun. Kimanin lokacin tafiye-tafiye na photon yana tsakanin shekaru 10,000 da kuma 170,000.[5] Sabanin haka,yana ɗaukar kawai 2.3 seconds don neutrinos,wanda yake da kusan 2% na jimlar samar da makamashi na Rana, don isa farfajiya. Saboda jigilar makamashi acikin Rana tsari ne wanda ya haɗa da photons acikin daidaitattun thermodynamic tare da kwayoyin halitta, sikelin lokaci na jigilar makamai a cikin Ranar ya fi tsayi,a kan tsari na shekaru 30,000,000. Wannan shine lokacin da zai dauki Rana don komawa cikin kwanciyar hankali idan an canza yawan samar da makamashi acikin tsakiya ba zato ba tsammani.[6]
Ana fitar da Neutrinos na lantarki ta hanyar halayen haɗuwa a cikin core,amma, ba kamar photons ba, ba sa hulɗa da kwayoyin halitta,don haka kusan duk suna iya tserewa daga Sun nan da nan. Koyaya,ma'auni na yawan waɗannan neutrinos da aka samar a cikin Rana sun fi ƙasa da ka'idojin da aka annabta ta hanyar kashi 3. A shekara ta 2001, binciken oscillation na neutrino ya warware bambancin: Sun yana fitar da adadin neutrinos na lantarki da ka'idar ta annabta,amma masu gano neutrino sun ɓace daga cikinsu saboda neutrinos sun canza dandano a lokacin da aka gano su.[7]Samfuri:Frac
- ↑ "What Color is the Sun?". Stanford Solar Center. Archived from the original on 30 October 2017. Retrieved 23 May 2016.
- ↑ Wilk, S. R. (2009). "The Yellow Sun Paradox". Optics & Photonics News: 12–13. Archived from the original on 18 June 2012.
- ↑ "Reference Solar Spectral Irradiance: Air Mass 1.5". NREL. Archived from the original on 12 May 2019. Retrieved 12 November 2009.
- ↑ Barsh, G. S. (2003). "What Controls Variation in Human Skin Color?". PLOS Biology. 1 (1): e7. doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.0000027. PMC 212702. PMID 14551921.
- ↑ "Ancient sunlight". Technology Through Time. NASA. 2007. Archived from the original on 15 May 2009. Retrieved 24 June 2009.
- ↑ Stix, M. (2003). "On the time scale of energy transport in the sun". Solar Physics. 212 (1): 3–6. Bibcode:2003SoPh..212....3S. doi:10.1023/A:1022952621810. S2CID 118656812.
- ↑ Schlattl, H. (2001). "Three-flavor oscillation solutions for the solar neutrino problem". Physical Review D. 64 (1): 013009. arXiv:hep-ph/0102063. Bibcode:2001PhRvD..64a3009S. doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.64.013009. S2CID 117848623.