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Bawa Muhaiyaddeen

Muhammad Raheem Bawa Muhaiyaddeen wanda aka fi sani da Bawa (An haife shi a shekarar 1900-ya rasu 8 Disamban shekarata 1986). ya kasance malami mai magana da yaren Tamil [1] kuma Sufi sufi daga Sri Lanka wanda ya zo Amurka a shekara ta 1971, [2] ya kafa mabiya, Muhaiyaddeen Fellowship a Philadelphia . Ya haɓaka rassa a Amurka, Kanada, [3] Ostiraliya da Burtaniya — yana ƙarawa zuwa ƙungiyoyin da ke akwai a Jaffna da Colombo, [4] Sri Lanka. An san shi da koyarwarsa, jawabai, waƙoƙi, da zane-zane.

Bawa Muhaiyaddeen
Rayuwa
Haihuwa Sri Lanka, 1900
Mutuwa 8 Disamba 1986
Sana'a
Sana'a shugaban addini
Imani
Addini Musulunci
Bawa

Rayuwar farko

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Ko da yake ba a san komai game da rayuwarsa ta farko ba, aikin Bawa Muhaiyaddeen ya fara ne a kasar Sri Lanka a farkon shekara ta 1940s, lokacin da ya fito daga dajin arewacin Sri Lanka. Bawa ya sadu da mahajjata waɗanda ke ziyartar wuraren bauta a arewa, kuma sannu-sannu ya zama sananne sosai. Akwai rahotanni game da mafarki ko haɗuwa da Bawa waɗanda suka gabaci saduwa da jiki. [4] A cewar wani lissafi daga shekara ta 1940, Bawa ya dau lokaci a ' Kataragama ', wani wurin bauta a dajin kudu da kuma tsibirin, da kuma a cikin 'Jailani', wani wurin ibada na tsauni da aka keɓe wa ' Abd al-Qadir al-Jilani na Baghdad, wani tarayyar da ke alakanta shi da tsarin Qadiriyya na Sufanci. Yawancin mabiyansa waɗanda ke zaune a kewayen arewacin garin Jaffna 'yan Hindu ne kuma sun yi masa magana a matsayin swami ko guru, inda ya kasance mai warkarwa da imani na — kuma ya warkar da mallakar aljanu .

Bayan haka, mabiyansa sun kafa ashram a Jaffna, da gona a kudu da garin. Bayan ya sadu da matafiya daga kudu, an kuma gayyace shi ya ziyarci Colombo, babban birnin Sri Lanka, a lokacin Ceylon. Zuwa shekara ta v1967, 'erenalibai ɗaliban Colombo waɗanda galibinsu Musulmai ne suka kafa' Serendib Sufi Study Circle ' A farkon shekara ta 1955, Bawa ya kafa harsashin ginin 'gidan Allah' ko masallaci a garin Mankumban, a gabar arewa. Wannan sakamakon sakamakon "gogewa ta ruhaniya tare da Maryamu, mahaifiyar Yesu." [5] Bayan shekaru 20, ɗalibai daga Amurka waɗanda ke ziyarar Jaffna ashram suka gama ginin. [6] An buɗe ta a hukumance kuma an sadaukar da ita a shekarar 1975. [7]

Bawa ya koyar ta amfani da labarai da tatsuniyoyi, wanda ya nuna asalin ɗalibin ko mai sauraren sa kuma ya haɗa da Hindu, Buddha, Bayahude, Kirista, da al'adun addinan musulmai; da kuma maraba da mutane daga dukkan al'adu da al'adu. [5]

Yi aiki a Amurka

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Bawa Muhaiyaddeen Zumunci

A cikin shekara ta 1971, an gayyaci Bawa zuwa kasar Amurka kuma daga baya ya koma Philadelphia, [5] kafa mabiya, kuma ya kafa Bawa Muhaiyaddeen Fellowship a cikin shekara ta 1973. Gidan taron zumunci ya gabatar da taron jama'a na mako-mako.

Kamar yadda yake a kasar Sri Lanka, Bawa ya sami cigaba tsakanin mabiya addinai, zamantakewa da ƙabila daban-daban, waɗanda suka zo Philadelphia don sauraron maganarsa A cikin Amurka, ƙasar Kanada da Ingila, malaman addini, 'yan jaridu, malamai da shugabanni sun amince da shi.  ] Mataimakin Sakatare Janar na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, Robert Muller, ya nemi jagorar Bawa a madadin 'yan adam yayin ganawa a shekara ta 1974. [8] A lokacin rikicin garkuwa da mutanen Iran na shekara ta 1978-1980, ya rubuta wasika zuwa ga shugabannin duniya da suka hada da Khomeini na Iran, Firayim Minista Begin, Shugaba Sadat da Shugaba Carter don karfafa sasanta rikicin cikin lumana. [9] [10] Mujallar Times, a lokacin rikicin a shekarar 1980, ta ambato Bawa yana cewa lokacin da Iraniyawa suka fahimci Kur'ani "za su saki wadanda aka yi garkuwar da su nan take." [11] Tattaunawa da Bawa sun bayyana a cikin Psychology A yau, [12] Harvard Divinity Bulletin, [13] da kuma a cikin Filadelfia Inquirer [14] da kuma Pittsburgh Press . Ya ci gaba da koyarwa har zuwa rasuwarsa a ranar 8 ga Disamba, 1986.

A Bayansa

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A watan Mayu, na shekara ta 1984, an kammala Masallacin Shaikh MR Bawa Muhaiyaddeen a kan kayan Philadelphia na Bawa Muhaiyaddeen Fellowship, a kan Overbrook Avenue. Ginin ya ɗauki watanni 6 kuma kusan dukkanin aikin membobin ƙungiyar ne suka yi shi ƙarƙashin jagorancin Bawa. [15]

 
Mazar na MR Bawa Muhaiyaddeen

Bawa Muhaiyaddeen Fellowship Farm ( 100 acres (0.40 km2) ne a Chester County, Pennsylvania, kudu da Coatesville da prominently siffofi Bawa ta kabarin, ko Mazar . Ginin ya fara jim kaɗan bayan mutuwarsa kuma an kammala shi a cikin shekara ta 1987. Wuri ne na mabiya addinai. [16]

Bawa ya kafa cin ganyayyaki a matsayin ƙa'idar mabiyansa [17] kuma ba a ba da izinin kayan nama a cibiyar tarayya ko gona ba. [18]

Bawa ya kirkiro zane-zane da zane wanda ke nuna alaƙar da ke tsakanin mutum da Allah, yana mai bayyana aikin fasaharsa a matsayin "aikin zuciya." [19] Misalai guda biyu an sake buga su a cikin littafinsa na Hikimar Mutum [20] [21] wani kuma shine bangon gaban littafin na Matakai Hudu zuwa Tsarkake Iman . [22] A cikin 1976, Bawa ya yi rikodin kuma ya fitar da kundin faifai na tunani, a kan Folkways Records mai taken, Cikin Sirrin Zuciya daga Guru Bawa Muhaiyaddeen. [23]

A Amurka, daga shekara ta 1971 zuwa shekara ta 1986, Bawa ya wallafa littattafai sama da ashirin da biyar, [24] wanda aka kirkira daga sama da awanni 10,000 na rikodin sauti da bidiyo na jawabansa da wakokinsa. Wasu taken sun samo asali ne daga Sri Lanka kafin isowarsa Amurka kuma an sake rubuta su daga baya. Baungiyar Bawa Muhaiyaddeen tana ci gaba da karatu da kuma yada wannan ma'ajiyar koyarwar tasa. Ba ta sanya sabon shugaba ko Sheik don maye gurbin matsayinsa na malami da jagorar kansa ba.

Laqabinsa da girmamawa

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Bawa Muhaiyaddeen ana kiransa Guru, Swami, Sheikh ko ' Mai Martaba ' ya danganta da asalin mai magana ko marubucin. Ya aka ma jawabi kamar yadda Bawangal da wadanda Tamil jawabai da suke kusa da shi, shi da wanda ya so ya yi amfani da wani m adireshin.Ya sau da yawa kira kansa a matsayin 'tururuwa mutum', [25] watau, wani sosai kananan rayuwa a cikin halittar Allah. Bayan isowarsa Amurka, ana kiransa da Guru Bawa ko kuma kawai Bawa, kuma ya kafa ƙungiyar. Zuwa shekara ta 1976, ya ji cewa wasu waɗanda ba malamai na gaske ba sun wulaƙanta taken 'guru' kuma ya bar taken Guru, tare da ƙungiyar ta zama Bawa Muhaiyaddeen Fellowship . [26]

Ya zuwa shekara ta 2007, ɗalibansa sun yi amfani da Kutb mai daraja a cikin wallafe-wallafen maganganun nasa. [27] Qutb yana nufin sanda ko axis, kuma yana nuna cibiyar ruhaniya. [28] Sunan Muhaiyaddeen na nufin 'mai rayarwa zuwa imani na gaskiya' kuma an danganta shi da Kutub da suka gabata.

Bayanansa

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  • "Sallolin da kuke yi, ayyukan da kuke yi, sadaka da kauna da kuke bayar daidai yake da digo ɗaya. Amma idan kuka yi amfani da wannan digo guda, ku ci gaba da aikinku, kuma ku ci gaba da tonowa a ciki, to sai mabudin falalar Allah da halayensa za su gudana a yalwace. ” [29]
  • "Mutanen da suke da hikima sun san cewa yana da muhimmanci su gyara kuskurensu, yayin da mutane ba tare da hikima ba suke ganin ya zama dole a nuna kuskuren wasu. Mutanen da ke da ƙaƙƙarfan bangaskiya sun san cewa yana da mahimmanci a tsabtace zukatansu, yayin da waɗanda ke da bangaskiya mara ƙarfi suna neman ɓata cikin zukatan wasu da addu'o'insu. Wannan ya zama dabi'a a rayuwarsu. Amma wadanda suka roki Allah da imani da azama da yakini sun san cewa mafi muhimmanci a rayuwa shi ne mika zukatansu ga Allah [30]
  • "Abubuwan da suka canza ba shine ainihin rayuwar mu ba. A cikinmu akwai wani jiki, wani kyau. Na wannan hasken haske ne wanda baya canzawa. Dole ne mu gano yadda ake cudanya da shi kuma mu zama ɗaya da wannan abin da ba ya canzawa. Dole ne mu gane kuma mu fahimci wannan taskar gaskiya. Don haka ne muka zo duniya [31]
  • "Loveaunar ku, yayana. Kadan ne cikin mutane zasu yarda da maganin hikima. Hankali ya ƙi hikima. Amma idan kun yarda da yarda da shi, za ku sami alherin, kuma lokacin da kuka sami wannan alherin, kuna da halaye masu kyau. Lokacin da kuka sami halaye masu kyau, zaku san ƙauna ta gaskiya, kuma idan kuka karɓi soyayya, za ku ga haske. Lokacin da kuka karɓi haske, za ku ga ƙyalli, kuma idan kuka karɓi wannan ƙyallen, dukiyar duniyan nan uku za ta cika a cikinku. Da wannan cikakkiyar, za ku karɓi mulkin Allah, kuma za ku san Ubanku. Idan kuka ga Mahaifinku, duk alaƙar ku da karma, yunwa, cuta, tsufa zai bar ku. ” [32]
  • Jikokina, wannan shine yadda abubuwa suke da gaske. Dole ne muyi komai tare da kauna a cikin zukatanmu. Allah na kowa ne. Ya ba da gama gari ga dukan halittunsa, kuma kada mu ɗauka da kanmu. Kada mu dauki fiye da rabonmu. Dole ne zukatanmu su narke da kauna, dole ne mu raba komai da wasu, kuma dole ne mu bayar da kauna don sanya wasu cikin lumana. Sa'annan zamuyi nasarar kyan mu na gaske da kuma kwatowar ruhin mu. Da fatan za a yi tunani a kan wannan. Addu'a, halayen Allah, ayyukan Allah, imani da Allah, da kuma bautar Allah su ne falalar ku. Idan kana da wadannan, Allah zai zama naka kuma arzikin lahira zai zama naka. Jikokina, ku fahimci hakan a rayuwar ku. Ka yi la’akari da rayuwarka, ka nemi hikima, ka nemi ilimi, ka kuma nemi wannan kaunar Allah wanda yake ilmin Allah ne, ka kuma bincika halayensa, da kaunarsa, da ayyukansa. Hakan zai yi kyau. Amin. Ya Rabbal-'alamin. Haka abin ya kasance. Ya Sarkin talikai. Allah Ya ba ku wannan. ” [33]
  • "Allah yana da gida a cikin zuciyarmu. Dole ne mu sami gida a cikin gidan Allah a cikin zuciyarmu "- Bawa Mahaiyaddeen ya raba shi cikin tattaunawa tare da mai ba da shawara ga marasa gida a yankin Muhaiyaddeen da ke Philadelphia - 1986.

Rubutunsa da Dalibansa da Sauransu

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Littattafan mabiyansa da wasu game da MR Bawa Muhaiyaddeen sun hada da:

  • Littafin Mai Mallaka ga Beingan Adam ta Mitch Gilbert, mai buga Haske mai haske, 2005, 
  • Hasken Haske: Sallah ta Sau 5 na Sufaye na Coleman Barks da Michael Green, mai wallafa Ballantine Wellspring, 2000,  . A cewar mawallafin, littafin "ya gabatar da gabatarwa mai gamsarwa game da hikima da koyarwar masoyinka Sufi na wannan zamani Bawa Muhaiyaddeen, wanda ya kawo sabuwar rayuwa ga wannan al'adar ta sihiri ta hanyar bude hanya zuwa ga zurfinta, hakikanin duniya. Ayyuka ne na ƙauna na sanannun ɗalibai biyu na Bawa, Coleman Barks da Michael Green, waɗanda kuma suka ƙirƙira Hasken Hasken Rumi . "
  • Wata Waƙa: Wani Sabon Haske mai Rumi na Michael Green, Mawallafin Gudanar da Labarai, 2005, 
  • Shekaruna Na tare da Kutub: Tafiya a Aljanna daga Farfesa Sharon Marcus, mawallafin Sufi Press, 2007, 
  • Hotunan MIRROR da Tunani kan Rayuwa tare da MR Bawa Muhaiyaddeen (Ral.) Na Chloë Le Pichon da Dwaraka Ganesan da Saburah Posner da Sulaiha Schwartz, waɗanda Chloë Le Pichon suka buga a ɓoye, 2010,  . Pageaukar hoto mai girma mai shafuka 237 tare da sharhi daga masu ba da gudummawa 78.
  • Rayuwa tare da Guru ta Dr. Art Hochberg, mai wallafa Kalima, 2014, 
  • Elixir na Gaskiya: Tafiya a kan Tafarkin Sufanci, Juzu'i na ɗaya daga Musa Muhaiyaddeen, Shaida A cikin mawallafi, 2013, 
  • Neman Hanyar Gida ta Dr. Lockwood Rush, Ilm House m, 2007, 
  • GPS don Rai: Hikimar Jagora ta Dana Hayne, BalboaPress m, 2017, 

Coleman Barks, wani mawaƙi kuma mai fassara zuwa Turanci na ayyukan mawaƙin Musulmin Sunni na ƙarni na 13 Jalāl ad-Dīn Muḥammad Rūmī, ya bayyana haɗuwa da Bawa Muhaiyaddeen a cikin mafarki a cikin shekara ta 1977. [34] Bayan wannan kwarewa ya fara fassara baitocin Rumi. Daga karshe Coleman ya hadu da Bawa Muhaiyaddeen a watan Satumba, na shekara ta 1978 kuma ya ci gaba da yin mafarki inda zai sami koyarwa. Coleman ya kamanta Bawa Muhaiyaddeen da Rumi da Shams Tabrizi, abokin Rumi. Artist Michael Green yayi aiki tare da Coleman Barks don samar da fasali na ayyukan Rumi. [35] [36]

A cikin "Shaidan Mai Shuɗi", Michael Muhammad Knight yayi ƙoƙari ya karɓi saƙo daga Bawa a cikin mafarki, a wata hanyar Sufi da ake kira istikhara . Yana tafiya zuwa mazar ɗin kuma ba tare da nasara ba yayi ƙoƙari ya yi bacci a kan matasai, amma mai tsaron filayen ne ya tashe shi. [37]

Kun bincika koyarwar Bawa a cikin kundin waƙoƙin su na huɗu, Duk Hauka ne! Duk Karya Ne! Duk Mafarki Ne! Yayi kyau . Labarin malamin na "The Fox, the Crow, and Cookie" daga Loveaunar Ku Mya Childrenana: Labari na 101 ga Yara an faɗi shi da labarinsa game da "Sarki Beetle" daga Hikimar Allah mai Haskakawa wanda ke Warwatsa Duhu.

Duba kuma

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Manazarta

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  1. ↑ Malik and Hinnells, p. 90.
  2. ↑ Divine Luminous Wisdom, p. 254.
  3. ↑ Malik and Hinnells, p. 93.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Malik and Hinnells, p. 91.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Malik and Hinnells, p. 92.
  6. ↑ Malik and Hinnells, p 92.
  7. ↑ The Tree That Fell to the West, p. 171.
  8. ↑ To Die Before Death, p. xix.
  9. ↑ Haddad and Smith, p 103.
  10. ↑ The Truth and Unity of Man: Letters in Response to a Crisis
  11. ↑ Article Is the Ayatullah a Heretic? in the April 28, 1980 issue of Time Magazine
  12. ↑ Article The Mind is in the Heart by Sam Keen in April, 1976 issue.
  13. ↑ Harvard Divinity Bulletin. Harvard University Divinity School. December 1982 – January 1983, Volume XIII, Number 2
  14. ↑ Haddad and Smith, p 104.
  15. ↑ Bawa Muhaiyaddeen Fellowship web-site.
  16. ↑ Xavier, M. Shobhana. "An American Sufi Shrine, Bawa’s Mazar in Coatesville, Pennsylvania." Object Narrative. In Conversations: An Online Journal of the Center for the Study of Material and Visual Cultures of Religion (2016). doi:10.22332/con.obj.2016.5 http://mavcor.yale.edu/conversations/object-narratives/american-sufi-shrine-bawa-s-mazar-coatesville-pennsylvania
  17. ↑ God, His Prophets and His Children, pgs. 150–157
  18. ↑ Bawa Muhaiyaddeen Fellowship web-site Farm page
  19. ↑ Acknowledgments page, Wisdom of Man
  20. ↑ Wisdom of Man, pg. 8
  21. ↑ Wisdom of Man, pg. 28
  22. ↑ Four Steps to Pure Iman, front cover.
  23. ↑ "Smithsonian Folkways recording FW08905" Archived 2021-05-02 at the Wayback Machine.
  24. ↑ Islam and World Peace, pg.173.
  25. ↑ The Tree That Fell to the West, p. 165.
  26. ↑ Truth and Light, p. 10.
  27. ↑ The Point Where God and Man Meet, p. xi.
  28. ↑ Resonance of Allah, p. 716.
  29. ↑ Sheikh and Disciple, p. 63.
  30. ↑ Islam and World Peace, p. 3.
  31. ↑ Questions of Life Answers of Wisdom, Vol.1, p. 220.
  32. ↑ Come to the Secret Garden, p. 188.
  33. ↑ My Love you My Children; p. 466.
  34. ↑ Rumi: the Book of Love, p. 140.
  35. ↑ Xavier, M. Shobhana. "From Illuminated Rumi to the Green Barn: The Art of Sufism in America." Object Narrative. In Conversations: An Online Journal of the Center for the Study of Material and Visual Cultures of Religion (2016). doi:10.22332/con.obj.2016.4 http://mavcor.yale.edu/conversations/object-narratives/illuminated-rumi-green-barn-art-sufism-america
  36. ↑ Xavier, M. Shobhana. "Interview with American Sufi Artist Michael Green." Interview. In Conversations: An Online Journal of the Center for the Study of Material and Visual Cultures of Religion (2016). doi:10.22332/con.int.2016.1 http://mavcor.yale.edu/conversations/interviews/interview-american-sufi-artist-michael-green
  37. ↑ "Blue-Eyed Devil", pg. 86-88.

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