Myriam Ben
Myriam Ben (10 Oktoba 1928-2001) 'yar gwagwarmayar ce daga kasar Aljeriya, marubuciya, mawaƙiya, kuma mai zane.[1]
 Myriam Ben | |
|---|---|
| Rayuwa | |
| Haihuwa | Aljir, 10 Oktoba 1928 |
| ƙasa |
Aljeriya Faransa |
| Mutuwa | Vesoul, 19 Nuwamba, 2001 |
| Karatu | |
| Makaranta |
University of Paris (en)  |
| Harsuna | Faransanci |
| Sana'a | |
| Sana'a | marubuci da maiwaƙe |
| Sunan mahaifi | Myriam Ben |
Rayuwar farko
gyara sasheAn haifi Marylise Ben Haim a Algiers ranar 10 ga Oktoba,1928. Mahaifinta Moses Ben Haim ɗan asalin Yahudawan Berber ne kuma ɗan gurguzu ne wanda ya yi aiki a cikin sojojin Faransa a lokacin juyin juya halin Oktoba, kuma mahaifiyarta Sultana Stora, mawaƙiya ce Bayahudiya daga Andalusi. Ta girma a gidan da babu addini, ta tuna daga baya cewa sai da ta kai shekara bakwai kafin ta gane cewa iyayenta Yahudawa ne.[1] A cikin 1940, gwamnatin Vichy French ta soke Dokar Crémieux na ƙarni na 19, don haka an hana Yahudawa Aljeriya zama 'yan ƙasa kuma ya haifar da korar Ben daga makarantan sakandaren da ta ketana halartar aAlgiers.[1] Ta halarci makarantar Yahudawa na dan lokaci mai suna Ecole Maïmonide, amma ta karasa karatunta a gida saboda adawar mahaifinta ga akidar Yahudanci.[1] Ben ta rubuta a cikin tarihinta,Quand les cartes sont truquées, an kwatanta ta da "Juive-Indigène", wato "Bayahudiya 'yar kasa" akan katin shaidarta na lokacin yaƙi.[2]
Adalcin zamantakewa da na siyasa
gyara sasheKo da yake an maido da yarjejeniyar 'yan ƙasar Faransa ga Yahudawan Aljeriya a shekarar 1943, Ben tana aiki a matsayin "mai ba da gwagwarmaya don haƙƙin talakawa 'yan kasa". A 14,ta zama shugabar Matasan Kwaminisanci.[1] Ta kuma kasance mai aiki a Ƙungiyar Mata, kuma ta hanyar tallafin ƙungiyar ta zama malamar makaranta a garin Miliana.[1] Ita da 'yan uwanta malaman sun umurci daliban-akasarinsu Musulmai da matalauta-amma kuma sun yi ƙoƙari su ɗaga hankalinsu na siyasa da haɓaka fahimtar tarihin da ba a yi wa mulkin mallaka ba.[1]
A cikin shekarar 1946, Ben ta nuna sha'awar shiga Kungiyar Jiragen Sama na Algiers, amma mahaifinta ya ƙi hakan. Ana la'akari da ita a matsayin karama tunda tana kasa da shekaru 21, don haka sai da ta jira shekaru biyar kafin ta fara tashi. A cikin 1951, bayan awanni 15 na darasin jirgin, an ba ta lasisin tukin jirgi .Ana ganin ta a matsayin mace ta farko da ta fara samun lasisin tuka jirgi a Aljeriya. Don biyan kuɗin karatun ta na tuƙin jirgin sama, ta yi gwajin jiragen farko ga sabbin membobin ƙungiyar, kodayake wasu mutane sun nuna rashin gamsuwa cewa mace ce matuƙiyar jirgin. Hakan bai hana ta koyon yadda ake tuka jirgin sama a wajen babban matukin jirgi na Aero Club, wanda tsohon soja ne na Escadrille d'Etampes.
A shekara ta 1952, Ben ta sami aikinta na farko a matsayin malama a wata makaranta a ƙauyen Aboutville (yanzu ana kiranta Aïn El Hadjar, Bouïra). Kauye ne mara kyau kuma makarantar tana cikin mummunan yanayi amma tana da sha'awar rawar da ta taka. Sa’ad da iyaye suka ji kunyar tura ’ya’yansu makaranta don ba su da takalma, Ben takan je ta ɗauko su. Daga 1954, alkawurran siyasa na Marylise sun tilasta mata ta buya kuma ta daina tuka jirgi.
Ben ta goyi bayan Kungiyar Adawa da Mulkin Faransa ta Samar da 'Yancin kasa (FLN) tun daga farkon yakin Aljeriya na 'yancin kai, kuma ta kasance memba na Maquis Rouge, tana safaran kayan yaki. Gwamnatin Faransa ta mata tambari a matsayin mai laifi, kuma ta yanke mata hukuncin daurin shekaru 20 da aiki mai tsanani; amma duk da haka, ba a taɓa kama ta ba kuma bayan shekaru kadan, an yafe ta.[1] Lokacin da yaƙi ya ƙare a 1962, Ben ta zama memba na gwamnatin Aljeriya mai cin gashin kanta.[1]
Fasaha da adabi
gyara sasheA cikin shekarar 1967, Ben ta fara aikinta na fasaha a matsayin mawaƙiya, marubuciyar gajerun labari, marubuciya, kuma mai zane. Ta buga tarin wakoki da dama, tarin gajerun labarai (Ainsi naquit un homme,1982),da littafin nobel Sabrina (1986), aikinta mafi tsayi.[3] Sabrina, ta ba da labarin wasu musulmi guda biyu masu soyayya da suka taso a Faransa kuma suka fuskanci matsalolin daidaitawa da sabuwar gwamnatin Aljeriya. Marubucin Faransanci, mai fassara, kuma masani Albert Bensoussan yana tunanin Ben ta yi amfani da labarin Sabrina don nuna bambanci da ta fuskanta na al'adu a gwamnatin Aljeriya na yanzu, bayan hambare mulkin mallakan Faransa.[1]
Rubutun dirama na Ben, "Leïla,poème scénique en deux actes et un prologue," daga jerin rubuce-rubucen Ben mai suna Leïla:Les enfants du mendiant, ya sanya jarumar Leila, a matsayin mujahida. Caroline E.Kelley ta karanta wannan labarin a matsayin sake fassalin labarin Antigone.[4]
Har wayau kuma ana girmama Ben don zanukan ta.[5]
Ritaya zuwa Faransa
gyara sasheA cikin 1991,yayin da Aljeriya ta shiga lokacin yakin basasa,Ben ya koma Faransa.A cikin littafin novella na Ben,Nora,ta rubuta game da bege ga Aljeriya inda 'yan mata ke da"daidai da damar samun ilimi.Ta yi mafarkin samar da al'ummar gaba na utopian ga Aljeriya wanda ya hada da.
Ta ci gaba da rubutu da fenti har zuwa rasuwarta a shekara ta 2001.
Labarai
gyara sashe- Le Soleil assassiné, L'Harmattan,Paris,2002. (wasiƙa)
- Au Carrefour des sadaukarwa, L'Harmattan,Paris,2000. ISBN 2738413005 (wasika)
- Quand les cartes sont truquées,L'Harmattan,Paris,2000. ISBN 2738478654 (abin tunawa)
- Leila:Les enfants du mendiant, L'Harmattan,Paris,1998. ISBN 2738468942 (wasa)
- Ainsi naquit un homme, L'Harmattan, Paris, 1993. ISBN 2738419240
- Sabrina, ils t'ont volé ta vie, L'Harmattan, Paris,1992.ISBN 2858027080 (labari)
- Sur le chemin de nos pas,L'Harmattan,Paris,1984. (waka
- L'âme de Sabrina,L'Harmattan,Paris,2001.(gajeren labari)
Nassoshi
gyara sashe- ↑ 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.08 1.09 Hammerman, Jessica (2015). "Ben, Myriam". In Stillman, Norman A. (ed.). Encyclopedia of Jews in the Islamic World. Brill. Retrieved 2018-10-14.
- ↑ "Algerian Painters as Pioneers of Modernism" (PDF).
- ↑ Nasrin, Qader (2003). "Ben, Myriam". In Schirmer, Robert (ed.). Encyclopedia of African Literature. Routledge. p. 75. ISBN 9781134582235.
- ↑ Kelley, Caroline E. (2011). "Toward a Minor Theatre: Myriam Ben's Algerian Antigone". 452°F: Journal of Theory of Literature and Comparative Literature. 5: 74–98.
- ↑ Salami, Gitti; Blackmun Visona, Monica, eds. (2013). A Companion to Modern African Art. John Wiley & Sons. p. 262. ISBN 9781118515051.