Elizabeth II

Elizabeth II
monarch of Saint Kitts and Nevis (en)
monarch of Antigua and Barbuda (en)
monarch of Belize (en)
monarch of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (en)
monarch of Saint Lucia (en)
monarch of Tuvalu (en)
monarch of the Solomon Islands (en)
monarch of Papua New Guinea (en)
monarch of Grenada (en)
monarch of the Bahamas (en)
monarch of the Dominion of Fiji (en)
monarch of the commonwealth realm of Mauritius (en)
monarch of Barbados (en)
monarch of the commonwealth realm of Guyana (en)
monarch of the commonwealth realm of the Gambia (en)
monarch of the State of Malta (en)
monarch of Malawi (en)
monarch of the commonwealth realm of Kenya (en)
monarch of Jamaica (en)
monarch of Trinidad and Tobago (en)
monarch of the commonwealth realm of Uganda (en)
Queen of Trinidad and Tobago (en)
monarch of the commonwealth realm of Sierra Leone (en)
monarch of Tanganyika (en)
monarch of the Federation of Nigeria (en)
monarch of the commonwealth realm of Ghana (en)
monarch of Australia (en)
monarch of Canada (en)
Lord of Mann (en)
Duke of Lancaster (en)
Head of the Commonwealth (en)
monarch of the United Kingdom (en)
monarch of New Zealand (en)
monarch of the Dominion of Pakistan (en)
monarch of the Union of South Africa (en)
Supreme Governor of the Church of England (en)
monarch of the Dominion of Ceylon (en)
Babban Kwamandan Askarawan Kanada
heir presumptive (en)
Rayuwa
Cikakken suna	Elizabeth Alexandra Mary Windsor
Haihuwa	Mayfair (en) , 21 ga Afirilu, 1926
ƙasa	Birtaniya
Mazauni	Fadar Buckingham; Windsor Castle (en) ; Balmoral Castle (en) ; Sandringham House (en) ; Holyrood Palace (en)
Harshen uwa	Turanci
Mutuwa	Balmoral Castle (en) , 8 Satumba 2022
Makwanci	King George VI Memorial Chapel (en)
Ƴan uwa
Mahaifi	George VI
Mahaifiya	Queen Elizabeth, The Queen Mother
Abokiyar zama	Philip Mountbatten (20 Nuwamba, 1947 - 9 ga Afirilu, 2021)
Yara	view Charles, Yariman Wales; Anne, Princess Royal (en) ; Prince Andrew, Duke of York (en) ; Prince Edward, Duke of Edinburgh (mul) ;
Ahali	Princess Margaret, Countess na Snowdon
Yare	House of Windsor (en)
Karatu
Harsuna	Turanci; Faransanci
Malamai	Marion Crawford (en) ; Henry Marten (en) ; William Henry Harris (en)
Sana'a
Sana'a	sarki, art collector (en) da aristocrat (en)
Tsayi	64 in
Kyaututtuka	gani Grand Cross of the Legion of Honour (1948) ; Knight Grand Cross with Collar of the Order of Merit of the Italian Republic (9 Mayu 1958) ; Grand Order of King Tomislav (12 Disamba 2001) ; Order of the White Eagle (1996) ; Collar of the Order of the White Lion (1996) ; Knight of the Order of the Golden Fleece (1989) ; Order of the Crown of India ; Order of the Garter ; Knight Grand Cross with Collar of the Order of Saint Olav‎ (24 ga Yuni, 1955) ; Order of the Three Stars, 1st Class (1996) ; Grand Cross Special Class of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany (29 Satumba 1958) ; Collar of the Order of the Star of Romania (2000) ; Grand Cross of the Order of Merit of the Republic of Poland (1991) ; Knight Grand Cross in the Order of the Netherlands Lion (1950) ; Collar of the Order of the Cross of Terra Mariana (19 Oktoba 2006) ; Grand Cross with Collar of the Order of the Falcon (19 Nuwamba, 1963) ; Grand Cordon of the Order of Leopold (1963) ; Grand Cross of the Order of the Southern Cross (1968) ; Grand Cross with collar of the Order of Vytautas the Great (17 Oktoba 2006) ; Time Person of the Year (1952) ; Order of Freedom of the Republic of Slovenia (2001) ; Order of the Nile (1975) ; Order of the Yugoslavian Great Star (1972) ; Order of the Supreme Sun (1971) ; Defence Medal (1945) ; War Medal 1939–1945 (1945) ; King George VI Coronation Medal (1937) ; Royal Family Order of George VI (1937) ; Grand Order of Mugunghwa (1986) ; Decoration for Exceptional Merits (2008) ; Order of the Star of Ghana (2007) ; Order of the Tribute to the Republic (23 Nuwamba, 2005) ; Order of the Golden Heart of Kenya (1972) ; Order of the Crown of the Realm (1972) ; Order of the Republic of The Gambia (1974) ; Order of the Crown of Brunei (1972, 1992) ; Order of Kuwait (1995) ; Darjah Utama Temasek (1972) ; Umarnin Nijar (1969) ; Order of Valour (1993) ; Grand Cordon of the National Order of the Leopard (1973) ; Order of Independence (1961) ; Order of the Republic (1980) ; Star of the Republic of Indonesia (1974) ; National Order of the Ivory Coast (1961) ; Order of the Star of Africa (1962) ; Order of the Pioneers of Liberia (1961, 1979) ; National Maltese Order of Merit (28 Mayu 1992, 23 Oktoba 2000) ; Order of Independence (1961) ; Grand Cross of the National Order of the Lion (1961) ; Order of the Virtues (1948) ; Order of Ojaswi Rajanya (1949) ; Order of Oman (1979) ; Order of the Star of Jordan ; Order of King Abdulaziz al Saud (1979) ; Order of al-Hussein bin Ali (1953, 1984) ; Grand Collar of the Order of Good Hope (1995) ; Grand Cross of the Sash of the Three Orders ; Order of the Gold Lion of the House of Nassau (1972) ; Grand Cross of the National Order of Mali (1961) ; Order of Manuel Amador Guerrero (1953) ; Order of Solomon (1954) ; Order of the Equatorial Star (1969) ; Collar of the Order of Merit (1965) ; Order of Merit for Distinguished Services (1998) ; Order of the Golden Fleece (1989) ; Grand Cross of the Order of the White Double Cross‎ : Ivan Gašparovič (mul) (23 Oktoba 2008) ; Order of the Royal House of Chakri (1960) ; Grand Collar of the Military Order of the Tower and Sword (27 ga Afirilu, 1993) ; Royal Order of the Seraphim (1953, 1975) ; Grand Cross of the Order of Charles III (1986) ; Order of Boyacá (1993) ; Order of State of Republic of Turkey (14 Mayu 2008) ; Order of Mubarak the Great (1979) ; Star of the Socialist Republic of Romania (1978) ; Albert Medal (1958) ; Order of the Elephant (1947) ; Collar of the Supreme Order of the Chrysanthemum ; Grand Star of the Decoration for Services to the Republic of Austria (1966) ; Grand Collar of the Military Order of Saint James of the Sword ; honorary doctor of the Royal College of Music (1973) ; Order of the Redeemer ; Member of the Order of Canada ; Order of Idris I (1954) ; Order of the Seal of Solomon (1954) ; Order of Charles III (1986) ; Hungarian Order of Merit (1991) ; Order of the Aztec Eagle (1973) ; Order of Sālote Tupou III (19 Disamba 1953) ; Grand Cross with Collar of the Order of the White Rose of Finland (10 Mayu 1961) ;
Mamba	Royal Society (en)
Aikin soja
Fannin soja	Auxiliary Territorial Service (en)
Imani
Addini	Church of England (en) ; Church of Scotland (en)
IMDb	nm0703070

Sarauniya Elizabeth II (Elizabeth Alexandra Mary) An haife ta a ranar 21 ga watan Afrilun shekara ta alif ɗari tara da ashirin da shida 1926, zuwa ranar 8 ga watan Satumba shekarata 2022. Ita ce Sarauniyar United Kingdom da wasu ƙasashen Ƙungiyar Ƙasashe masu tasowa.

Elizabeth dai an haife ta ne a birnin London, ita ce ɗiyar farko daga gidan Duke na York da matarsa Duchess na York, wanda daga bisani ya zama Sarki George VI matarsa kuma Mahaifiyar Sarauniya Elizabeth II, sarauniyar ta samu karatun tane daga cikin gidan iyayenta a matsayin ta na ƴar gidan sarauta. Mahaifinta yakaiga karagar mulki bayan ƙwace sarautar da akayi daga hannun Sarki Edward VIII wanda ɗan uwanta a ne a shekara ta alif 1936, wanda tun daga nan ne ta zama mai jiran gado. Tafara yin ayyukan al'umma musamman aikin soja a yayin yaƙin duniya na II, inda tayi aiki a ƙarƙashin Auxiliary Territorial Service. A shekarata alif 1947, Ta auri Philip, Duke na Edinburgh, tsohon Yariman ƙasar Greece da Denmark, wanda suke da yara huɗu dashi: Charles, Yariman Wales; Anne, Princess Royal; Andrew, Duke na York; da Edward, Earl na Wessex.

Bayan rasuwar mahaifin ta a watan Fabrairun shekara ta alif 1952, tazama shugaban Commonwealth kuma queen regnant na ƙasashe bakwai (7) dake cikin Commonwealth: United Kingdom, Kanada, Australiya, New Zealand, Union of South Africa, Dominion of Pakistan, da Ceylon. Tayi mulki da kawo sauyin dokokin ƙasashe kamar devolution in the United Kingdom, Canadian patriation, da kuma decolonisation of Africa. A tsakanin shekarar alif 1956 da shekarar alif 1992, adadin yawan ƙasashen da Elizabeth ta II ke mulka sun sauya kasantuwar wasu yankuna sun samu ƴancin cin gashin kansu, waɗanda suka haɗa da ƙasa kamar Africa ta kudu, Pakistan, da Ceylon (wanda aka canja wa suna zuwa Sri Lanka), wasu kuma sun zama republics. Daga cikin ziyarce ziyarcen ta na tarihi da huɗɗoɗinta akwai state visit to the Republic of Ireland da kuma ziyararta ga ko ziyartan Pope Roma biyar. Manyan biki a Rayuwarta akwai coronation in 1953 da murnar cikarta shekara ashirin da biyar a karagar mulki Silver, Da na shekara hamsin Golden, Da kuma Diamond Jubilees a shekara ta alif 1977, 2002, da 2012 dasuka gabata. A shekarar 2017, tazama sarauniyar Biritaniya ta farko da takai Sapphire Jubilee. Kuma ita ce mafi tsawon shekaru akan Sarautar Biritaniya har wayau ita ce tsohuwar sarauniyar data daɗe akan karagar mulki kuma mace shugaba da tafi daɗewa a duniya, kuma mafi tsawon shekaru akan karagar mulki cikin shugabannin duniya dake raye a yanzu.

Elizabeth ta fuskanci suka daga ƴan republican sentiments da na ƴan jarida royal family, musamman bayan rabe-raben auren ƴa yanta her annus horribilis a shekarar 1992 da rasuwar death in 1997 wadda tsohuwar sarakuwarta ce Diana, Sarauniyar Wales. Duk da yake samun goyon bayan masarautar ya cigaba da ƙaruwa, hakama cigaba da karɓuwarta da ƙarin farin jinin ta..

Farkon Rayuwarta

Elizabeth a bangon Jaridar Time magazine, April 1929

An haifi Elizabeth a daidai ƙarfe 02:40 (GMT) ranar 21 ga watan Afrilu shekara ta 1926, A lokacin mulkin kakanta namiji, King George V. Mahaifinta Duke din York (wanda yazama King George VI), shine ɗa na biyun Sarkin. Mahaifiyarta, Duchess din York (wadda tazama Queen Elizabeth), Itace ƴar autan Scottish aristocrat wato Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne. An haife ta a Caesarean section gidan iyayen kakanta dake London: 17 Bruton Street, Mayfair.^[1] Anyimata baptised daga Anglican Archbishop of York, Cosmo Gordon Lang, a cocin Buckingham Palace a ranar 29 ga watan Mayu,^[2]efn|name=baptism|Her godparents were: King George V and Queen Mary; Lord Strathmore; Prince Arthur, Duke of Connaught and Strathearn (her paternal great-granduncle); Princess Mary, Viscountess Lascelles (her paternal aunt); and Lady Elphinstone (her maternal aunt).^[3] An raɗa mata suna Elizabeth daga sunan mahaifiyarta, Alexandra kuma bayan George V's mother, wanda yarasu wata shida kafin a haife ta, Mary kuma daga her paternal grandmother.^[4] ƴan uwanta nakusa nakiranta da "Lilibet" ,^[5] akan abinda ta kira kanta dashi ne da farko,^[6] mahaifin mahaifinta na matuƙar sonta wato George V, A lokacin tsakanin ciwonsa a 1929, ziyarar data riƙa kai masa yasamu tagomashi a jaridu da kuma tarihai, tareda taimaka masa wurin samun sauƙi.^[7]

Portrait by Philip de László, 1933

Ƴar uwar Elizabeth ɗaya, itace Princess Margaret, an haife ta a shekarar 1930. Sunyi karatunsu a gidan mahaifinsu a ƙarƙashin kulawar mahaifiyarsu da kuma maikula dasu wato, Marion Crawford.^[8] Karatunsu yafi mayarda hankaline akan tarihi, Harshe, literature da Waƙa.^[9] Crawford ya wallafa tarihin Elizabeth da yarintar Margaret, wanda akaiwa laƙabi da The Little Princesses in 1950, much to the dismay of the royal family.^[10] Littafi ya fayyace son da Elizabeth kewa Dokuna da Karnuka, yadda takeda tsari, da halayyarta na ɗaukan nauyin abunda ke ƙarƙashin ta.^[11] ".^[12] Wasu kuma sun yi na'am da irin waɗannan abubuwan: Winston Churchill ya kwatanta Elizabeth lokacin da take da shekaru biyu a matsayin "halayya. Tana da iska mai iko da tunani mai ban mamaki a cikin jariri." amma mai hankali da kiyaye".[2].

Hotuna

Sarauniya tare da yarima Philip a Frankfurt
Sarauniya Elizabeth

Manazarta

↑ Bradford, p. 22; Brandreth, p. 103; Marr, p. 76; Pimlott, pp. 2–3; Lacey, pp. 75–76; Roberts, p. 74
↑ Hoey, p. 40
↑ Brandreth, p. 103; Hoey, p. 40
↑ Brandreth, p. 103
↑ Pimlott, p. 12
↑ Williamson, p. 205
↑ Lacey, p. 56; Nicolson, p. 433; Pimlott, pp. 14–16
↑ Crawford, p. 26; Pimlott, p. 20; Shawcross, p. 21
↑ Brandreth, p. 124; Lacey, pp. 62–63; Pimlott, pp. 24, 69
↑ Brandreth, pp. 108–110; Lacey, pp. 159–161; Pimlott, pp. 20, 163
↑ Brandreth, pp. 108–110
↑ Brandreth, pp. 105–106

[1] Bradford, p. 22; Brandreth, p. 103; Marr, p. 76; Pimlott, pp. 2–3; Lacey, pp. 75–76; Roberts, p. 74

[2] Hoey, p. 40

[3] Brandreth, p. 103; Hoey, p. 40

[4] Brandreth, p. 103

[5] Pimlott, p. 12

[6] Williamson, p. 205

[7] Lacey, p. 56; Nicolson, p. 433; Pimlott, pp. 14–16

[8] Crawford, p. 26; Pimlott, p. 20; Shawcross, p. 21

[9] Brandreth, p. 124; Lacey, pp. 62–63; Pimlott, pp. 24, 69

[10] Brandreth, pp. 108–110; Lacey, pp. 159–161; Pimlott, pp. 20, 163

[11] Brandreth, pp. 108–110

[12] Brandreth, pp. 105–106

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