Elizabeth II
Elizabeth II (Elizabeth Alexandra Mary); An haife ta a 21 ga watan Afrilun shekara ta 1926. Ita ce Sarauniyar United Kingdom da wasu ƙasashen Ƙungiyar Ƙasashe masu tasowa.
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Elizabeth dai an haife ta ne a birnin London, ita ce ɗiyar farko daga gidan Duke na York da matarsa Duchess na York, wanda daga bisani ya zama Sarki George VI matarsa kuma Mahaifiyar Sarauniya Elizabeth II, sarauniyar ta samu karatun tane daga cikin gidan iyayenta a matsayin ta ƴar'gidan sarauta. Mahaifinta yakaiga karagar mulki bayan kwace sarautar da akayi daga hannun Sarki Edward VIII wanda ɗan uwan sa ne a shekara ta 1936, wanda tun daga nan ne ta zama maijiran gado. Tafara yin ayyukan al'umma, musamman aikin soja a yayin yaƙinn duniya II, inda tayi aiki a ƙarƙashin Auxiliary Territorial Service. A 1947, ta auri Philip, Duke na Edinburgh, tsohon Yariman ƙasar Greece da Denmark, wanda suke da yara huɗu dashi: Charles, Yariman Wales; Anne, Princess Royal; Andrew, Duke na York; da Edward, Earl na Wessex.
Bayan rasuwar mahaifin ta a watan Fabrairun shekara ta 1952, tazama shugaban Commonwealth kuma queen regnant na ƙasashe bakwai (7) dake cikin Commonwealth: United Kingdom, Kanada, Australiya, New Zealand, Union of South Africa, Dominion of Pakistan, da Ceylon. Tayi mulki da kawo sauyi dokokin ƙasashe kamar devolution in the United Kingdom, Canadian patriation, da kuma decolonisation of Africa. A tsakanin shekarar 1956 da shekarar 1992, adadin yawan ƙasashen da Elizabeth II ke mulka sun sauya kasantuwar wasu yankuna sun samu ƴancin cin gashin kansu, waɗanda suka haɗa da ƙasa kamar South Africa, Pakistan, da Ceylon (wanda aka canja wa suna zuwa Sri Lanka), wasu kuma sun zama republics. Daga cikin ziyarce ziyarcen ta na tarihi da huɗɗoɗinta akwai state visit to the Republic of Ireland da kuma ziyararta ga ko ziyartan Pope Roma biyar. Manyan biki a Rayuwarta akwai coronation in 1953 da murnar cikarta shekara ashirin da biyar a karagar mulki Silver, da na shekara hamsin Golden, da kuma Diamond Jubilees a shekara ta 1977, 2002, da 2012 dasuka gabata. A shekarar 2017, tazama sarauniyar Biritaniya ta farko da takai Sapphire Jubilee. Kuma ita ce mafi tsawon shekaru akan Sarautar Biritaniya har wayau ita ce tsohuwar sarauniyar data daɗe akan karagar mulki kuma mace shugaba da tafi daɗewa a duniya, kuma mafi tsawon shekaru akan karagar mulki cikin shugabannin duniya dake raye a yanzu.
Elizabeth ta fuskanci suka daga ƴan republican sentiments da na ƴan jarida royal family, musamman bayan rabe-raben auren ya'yanta her annus horribilis a shekarar 1992 da rasuwar death in 1997 wadda tsohuwar sarakuwarta ce Diana, Sarauniyar Wales. Duk da yake samun goyon bayan masarautar ya cigaba da ƙaruwa, hakama cigaba da karɓuwarta da karin farinjin ta..
Farkon RayuwartaGyara
An haifi Elizabeth a daidai karfe 02:40 (GMT) ranar 21 ga watan Afrilu shekara ta 1926, a lokacin mulkin kakanta namiji, King George V. Mahaifinta, Duke din York (wanda yazama King George VI), shine da na biyun Sarkin. Mahaifiyarta, Duchess din York (wadda tazama Queen Elizabeth), itace ƴar'autan Scottish aristocrat wato Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne. An haife ta a Caesarean section gidan iyayen kakanta dake London: 17 Bruton Street, Mayfair.[1] Anyimata baptised daga Anglican Archbishop of York, Cosmo Gordon Lang, a cocin Buckingham Palace a ranar 29 ga watan Mayu,[2]efn|name=baptism|Her godparents were: King George V and Queen Mary; Lord Strathmore; Prince Arthur, Duke of Connaught and Strathearn (her paternal great-granduncle); Princess Mary, Viscountess Lascelles (her paternal aunt); and Lady Elphinstone (her maternal aunt).[3] an raɗa mata suna Elizabeth daga sunan mahaifiyarta, Alexandra kuma bayan George V's mother, wanda yarasu wata shida kafin a haife ta, Mary kuma daga her paternal grandmother.[4] ƴan uwanta nakusa nakiranta da "Lilibet" ,[5] akan abinda takira kanta dashi ne da farko,[6] mahaifin mahaifinta na matuƙar sonta wato George V, a lokacin tsakanin ciwonsa a 1929, ziyarar data riƙa kai masa yasamu tagomashi a jaridu da kuma tarihai, tareda taimaka masa wurin samun sauƙi.[7]
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Yar'uwar Elizabeth daya, itace Princess Margaret, an haife ta a shekarar 1930. Sunyi karatunsu a gidan mahaifinsu a ƙarƙashin kulawar mahaifiyarsu da kuma maikula dasu wato, Marion Crawford.[8] Karatunsu yafi mayarda hankaline akan tarihi, Harshe, literature da Waƙa.[9] Crawford ya wallafa tarihin Elizabeth da yarintar Margaret, wanda akaiwa lakabi da The Little Princesses in 1950, much to the dismay of the royal family.[10] Littafi ya fayyace son da Elizabeth kewa Dokuna da Karnuka, yadda takeda tsari, da halayyarta na ɗaukan nauyin abunda ke ƙarƙashin ta.[11] Others echoed such observations: Winston Churchill described Elizabeth when she was two as "a character. She has an air of authority and reflectiveness astonishing in an infant."[12] Yar'uwar ta Margaret Rhodes ta bayyana ta matsayin "yarinya mai wasa, amma mai hankali da biyayya".[13]
HotunaGyara
Sarauniya tare da yarima Philip a Frankfurt
Sarauniya Elizabeth
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ManazartaGyara
- ↑ Bradford, p. 22; Brandreth, p. 103; Marr, p. 76; Pimlott, pp. 2–3; Lacey, pp. 75–76; Roberts, p. 74
- ↑ Hoey, p. 40
- ↑ Brandreth, p. 103; Hoey, p. 40
- ↑ Brandreth, p. 103
- ↑ Pimlott, p. 12
- ↑ Williamson, p. 205
- ↑ Lacey, p. 56; Nicolson, p. 433; Pimlott, pp. 14–16
- ↑ Crawford, p. 26; Pimlott, p. 20; Shawcross, p. 21
- ↑ Brandreth, p. 124; Lacey, pp. 62–63; Pimlott, pp. 24, 69
- ↑ Brandreth, pp. 108–110; Lacey, pp. 159–161; Pimlott, pp. 20, 163
- ↑ Brandreth, pp. 108–110
- ↑ Brandreth, p. 105; Lacey, p. 81; Shawcross, pp. 21–22
- ↑ Brandreth, pp. 105–106