Jean-Baptiste Louvet de Couvray

 

Jean-Baptiste Louvet de Couvray
70. President of the National Convention (en) Fassara

4 ga Yuni, 1795 - 4 ga Yuli, 1795
Jean Denis, comte Lanjuinais (en) Fassara - Louis Gustave le Doulcet, comte de Pontécoulant (en) Fassara
Member of the Council of Five Hundred (en) Fassara

Rayuwa
Haihuwa Faris, 12 ga Yuni, 1760
ƙasa Faransa
Harshen uwa Faransanci
Mutuwa Faris, 25 ga Augusta, 1797
Yanayin mutuwa Sababi na ainihi (Tarin fuka)
Karatu
Harsuna Faransanci
Sana'a
Sana'a ɗan siyasa, ɗan jarida, Mai wanzar da zaman lafiya, marubucin wasannin kwaykwayo, bookseller (en) Fassara da marubuci
Wurin aiki Faris
Mamba Council of Five Hundred (en) Fassara
Sunan mahaifi Auteur de Faublas

Jean-Baptiste Louvet de Couvrayfr</link> ; 12 Yuni 1760 - 25 Agusta 1797) marubucin marubucin Faransa ne, marubuci kuma ɗan jarida. [1]

Rayuwar farko da ayyukan adabi

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An haifi Louvet a birnin Paris a matsayin dan ma'aikacin tasha kuma ya zama magatakarda mai sayar da littattafai. Ya fara jan hankali tare da kashi na farko na littafinsa Les Amours du chevalier de Faublas (Paris, 1787; Fassarar Ingilishi wanda Louis Monzies ya kwatanta a cikin 1898), wanda ya biyo baya a cikin 1788 ta Six semaines de la vie du chevalier de Faublas kuma a cikin 1790. by La Fin des amours du chevalier de Faublas . Jarumar, Lodoiska, ta dogara ne akan matar wani mai kayan ado a cikin Palais Royal, wanda Louvet ya yi jima'i. [1] Ta saki mijinta a 1792 kuma ta auri Louvet a 1793. [2] Littafinsa na biyu, Émilie de Varmont (1791), an yi niyya don tabbatar da amfani da wajibcin kisan aure da auren firistoci, [3] tambayoyin da juyin juya halin Faransa ya yi; duk ayyukansa sun kasance suna ba da ra'ayi na juyin juya hali.

Ya yi ƙoƙari ya sami ɗaya daga cikin wasannin da ba a buga ba, L'Anoblié conspirateur, wanda aka yi a Comedie-Française, kuma ya rubuta cewa ɗaya daga cikin manajojinsa, d'Orfeuil, ya saurari karatun abubuwa uku na farko ba tare da haquri ba, yana mai cewa: " Dole ne in buƙaci igwa domin sanya wannan yanki a kan mataki ". Wani nau'i na farce a kudi na sojojin Royalist émigrés, La Grande Revue des armes noire et blanche, ya sami nasara mafi kyau: yana kan mataki na dare ashirin da biyar.

Farkon gwagwarmaya

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Louvet da aka fara gabatar da shi a matsayin ɗan siyasa ta Paris justifié, [2] a mayar da martani ga ainihin ƙasidar da Jean Joseph Mounier, bayan da aka cire Sarki Louis XVI daga Fadar Versailles zuwa Paris a watan Oktoba 1789, ya kai hari. babban birnin kasar (wanda har yanzu yana cikin kwanciyar hankali), kuma ya yi jayayya cewa ya kamata a kafa kotun a wani wuri. Wannan ya haifar da za ~ e na Louvet zuwa kulob na Jacobin, wanda, kamar yadda ya rubuta da zafi a cikin Memoirs, cancantar sun kasance ainihin al'ada da wasu basira.

Falsafa mai son kai da ɗan juyin juya hali, Louvet daga baya ya yi yaƙi da son zuciya da ɗaukar ra'ayi, wanda ya gano tare da tsarin mulkin tsarin mulki mai matsakaici wanda Marquis de la Fayette, Abbé Maury, da sauran almajiran Niccolò Machiavelli suka yi.

Mataimakin da Girondist

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A ranar 25 ga Disamba 1791 ya gabatar da kokensa a gaban kotun koli na majalisar dokoki, wanda zai yi tasiri sosai a lokacin daular Faransa ta farko . Zaɓaɓɓen mataimakin Majalisar Dokokin Loiret, ya ba da jawabinsa na farko a cikin Janairu 1792.

Ya haɗa kansa ga Girondists, wanda m deism, sentimental jin kai da kuma m jumhuriya ya cikakken raba, kuma daga Maris zuwa Nuwamba 1792 ya buga, a Jean Marie Roland ta kudi, a bi-mako journal-affiche, wanda take. La Sentinelle, [1] ta shelanta manufarta ta bude dukkan kasashen Turai zuwa ga wayewar kai a daidai lokacin da, bayan shelanta yaki da Habsburg a Faransa da kuma barkewar yakin juyin juya halin Faransa, rashin jituwa tsakanin sarki da talakawansa ya bayyana a fili. .

A ranar 10 ga Agusta ( faɗuwar Masarautar mai tasiri ), Louvet ya zama editan Jarida des Débats kuma, duka a matsayin ɗan jarida da mataimakinsa a cikin Yarjejeniyar ƙasa, ya sanya kansa a fili ta hanyar kai hari kan Maximilien Robespierre, Jean-Paul Marat da sauran su. Montagnards, [3] wanda daga baya ya yi iƙirarin cewa zai yi nasarar gabatar da shi a gaban shari'a bayan kisan kiyashi na Satumba ba don tallafin matalauta da ya samu daga shugabannin Girondist ba. A ranar 29 ga Oktoba ya zargi Robespierre da ƙirƙirar ƙungiyoyin ɗabi'a, yana mulkin Paris "Conseil General" da biyan "Septembriseurs". [4] [5] An zargi Marat da kasancewa na zamantakewa, kafa mulkin kama karya kuma a matsayin wakilin Ingila. Ya yi tir da Robespierre a matsayin " Dan Sarauta ", da sauran Montagnards a matsayin crypto- Orléanists . [ <span title="(September 2021)">ƙarin bayani da ake buƙata</span> ] Robespierre ya yi mamaki kuma Danton ya kare shi.  [ <span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (September 2021)">shafi<span typeof="mw:Entity"> </span>da ake bukata</span> ] A watan Nuwamba ya buga jawabinsa a karkashin sunan A Maximilien Robespierre et à ses royalistes (zargi) . Louvet ya yarda Pétion de Villeneuve da aka fi so a matsayin aboki. Yana yiwuwa, duk da haka, cewa harinsa da gauche (?) ya ba da gudummawa ga faɗuwar Girondist (da nasa).

Halinsa na jajircewa a shari'ar sarki, lokacin da ya goyi bayan roko ga mutane game da hukuncin kisa kai tsaye, [2] ya kara nuna adawa ga jam'iyyarsa. Duk da haka, ya kare Girondists har zuwa lokacin ƙarshe, yana nuna ƙarfin hali. Bayan rikicin 31 ga Mayu 1793, lokacin da François Hanriot da sans-culottes suka mamaye Yarjejeniyar, ya shiga ƙungiyarsa da aka sha kaye a jirginsu daga Paris. Matarsa Lodoiska, wacce ta ba da hadin kai sosai a yakin neman zabensa, ita ma ci gaban ya jefa shi cikin hadari.

Thermidor da directory

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Bayan farawar Thermidorian Reaction da faduwar Robespierre (27 ga Yuli 1794), an tuno da shi zuwa ga Yarjejeniyar, lokacin da ya taimaka wajen kawo Jean-Baptiste Carrier da sauran waɗanda ke da alhakin nutsewar ruwa a Nantes ga shari'a. Tasirinsa ya zama babba: an zabe shi memba na Kwamitin Kundin Tsarin Mulki, Shugaban Majalisar, kuma memba na Kwamitin Tsaro na Jama'a, a kan karfin ikon da ya yi a kwanakin baya.

Rikicinsa da Montagnards bai sa shi mai da martani ba: ya kai hari kan Jeunesse dorée, kuma mutane da yawa suna ɗaukarsa a matsayin ginshiƙin Jacobinism . La Sentinelle ya sake bayyana, a ƙarƙashin ikonsa, ƙungiyar wa'azi a tsakanin 'yan jamhuriya. A karkashin Directory (1795) an zabe shi memba na majalisar dari biyar, wanda ya kasance sakatare, kuma memba na Institut de France .


A halin yanzu, ya koma kasuwancinsa kuma ya kafa kantin sayar da littattafai a cikin masarautar Palais. Amma, duk da cewa ya sake yin Allah wadai da Jacobins a La Sentinelle, Jeunesse dorée ya zo a gan shi a matsayin babban abokin gaba. [3] Wasu samari sun kai wa shagonsa hari da kukan À bas la Loupe, à bas la belle Ledoiska, à bas les gardes du corps de Louvet! ("Down tare da She-Wolf, ƙasa tare da kyawawan Ledoiska, ƙasa tare da masu tsaron lafiyar Louvet!"); An zagi shi da matarsa a tituna da gidajen wasan kwaikwayo: À bas les Louvets et les Louvetants! ("Down tare da Louvets da Louvetants!" - Magana ga masu tsaronsa, bisa ga tsohuwar ma'anar kalmar kalmar louveter ), kuma an tilasta masa barin Paris. Littafin ya nada shi a matsayin ofishin jakadanci a Palermo, a cikin Masarautar Naples, amma ya mutu kafin ya ɗauki mukaminsa. [3]

Louvet's Memoirs

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A cikin 1795 Louvet ya buga wani ɓangare na Memoirs a ƙarƙashin taken Quelques Notices pour l'histoire et le récit de mes perils depuis le 31 mai 1793 . An rubuta su ne a wurare dabam-dabam da Louvet ya fake, kuma suna ba da cikakken hoto game da wahalhalun da ’yan Girondists suka yi gudun hijira. Sun kafa wata babbar takarda don nazarin ilimin tunanin juyin juya halin Musulunci, yayin da suke ba da haske game da yanayin tunanin Louvet da zabin siyasa. Cikakken cikakken bugu na farko na Mémoires de Louvet de Couvray, wanda aka gyara tare da gabatarwa, bayanin kula da tebur, ta François Victor Alphonse Aulard, an buga shi a Paris a cikin 1889.

Littafi Mai Tsarki

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Manazarta

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  1. 1.0 1.1 1.2 "Jean-Baptiste Louvet". Britannica.com. Encyclopaedia Britannica. Retrieved 16 May 2018.
  2. 2.0 2.1 2.2 Robert, Adolphe; Cougny, Gaston. "Jean-Baptiste Louvet de Couvray". Assemblée Nationale. Retrieved 16 May 2018.
  3. 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 "Jean-Baptiste Louvet de Couvray (1760-1797)". data.bnf.fr. Biblioteque Nationale de France. Retrieved 16 May 2018.
  4. A Maximilien Robespierre et à ses royalistes (accusation).
  5. S. Schama p. 649

Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

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