Édouard Balladur
Édouard Balladur ɗan siyasan Faransa ne. An haife shi a shekara ta 1929 a Izmir, Turkiyya. Édouard Balladur firaministan kasar Faransa ne daga Maris 1993 zuwa Mayu 1995.
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Tarihin Rayuwa
gyara sasheBalladur an haife shi ne a İzmir, Turkiyya, ga dangin Armeniyawa mai 'ya'ya biyar kuma doguwar alaka da Faransa. Iyalinsa sun yi hijira zuwa Marseille a tsakiyar tsakiyar 1930s.[1]
A 1957, Balladur ya auri Marie-Josèphe Delacour, wanda ya haifi 'ya'ya maza hudu.
Farkon Sana'ar Siyasa
gyara sasheBalladur ya fara aikinsa na siyasa a 1964 a matsayin mai ba da shawara ga Firayim Minista Georges Pompidou. Bayan zaben Pompidou a matsayin Shugaban Faransa a 1969, Balladur an nada shi a matsayin babban sakatare janar na fadar shugaban kasa sannan sakatare janar daga 1973 zuwa mutuwar Pompidou a 1974.
Balladur ya koma siyasa a shekarun 1980 a matsayin mai goyon bayan [Jacques Chirac]]. Memba na Neo-Gaullist Rally for the Republic (RPR), shi ne masanin ka'idar bayan "gwamnatin zaman tare" daga 1986 zuwa 1988, yana bayyana cewa idan 'yancin ya ci zaben 'yan majalisa, zai iya yin mulki tare da Chirac a matsayin Firayim Minista ba tare da Jam'iyyar Socialist Shugaba François Mitterrand ya yi murabus. A matsayinsa Ministan Tattalin Arziki da Kuɗi, ya aiwatar da manufar liberal Economic mai tunawa da wacce aka danganta ga Ronald Reagan da [[Margaret Thatcher]. ]]. Ta haka ne ya aiwatar da wani babban shiri privatization, wanda ya ƙunshi kamfanoni da dama da aka yi ƙasa a 1945 da 1982, kamar su Compagnie Financière de Suez, Paribas da Société Générale. Ya kuma mayar da TF1 . Ya kuma rage yawan ma’aikatan gwamnati da kudaden gwamnati.
Balladur ya bayyana a matsayin mataimakin firaministan da ba na hukuma ba a majalisar ministocin da Chirac ke jagoranta. Ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen amincewa da manufofin masu sassaucin ra'ayi da masu goyon bayan Turai ta Chirac da RPR. Bayan da Chirac ya sha kaye a zaɓen shugaban ƙasa na 1988, wani ɓangare na RPR ya ɗauke shi alhakin watsi da Gaullist koyaswar, amma ya kiyaye amincewar Chirac.
Firayim Minista
gyara sasheLokacin da kawancen RPR/ UDF ya lashe zaben majalisar dokoki na 1993, Chirac ya ki ya zama Firayim Minista a karo na biyu tare da Shugaba Mitterrand, kuma Balladur ya zama Firayim Minista. Firayam Minista. Ya fuskanci mawuyacin halin tattalin arziki, amma ba ya son yin kura-kurai na siyasa na gwamnatin hadin gwiwa da ta gabata. Ya ci gaba da manufofin tattalin arziki da ya aiwatar a cikin 1986 ta hanyar aiwatar da sabbin kamfanoni (musamman Rhône-Poulenc, [Banque Nationale de Paris]] da Elf).[2] Nuna hoton shuru. mai ra'ayin mazan jiya, bai tambayi harajin dukiya ba (wanda 'yan gurguzu suka sake kafawa a cikin 1988).
Ya ƙi yarda da François Mitterrand ta hanyar la'akari da cewa [gwajin makaman nukiliya] ya zama dole don kiyaye amincin abin hana Faransanci.
Duk da cin hanci da rashawa da ya shafi wasu ministocinsa, wadanda ya tilastawa yin murabus (don haka ya ba da sunansa ga wadanda ake kira "[Balladur fikihu])), ya samu goyon bayan kafafen yada labarai masu tasiri.
Zaben shugaban kasa 1995
gyara sasheLokacin da ya zama Firayim Minista, Balladur ya yi wa Chirac alkawarin cewa ba zai shiga [[zaben shugaban kasa na Faransa na 1995] ba, kuma zai goyi bayan takarar Chirac. Sai dai wasu ‘yan siyasa na hannun dama sun shawarci Balladur ya tsaya takarar shugaban kasa a 1995. Ya koma kan alkawarin da ya yi wa Chirac ya shiga yakin neman zabe. Lokacin da ya bayyana takararsa, watanni hudu kafin zabe, an dauke shi a matsayin wanda ya fi so. A zaben, ya jagoranci Chirac da kusan maki 20. Duk da haka, daga matsayin baƙon waje, Chirac ya soki Balladur a matsayin wakiltar "manyan ra'ayoyin", kuma rata a cikin zaɓen ya ragu da sauri. Bayyanar wata badakalar cin hanci da ta shafi Balladur shi ma ya taimaka wajen raguwar farin jininsa a tsakanin masu kada kuri'a.
A zagayen farko na zaben, Balladur ya zo matsayi na uku da kashi 18.6% na kuri'un da aka kada a bayan dan takarar Socialist Lionel Jospin da Chirac. Ta haka ne aka fitar da shi daga zaben fidda gwanin da aka yi tsakanin manyan 'yan takara biyu, wanda Chirac ya lashe.
Nan da nan Chirac ya nada Alain Juppé don maye gurbin Balladur a matsayin Firayim Minista. Duk da cewa Chirac ya bayyana cewa shi da Balladur sun kasance abokai tsawon shekaru 30, matakin da Balladur ya dauka na yin adawa da shi ya dagula dangantakarsu sosai. A sakamakon haka, "Balladuriens" da suka mara masa baya a zaben shugaban kasa, irin su [Nicolas Sarkozy], sun yi watsi da sabuwar gwamnatin Chirac.
Daga baya harkar siyasa
gyara sasheBalladur ya kasa lashe zaben shugaban kasa na yankin Île-de-Faransa a cikin 1998, nadin RPR na magajin gari na Paris a 2001, da Shugaban Île-de-France [Faransa National Assembly|National Assembly]] a shekara ta 2002. Ya shugabanci kwamitin harkokin waje na majalisar dokokin tarayya a lokacin zamansa na karshe na majalisa (2002-2007). Tun cikin 1980s, ya ba da shawarar haɗe ƙungiyoyin dama zuwa babbar jam'iyya guda ɗaya, amma Chirac ne ya gudanar da wannan aiki, tare da ƙirƙirar Union for a Popular Movement a cikin 2002.
Bayan zaben shugaban kasar Faransa na 2007, Nicolas Sarkozy ya nada Balladur a matsayin shugaban kwamitin sake fasalin hukumomi. Majalisar ta amince da bitar kundin tsarin mulki a cikin Yuli 2008.
Daga 1968 zuwa 1980, Balladur ya kasance shugaban kamfanin Faransa na Mont Blanc Tunnel yayin da yake rike da wasu mukamai daban-daban a ma'aikatan minista. Bayan mummunan hatsarin da ya faru a cikin rami na 1999, ya ba da shaida ga kotun da ke yanke hukunci a 2005 game da matakan tsaro da ya dauka ko bai dauka ba. Balladur ya yi iƙirarin cewa a koyaushe yana ɗaukar tsaro da muhimmanci, amma yana da wuya a amince da wani abu da kamfanin Italiya da ke aiki da sashin Italiyanci na ramin. Daga 1977 zuwa 1986, ya kasance shugaban Générale de Service Informatique (daga baya ya hade cikin [IBM Global Services]), wanda ya sanya shi daya daga cikin 'yan siyasar Faransa da ke da kwarewar kasuwanci.
A cikin 2006, ya sanar da cewa ba zai sake tsayawa takara ba a shekara ta 2007 a matsayin memba na majalisar dokoki na 15th unguwa na birnin Paris, cibiyar 'yan mazan jiya.
A cikin 2008, Balladur ya ziyarci Amurka don yin magana a wani taron da Majalisar Streit ta shirya, tushen Washington tunanin tunani. Balladur ya gabatar da sabon littafinsa na baya-bayan nan, inda ya zayyana manufar "Union of West"[3]
Balladur sau da yawa ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin wanda ba shi da kyau, mai girman kai, kuma mai girman kai a cikin kafofin watsa labarai, kamar [[ Canard Enchaîné ] mako-mako ko Les Guignols de l'info nunin TV. Ba zato ba tsammani, yawan ministocin Gwamnatin Faransa wadanda su ma membobi ne na [Le Siècle (think tank)|Le Siècle]] ya kai kashi 72% a karkashin [[Prime Minister of France |Prime Ministership] ] (1993–95).[4]
Manazarta
gyara sashe- ↑ Marsh, David. Yuro. Yale University Press . ISBN 978-0-300-17390-1. Unknown parameter
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- ↑ /balladur_bio.htm "{ take}" Check
|archive-url=value (help). Archived from the original on 9 Yuli 2009. Unknown parameter|kwanan wata shiga=ignored (help); Invalid|url-status=matattu(help); Check date values in:|archive-date=(help) - ↑ Brigitte Granville; Jaume Martorell Cruz; Martha Prevezer. "Elites, Thickets and Institutions: Resistance French Versus Adaptation to Jamus Canjin Tattalin Arziki, 1945-2015 2018". Unknown parameter
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