Rashin haihuwa na mace
Rashin haihuwa na mace yana nufin rashin haihuwa a cikin mata. mafi yawa Yana shafar mata kimanin miliyan 48 a duniya, tare da mafi girman yawan rashin haihuwa da ke shafar mata a Kudancin Asiya, Afirka kudu da hamadar Sahara, Arewacin Afirka/ Gabas ta Tsakiya, da Tsakiyar/ Gabashin Turai da Tsakiyar Asiya. Rashin samun haihuwa yana faruwa ne ta hanyoyi da yawa, ciki har da rashin abinci mai gina jiki, cututtuka, da sauran nakasa na mahaifa. Rashin haihuwa yana shafar mata daga sassa daban-daban na duniya, kuma al'adu da zamantakewar al'adu da ke tattare da shi ya bambanta[1]
| Rashin haihuwa na mace | |
|---|---|
Description (en)  | |
| Iri |
infertility (en) |
| Specialty (en) |
gynaecology (en) |
| Identifier (en) | |
| ICD-10-CM | N97 |
| ICD-9-CM | 628.9 da 628.8 |
| ICD-10 | N97.0 |
| ICD-9 | 628 |
| DiseasesDB | 4786 |
| MedlinePlus | 001191 |
| eMedicine | 001191 |
| MeSH | D007247 |
Abubuwan dake kawoshi
gyara sasheKo da yake ana iya rarraba abubuwan da ke haifar da rashin haihuwa a matsayin ko dai samun matsalar akayi daga baya ko kuma dalilin kwayoyin halitta, rashin haihuwa mace yawanci fiye ko žasa hade da yanayin halitta da reno . Har ila yau, kasancewar duk wani abu guda mai haɗari na rashin haihuwa na mace (kamar shan taba, wanda aka ambata a ƙasa) ba lallai ba ne ya haifar da rashin haihuwa, kuma ko da mace ba ta da haihuwa, ba shakka ba za a iya zargi da rashin haihuwa a kan kowane abu guda ɗaya ba ko da kuwa. hadarin yana tare da ita.[2]
Matsaloli wadanda ake samu
gyara sashekamar yadda Ƙungiyar Amirka don Magungunan Haihuwa (ASRM), suka tanadar, shekaru, shan taba, cututtuka da ake daukar su ta hanyar jima'i, da kuma kiba ko rashin nauyi na iya shafar haihuwa. [3] A cikin ma'ana mai zurfi, abubuwan da aka samo a zahiri sun haɗa da duk wani abu wanda bai dogara da maye gurbin kwayoyin halitta ba, gami da duk wani bayyanar da mahaifa akan sinadaran da zasu yi mata illa. wanda zai iya gabatar da rashin haihuwa koda bayan wani lokaci ne.
shekaru
gyara sasheYawan haihuwa na mace yanada alaka da shekarunta. Matsakaicin shekarun farkon al'adar yarinya ( menarche ) shine 12-13 (shekaru 12.5 a Amurka, [4] 12.72 a Kanada, [5] 12.9 a cikin Burtaniya [6] ), amma, a cikin 'yan mata bayan sun yi aure, kusan 80 % na al"adar matar basu fitar da kwan halitta na haihuwa a cikin shekara ta farko bayan haila, 50% a cikin na uku da 10% a shekara ta shida. [7] Haihuwar mace yana ƙaruwa a farkon da tsakiyar 20s, bayan haka ta fara raguwa, tare da haɓaka wannan raguwa bayan shekaru 35. Sai dai ba a fayyace takamammen kiyasi na yiwuwar mace ta samu ciki bayan wasu shekaru ba, inda bincike ya bayar da sakamako daban-daban. Damar ma'aurata na samun nasarar samun juna biyu tun lokacin da suka tsufa ya dogara ne akan abubuwa da yawa, ciki har da lafiyar mace gaba ɗaya da kuma haihuwa na abokin tarayya.
Shekarun tsayawar haihuwa yawanci yana faruwa tsakanin shekaru 44 zuwa 58. [8] Ba kasafai ake yin gwajin DNA ba don tabbatar da da'awar haihuwa a shekarun da suka wuce, amma a wani babban bincike, a cikin bakin haure 12,549 na Afirka da Gabas ta Tsakiya, wanda gwajin DNA ya tabbatar, iyaye mata biyu ne kawai aka gano sun girmi shekaru hamsin; babbar mahaifiyar tana da shekaru 52.1 a cikin ciki (kuma ƙaramar uwa 10.7 shekaru). [9]
shan Taba
gyara sasheShan taba yana da illa ga kwayakwan halitta na mata, kuma girman lalacewar ya dogara ne akan adadin da tsawon lokacin da mace take shan taba ko kuma ta fuskanci yanayi mai cike da hayaki. Nicotine da sauran sinadarai masu cutarwa a cikin sigari suna hana jiki fittar da sinadaran hormone wanda suke taimakawa wurin daukar juna biyu tare da ikon jiki don ƙirƙirar estrogen, hormone wanda ke daidaita folliculogenesis da ovulation . Har ila yau, shan taba sigari yana shafar hada kwan halitta, jigilar amfrayo, karɓar karɓar endometrial, angiogenesis na endometrial, jini na mahaifa da kuma myometrium na mahaifa. [10] Wasu lalacewa ba za su iya jurewa ba, amma dakatar da shan taba na iya hana ƙarin lalacewa. [11] Masu shan taba sun fi kashi 60% na rashin haihuwa fiye da masu shan taba. [12] Shan taba yana rage yiwuwar haihuwar IVF da kashi 34 cikin 100 kuma yana ƙara haɗarin zubar ciki na IVF da kashi 30%. [12] Har ila yau, mata masu shan taba suna da farkon farkon haila da kusan shekaru 1-4. [13]
Cututtukan da ake ɗauka ta hanyar jima'i
gyara sasheCututtukan da ake ɗauka ta hanyar jima'i sune kan gaba na sanadin rashin haihuwa. Sau da yawa suna nuna kaɗan, idan akwai alamun bayyanar, tare da haɗarin kasa neman magani mai kyau cikin lokaci don hana raguwar haihuwar. [14]
Nauyin jiki da rashin cin abinci
gyara sasheKashi 12 cikin 100 na dukkan matsalolin rashin haihuwa sakamakon mace ko dai rashin kiba ne ko kuma kiba . Kwayoyin kitse suna samar da estrogen, [15] ban da gabobin jima'i na farko. Yawan kitse na jiki yana haifar da samar da isrogen da yawa kuma jiki yakan fara kamar yana kan hana haihuwa, yana iyakance yiwuwar samun ciki. [16] rashin kitse na jiki yana haifar da rashin isasshen isrogen da rushewar al'ada . [16] Dukansu mata marar sa kiba da kuma kiba suna da matsalar alada wanda ba ya faruwa ko kuma yazo a cikin rashin tsari. [16] Ingantaccen abinci mai gina jiki a farkon rayuwa shima babban dalilin samun haihuwa. [17]
Wani bincike da aka gudanar a Amurka ya nuna cewa kusan kashi 20% na matan da ba su da haihuwa suna da matsalar cin abinci da ta shude ko ta yanzu, wanda ya ninka sau biyar fiye da yadda ake yawan yaɗuwar rayuwa. [18]
Manazarta
gyara sashe- ↑ te Velde, E. R. (2002). "The variability of female reproductive ageing". Human Reproduction Update. 8 (2): 141–154. doi:10.1093/humupd/8.2.141. ISSN 1355-4786. PMID 12099629
- ↑ ^ http://www.fertilityfaq.org/_pdf/magazine1_v4.pd
- ↑ http://www.fertilityfaq.org/_pdf/magazine1_v4.pdf[permanent dead link]
- ↑ Anderson SE, Dallal GE, Must A (April 2003). "Relative weight and race influence average age at menarche: results from two nationally representative surveys of US girls studied 25 years apart". Pediatrics. 111 (4 Pt 1): 844–50. doi:10.1542/peds.111.4.844. PMID 12671122
- ↑ Al-Sahab B, Ardern CI, Hamadeh MJ, Tamim H (2010). "Age at menarche in Canada: results from the National Longitudinal Survey of Children & Youth"
- ↑ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2018-10-09. Retrieved 2012-02-11
- ↑ Apter D (February 1980). "Serum steroids and pituitary hormones in female puberty: a partly longitudinal study". Clinical Endocrinology. 12 (2): 107–20. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2265.1980.tb02125.x. PMID 6249519. S2CID 19913395
- ↑ Morabia A, Costanza MC (December 1998). "International variability in ages at menarche, first livebirth, and menopause. World Health Organization Collaborative Study of Neoplasia and Steroid Contraceptives". American Journal of Epidemiology. 148 (12): 1195–205. doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a009609. PMID 9867266
- ↑ Forster P, Hohoff C, Dunkelmann B, Schürenkamp M, Pfeiffer H, Neuhuber F, Brinkmann B. (2015) "Elevated germline mutation rate in teenage fathers".
- ↑ Dechanet C, Anahory T, Mathieu Daude JC, Quantin X, Reyftmann L, Hamamah S, Hedon B, Dechaud H (2011). "Effects of cigarette smoking on reproduction". Hum. Reprod. Update. 17 (1): 76–95. doi:10.1093/humupd/dmq033
- ↑ FERTILITY FACT > Female Risks Error in Webarchive template: Empty url. By the American Society for Reproductive Medicine (ASRM).
- ↑ 12.0 12.1 Regulated fertility services: a commissioning aid - June 2009 Error in Webarchive template: Empty url., from the Department of Health UK
- ↑ Practice Committee of American Society for Reproductive Medicine (2008). "Smoking and Infertility". Fertil Steril. 90 (5 Suppl): S254–9
- ↑ FERTILITY FACT > Female Risks Error in Webarchive template: Empty url. By the American Society for Reproductive Medicine (ASRM).
- ↑ Empty citation (help)
- ↑ 16.0 16.1 16.2 FERTILITY FACT > Female Risks Error in Webarchive template: Empty url. By the American Society for Reproductive Medicine (ASRM).
- ↑ Koning AM, Kuchenbecker WK, Groen H, et al. (2010). "Economic consequences of overweight and obesity in infertility: a framework for evaluating the costs and outcomes of fertility care"
- ↑ How Cancer Treatments Can Affect Fertility in Women