Elizabeth II
Elizabeth II (Elizabeth Alexandra Mary); An haife ta a 21 ga watan Afrilun shekara ta 1926. Itace Sarauniyar United Kingdom da wasu kasashen Commonwealth.
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Elizabeth dai an haife ta ne a birnin London, itace diyar farko daga gidan Duke na York da matarsa Duchess na York, wanda daga bisani yazama Sarki George VI matarsa kuma Mahaifiyar Sarauniya Elizabeth II, sarauniyar tasamu karatun tane daga cikin gidan iyayenta a matsayin ta yar'gidan sarauta. Mahaifinta yakaiga karagar mulki bayan kwace sarautar da akayi daga hannun Sarki Edward VIII wanda dan'uwansa ne a shekara ta 1936, wanda tun daga nan ne tazama maijiran gado. Tafara yin ayyukan al'umma, musamman aikin soja a yayin yakin duniya II, inda tayi aiki a karkashin Auxiliary Territorial Service. A 1947, ta auri Philip, Duke na Edinburgh, tsohon Yariman kasar Greece da Denmark, wanda suke da yara hudu dashi: Charles, Yariman Wales; Anne, Princess Royal; Andrew, Duke na York; da Edward, Earl na Wessex.
Bayan rasuwar mahaifinta a watan Februarun shekara ta 1952, tazama shugaban Commonwealth kuma queen regnant na kasashe bakwai (7) dake cikin Commonwealth: United Kingdom, Kanada, Australiya, New Zealand, Union of South Africa, Dominion of Pakistan, da Ceylon. Tayi mulki da kawo sauyi dokokin kasashe kamar devolution in the United Kingdom, Canadian patriation, da kuma decolonisation of Africa. A tsakanin 1956 da 1992, adadin yawan kasashen da Elizabeth II ke mulka sun sauya kasantuwar wasu yankuna sun samu yancin cin gashin kansu, wadanda suka hada da kasa kamar South Africa, Pakistan, da Ceylon (wanda aka canja wa suna zuwa Sri Lanka), wasu kuma sun zama republics. Daga cikin ziyarce ziyarcenta na tarihi da huldodinta akwai state visit to the Republic of Ireland da kuma ziyararta ga ko ziyartan Pope Roma biyar. Manyan biki a Rayuwarta akwai coronation in 1953 da murnar cikarta shekara ashirin da biyar a karagar mulki Silver, da na shekara hamsin Golden, da kuma Diamond Jubilees a shekara ta 1977, 2002, da 2012 dasuka gabata. A 2017, yazama sarauniyar Biritaniya ta farko da takai Sapphire Jubilee. Kuma itace mafi tsawon shekaru akan Sarautar Biritaniya har wayau itace tsahuwar sarauniyar data dade akan karagar mulki kuma mace shugaba datafi dadewa a duniya, kuma mafi tsawon shekaru akan karagar mulki cikin shugabannin duniya dake raye a yanzu.
Elizabeth ta fuskanci suka daga yan republican sentiments da na yanjarida royal family, musamman bayan rabe-raben auren ya'yanta her annus horribilis a shekarar 1992 da rasuwar death in 1997 wadda tsohuwar surukuwarta ce Diana, Sarauniyar Wales. Dukda yake samun goyon bayan masarautar ya cigaba da karuwa, hakama cigaba da karbuwarta da karin farinjinta.
Farkon RayuwartaGyara
An haife Elizabeth a daidai karfe 02:40 (GMT) ranar 21 ga watan Afriu shekara ta 1926, a lokacin mulkin kakanta namiji, King George V. Mahaifinta, Duke din York (wanda yazama King George VI), shine da na biyun Sarkin. Mahaifiyarta, Duchess din York (wadda tazama Queen Elizabeth), itace yar'autan Scottish aristocrat wato Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne. An haife ta a Caesarean section gidan iyayen kakanta dake London: 17 Bruton Street, Mayfair.[1] Anyimata baptised daga Anglican Archbishop of York, Cosmo Gordon Lang, a cocin Buckingham Palace a ranar 29 ga watan Mayu,[2]efn|name=baptism|Her godparents were: King George V and Queen Mary; Lord Strathmore; Prince Arthur, Duke of Connaught and Strathearn (her paternal great-granduncle); Princess Mary, Viscountess Lascelles (her paternal aunt); and Lady Elphinstone (her maternal aunt).[3] an rada mata suna Elizabeth daga sunamn mahaifiyarta, Alexandra kuma bayan George V's mother, wanda yarasu wata shida kafin a haife ta, Mary kuma daga her paternal grandmother.[4] An uwanta nakusa nakiranta da "Lilibet" ,[5] akan abinda takira kanta dashi ne da farko,[6] mahaifin mahaifinta na matukar sonta wato George V, a lokacin tsakanin ciwonsa a 1929, ziyarar data rika kai masa yasamu tagomashi a jaridu da kuma tarihai, tareda da taimaka masa wurin samun sauki.[7]
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Yar'uwar Elizabeth daya, itace Princess Margaret, an haife ta a 1930. Sunyi karatunsu a gidan mahaifinsu a karkashin kulawar mahaifiyarsu da kuma maikula dasu wato, Marion Crawford.[8] Karatunsu yafi mayarda hankaline akan tarihi, Harshe, literature da Waka.[9] Crawford ya wallafa tarihin Elizabeth da yarintar Margaret, wanda akaiwa lakabi da The Little Princesses in 1950, much to the dismay of the royal family.[10] Littafi ya fayyace son da Elizabeth kewa Dokuna da Karnuka, yadda takeda tsari, da halayyarta na daukan nauyin abunda ke karkashinta.[11] Others echoed such observations: Winston Churchill described Elizabeth when she was two as "a character. She has an air of authority and reflectiveness astonishing in an infant."[12] Yar'uwar ta Margaret Rhodes ta bayyana ta matsayin "yarinya mai wasa, amma mai hankali da biyayya".[13]
ManazartaGyara
- ↑ Bradford, p. 22; Brandreth, p. 103; Marr, p. 76; Pimlott, pp. 2–3; Lacey, pp. 75–76; Roberts, p. 74
- ↑ Hoey, p. 40
- ↑ Brandreth, p. 103; Hoey, p. 40
- ↑ Brandreth, p. 103
- ↑ Pimlott, p. 12
- ↑ Williamson, p. 205
- ↑ Lacey, p. 56; Nicolson, p. 433; Pimlott, pp. 14–16
- ↑ Crawford, p. 26; Pimlott, p. 20; Shawcross, p. 21
- ↑ Brandreth, p. 124; Lacey, pp. 62–63; Pimlott, pp. 24, 69
- ↑ Brandreth, pp. 108–110; Lacey, pp. 159–161; Pimlott, pp. 20, 163
- ↑ Brandreth, pp. 108–110
- ↑ Brandreth, p. 105; Lacey, p. 81; Shawcross, pp. 21–22
- ↑ Brandreth, pp. 105–106