John Beecroft
John Beecroft (1790 - 10 ga Yuni 1854) ɗan bincike ne, gwamnan Fernando Po da ɗan Burtaniya na Bight of Benin da Biafra .
 John Beecroft | |
|---|---|
| Rayuwa | |
| Haihuwa |
Whitby (en)  , 1790 |
| ƙasa | Birtaniya |
| Mutuwa | Stuburi na Biafra, 10 ga Yuni, 1854 |
| Makwanci |
Bioko (en) |
| Karatu | |
| Harsuna | Turanci |
| Sana'a | |
| Sana'a | mabudi |
| Employers | Afirka |
| Aikin soja | |
| Fannin soja |
Spanish Navy (en) |
| Digiri |
lieutenant (en) |
| Ya faɗaci |
Reduction of Lagos (en) |
 Ka duba wannan shafin domin sanin yanda zaka gyara wannan mukalar Koyon rubuta mukala  Akwai yuwar admin ya goge wannan shafin matukar ba'a inganta ta ba. |
Rayuwar farko
gyara sasheAn haifi Beecroft a Ingila kusa da tashar jiragen ruwa na Whitby, Yorkshire.[1] Rayuwarsa ta farko ba ta da tabbas amma yayin da yake aiki a kan wani jirgin ruwa da ke bakin teku an san cewa wani dan kasar Faransa ne ya kama shi a lokacin Yaƙin Napoleon a 1805,kuma ya tsare shi har zuwa 1814.Daga baya ya shiga aikin sojan ruwa na 'yan kasuwa kuma a matsayinsa na babban jirgin ruwa ya yi tafiya zuwa Greenland a matsayin wani bangare na balaguron balaguron William Parry.
Aikin mulkin mallaka
gyara sasheA shekara ta 1829 an nada shi shugaban aiyuka a Fernando Po,tsibiri a mashigin tekun Guinea wanda aka fi sani da kasar Sipaniya amma wanda Birtaniyya ke amfani da shi don kafa sansani akan cinikin bayi.Nuna basirar yin shawarwari cikin nasara tare da mutanen gida, a cikin 1830 Beecroft ya zama gwamnan riko na Spain(wanda yake da matsayi na Laftanar a Rundunar Sojan Ruwa na Sipaniya)lokacin da Edward Nicolls(a lokacin gwamna)ya koma Ingila ba da lafiya.Sanin Spain ba ta son mika ikon tsibirin da Birtaniyya ta bari a cikin 1833 amma Beecroft ya ci gaba da kasancewa a matsayin mukaddashin gwamna,har ma yana rike da kotun shari'a,kodayake a wannan lokacin shi ma wakilin wani kamfani ne.[2]A cikin 1843 Spain ta sanya shi gwamnan Fernando Po da wasu kayan Mutanen Espanya guda biyu.[1]A shekarar 1849 Turawan mulkin mallaka sun nada shi karamin jakadan kasashen Benin da Biafra,mukamin da ya rike(tare da gwamnansa na Fernando Po) har zuwa rasuwarsa a shekara ta 1854.[1]
A cewar KO Dike:[3]
A lokaci guda 'yan Afirka sun zo suna kallon karamin jakadan Birtaniya a matsayin gwamnan yankin Benin da Biafra.Wannan matsayi na mulki da Beecroft ya lashe wa kansa ya mika wa wadanda suka gaje shi kuma ya baiwa Biritaniya damar cin moriyar ikon kariya kafin taron Berlin na yammacin Afirka ya halatta matsayin diflomasiyya na kasa da kasa.
A lokacin da Gwamna Beecroft ya yi bincike a cikin nahiyar Afirka ta hanyar amfani da jiragen ruwa don ratsa kogin Neja,Cross River da Benin,wani yanki na balaguron Biritaniya ya kasa shiga.[1] Sirrin nasararsa ba wai kawai amfani da fasahar sojan ruwa na Turai na zamani ba ne,amma yana daukar 'yan Afirka na gida a matsayin ma'aikata,tun da yake suna da karfin juriya ga zazzabin cizon sauro wanda ya ci rayukan Turai da dama kafin a fahimci tasirin quinine a matsayin kariya. [1]Bayan ya zama karamin jakada ya taimaka a harin bam da Birtaniyya ta kai Legas a 1851,ya yi shawarwari(kuma ya kasance mai rattaba hannu kan) Yarjejeniyar Tsakanin Biritaniya da Legas, 1 Janairu 1852,kuma ya taka rawa wajen tsige Pepple,Sarkin Bonny.,a shekara ta 1854. [1]
Mutuwa
gyara sasheBeecroft yana shirin wani balaguro zuwa kogin Neja lokacin da ya mutu a ranar 10 ga Yuni 1854 kuma aka binne shi a Fernando Po.[4]William Balfour Baikie ne ya ɗauki matsayinsa a balaguron. Matarsa,Mrs.Ellen Beecroft,daga baya ta sami fensho a cikin jerin jama'a don karrama gudummawar da mijinta ya bayar wajen dakile cinikin bayi da ci gaban muradun Burtaniya a gabar tekun Afirka. [5]Beecroft ya kuma bar 'ya'ya mata uku da namiji daya.[6]
Nassoshi
gyara sashe- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 Howard Temperley, 'Beecroft, John (1790–1854)’, rev. Elizabeth Baigent, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004
- ↑ The Times, Friday, 7 July 1843; pg. 7, reports a trial at the Court of Exchequer describing Beecroft (referred to as 'Bearcroft') as joint agent with a Mr Oldfield for the West African Company, formed around the year 1835 after an earlier company on the island, Dillon and Tennant, became insolvent.
- ↑ K. Onwuka Dike, Trade and Politics in the Niger Delta 1830–1835: An introduction to the economic and political history of Nigeria (Oxford University Press, 1956) p. 12.
- ↑ The Times, Monday, 14 August 1854; p. 1; Issue 21819; col A "On June 10, at Clarence, after 25 years' residence in Africa, John Beecroft, Esq., Her Britannic Majesty’s Consul, and Governor of Fernando Po. He was buried on Sunday, the 11th, amidst the tears of friends and colonists, with all naval honours, paid by Her Majesty’s vessels Britomart and Polyphemus."
- ↑ The Times, Thursday, 26 July 1860; pg. 6
- ↑ British Census, 1851:lists Beecroft (60) as 'British Consul for West Coast of Africa', resident at 120 Clifton Park, Tranmere, Cheshire, with wife Ellen (50), daughters Ellen(22), Jane(21) and M. A.(19) and son John M. Beecroft,(12) all born in Yorkshire.
Kara karantawa
gyara sashe- Dike, KO "John Beecroft, 1790-1854: Consul na Birtaniyya Mai Martaba ga Bights na Benin da Biafra 1849-1854" Journal of the Historical Society of Nigeria 1#1 (December 1956), shafi. 5-14, kan layi