Myriam Ben
Myriam Ben (10 Oktoba 1928-2001) ɗan gwagwarmayar Aljeriya ne,marubuci,mawaƙi, kuma mai zane.
 Myriam Ben | |
|---|---|
| Rayuwa | |
| Haihuwa | Aljir, 10 Oktoba 1928 |
| ƙasa |
Aljeriya Faransa |
| Mutuwa | Vesoul, 19 Nuwamba, 2001 |
| Karatu | |
| Makaranta |
University of Paris (en)  |
| Harsuna | Faransanci |
| Sana'a | |
| Sana'a | marubuci da maiwaƙe |
| Sunan mahaifi | Myriam Ben |
Rayuwar farko
gyara sasheAn haifi Marylise Ben Haim a Algiers ranar 10 ga Oktoba,1928.Mahaifinta Moses Ben Haim ɗan asalin Berber ne na Yahudawa kuma ɗan gurguzu ne wanda ya yi aiki a cikin sojojin Faransa a lokacin juyin juya halin Oktoba,kuma mahaifiyarta Sultana Stora,mawaƙin Bayahude ce ta Andalusi. Ta yi girma a gidan da ba addini ba,ta tuna daga baya cewa tana ’yar shekara bakwai kafin ta gane cewa danginta Bayahude ne.[1] A cikin 1940,gwamnatin Vichy Faransa ta soke dokar Crémieux na ƙarni na 19,don haka hana Yahudawa Aljeriya zama ɗan ƙasa kuma ya haifar da korar Ben daga lycée Ta kasance tana halartar Algiers.[1] Ta halarci makarantar Yahudawa a takaice,Ecole Maïmonide,amma ta kammala karatunta a gida saboda adawar mahaifinta ga Zionism.[1] Ben ta lura a cikin tarihinta,Quand les cartes sont truquées,an kwatanta ta da"Juive-Indigène",ko"Bayahude 'yar kasa" akan katin shaidarta na lokacin yaƙi.
Adalci na zamantakewa da siyasa
gyara sashe
Ko da yake an maido da zama ɗan ƙasar Faransa ga Yahudawan Aljeriya a cikin 1943,Ben yanzu yana aiki a matsayin "mai ba da shawara ga haƙƙin abin da ake kira matalauta na asali". A 14,ta zama shugabar Matasan Kwaminisanci.[1] Ta kuma kasance mai aiki a Ƙungiyar Mata, kuma ta hanyar tallafin ƙungiyar ta zama malamar makaranta a garin Miliana.[1] Ita da 'yan uwanta malaman sun umurci daliban-akasarinsu Musulmai da matalauta-amma kuma sun yi ƙoƙari su ɗaga hankalinsu na siyasa da haɓaka fahimtar tarihin da ba a yi wa mulkin mallaka ba. [1]
A cikin 1946,Ben ya nuna sha'awar shiga cikin Aero Club na Algiers,amma mahaifinta ya ƙi hakan.Har yanzu ana la'akari da ita kanana tun tana kasa da shekara 21,don haka sai da ta jira shekaru biyar kafin ta fara tashi.A cikin 1951,bayan awanni 15 na darasin jirgin,an ba ta lasisin matukin jirgi.Ana ganin ta a matsayin mace ta farko da ta cancanci matukin jirgi a Aljeriya.Don biyan kuɗin karatun ta na tuƙin jirgin sama,ta yi gwajin jiragen farko ga sabbin membobin ƙungiyar,kodayake wasu mutane sun yi hattara da mace matuƙi. Hakan bai hana ta koyon yadda ake tuka jirgin sama da babban matukin jirgi a Aero Club,wanda tsohon soja ne na Escadrille d'Etampes.
A shekara ta 1952,Ben ta sami aikinta na farko a matsayin malami a wata makaranta a ƙauyen Aboutville(yanzu ana kiranta Aïn El Hadjar,Bouïra).Kauye ne mara kyau kuma makarantar tana cikin mummunan yanayi amma tana da sha'awar rawar da ta taka.Sa’ad da iyaye suka ji kunyar tura ’ya’yansu makaranta don ba su da takalma,Ben yakan je ya ɗauko su. Daga 1954,alkawurran siyasa na Marylise sun tilasta mata ta shiga karkashin kasa kuma ta daina tashi.
Ben ya goyi bayan anti-Faransa National Liberation Front (FLN)daga farkon yakin Aljeriya na 'yancin kai,kuma ya kasance memba na Maquis Rouge,yana ba da kayan aiki. Gwamnatin Faransa ta dauke ta a matsayin mai laifi,kuma ta yanke mata hukuncin daurin shekaru 20 na aiki mai tsanani,ba ta nan;duk da haka,ba a taɓa kama ta ba kuma bayan shekaru za a gafarta masa.[1] Lokacin da yaƙi ya ƙare a 1962,Ben ya zama memba na gwamnatin Aljeriya mai cin gashin kanta.[1]
Art da adabi
gyara sasheA cikin 1967,Ben ta fara aikinta na fasaha a matsayin mawaƙi,marubuci ɗan gajeren labari,marubuci, kuma mai zan. Ta buga tarin wakoki da dama, tarin gajerun labarai (Ainsi naquit un homme,1982),da novel Sabrina (1986),aikinta mafi tsayi.[2] Sabrina ta ba da labarin wasu musulmi guda biyu masu soyayya da suka taso a Faransa kuma suka fuskanci matsalolin daidaitawa da sabuwar gwamnatin Aljeriya.Marubucin Faransanci,mai fassara,kuma masani Albert Bensoussan yana tunanin Ben ya yi amfani da halayen Sabrina don bincika ƙaura da ta samu tare da al'adun Faransanci a Aljeriya mai cin gashin kanta.
Ayyukan ban mamaki na Ben,"Leïla,poème scénique en deux actes et un prologue,"daga tarin Ben,Leïla:Les enfants du mendiant,cibiyar jarumar,Leila,a moudjahida.Caroline E.Kelley ta karanta wannan aikin a matsayin sake fassara labarin Antigone.[3]
An kuma yi bikin Ben don zane-zane na zane-zane.[4]
Ritaya zuwa Faransa
gyara sasheA cikin 1991,yayin da Aljeriya ta shiga lokacin yakin basasa,Ben ya koma Faransa.A cikin littafin novella na Ben,Nora,ta rubuta game da bege ga Aljeriya inda 'yan mata ke da"daidai da damar samun ilimi.Ta yi mafarkin samar da al'ummar gaba na utopian ga Aljeriya wanda ya hada da.
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Ta ci gaba da rubutu da fenti har zuwa rasuwarta a shekara ta 2001.
Labarai
gyara sashe- Le Soleil assassiné, L'Harmattan,Paris,2002. (wasiƙa)
- Au Carrefour des sadaukarwa, L'Harmattan,Paris,2000. ISBN 2738413005 (wasika)
- Quand les cartes sont truquées,L'Harmattan,Paris,2000. ISBN 2738478654 (abin tunawa)
- Leila:Les enfants du mendiant, L'Harmattan,Paris,1998. ISBN 2738468942 (wasa)
- Ainsi naquit un homme, L'Harmattan, Paris, 1993. ISBN 2738419240
- Sabrina, ils t'ont volé ta vie, L'Harmattan, Paris,1992.ISBN 2858027080 (labari)
- Sur le chemin de nos pas,L'Harmattan,Paris,1984. (waka
- L'âme de Sabrina,L'Harmattan,Paris,2001.(gajeren labari)