Mutanen Bono
Bono, wanda kuma ake kira Brong da Abron, mutanen Akan ne na yammacin Afirka. Bonos yawanci ana yiwa alama Akan piesie ko Akandifo wanda Akan sunan asalinsa ne. Bono shine asali da shimfiɗar jariri na Akans.[1] Bono na ɗaya daga cikin ƙabilar Akan mafi girma kuma ƴan matan aure ne. Mutanen Bono suna magana da Bono Twi na yaren Akan. Harshen Twi, don haka yaren Bono ya samo asali ne daga Sarkin Bono Nana Twi.[2] A karshen karni na goma sha biyar, al'ummar Bono suka kafa masarautar Gyaaman a matsayin fadada jihar Bono a yanzu Ghana da Cote d'Ivoire.[3][4][5]
 | |
| Yankuna masu yawan jama'a | |
|---|---|
| Ghana da Ivory Coast | |
| Harsuna | |
Bono (en)  da Turanci | |
| Kabilu masu alaƙa | |
| Mutanen Akan |
|
Dan wasan Bono daga Ivory Coast | |
| Jimlar yawan jama'a | |
|---|---|
| ~2,800,000 | |
| Yankuna masu yawan jama'a | |
| Yankin Bono, Yankin Gabashin Bono, Yankin Ahafo, Gabashin Ivory Coast | |
| Harsuna | |
| Bono Twi, Ingilishi, Faransanci | |
| Addini | |
| Asase Ya, Kiristanci | |
| Kabilu masu alaƙa | |
| Mutanen Fante, Akwamu, Mutanen Akan |
A cikin karni na 12 lokacin da Bonos ya gano zinari a kogin Twi da Prabom a hayin kogin Tain, Bonos ya zama mai karfin gaske saboda arzikinsa na zinare a Bonoman. Bonos ya yi amfani da ƙurar zinari a matsayin ma'auni na kuɗi a Bonoman da kuma a kasuwanni daban-daban na Djenne, Timbuktu da Arewacin Afirka .A mafi yawan lokuta, an yi amfani da ma'auni na zinariya (abramboo) don sanin yawan adadin zinariya da ya kamata a canza don kaya. An lura da mutanen Bono da fasaha wajen yin simintin tagulla, saƙa na yadi (gagawuga, kyenkyen da kente), tukwane da sauransu. Kusan 1471, lokacin da Portuguese suka isa gabar tekun Gold, Begho na Bonoman na ɗaya daga cikin tsofaffin biranen Afirka ta Yamma mai yawan jama'a 12,000.
Bono Manso, wani birni mai tarihi, ya taka rawar gani sosai a cinikin bayi a tekun Atlantika, kuma a zamanin da, ƴan Afirka mazauna waje sukan ziyarci don ƙarin koyo game da tarihinsu. A al'adance, Bono ita ce cibiyar al'adun Akan, kuma yawancin al'adun Akan sun samo asali ne daga Bono, misali. dangi (abusua), ntoro, Akan ganguna (fontomfrom, atumpan), Akan nomenclature, laima da ake amfani da su don sarakuna, alamomin adinkra, whisk tashi, ƙaho na hauren giwa, kayan kai, takubban al'umma. Bonos yana yin raye-rayen gargajiya na Akan da yawa kamar Kete, Adowa, fontomfrom, da sauran raye-raye.[6][7][8]
Etymology gyara sashe
Bono yana nufin "majagaba" ko "ɗan fari a ƙasar". A zamanin da, a cikin Bonos idan mace ta haihu a karon farko ana kiranta abonowoo.[9]
Tarihi gyara sashe
Bonos yayi ƙaura daga tsohuwar Ghana. Sakamakon sanya su a wani aikin, sun gudu zuwa kudancin kogin Black Voltaire da gandun daji na tsakiyar Ghana don ci gaba da bautar Bono da ruhaniyarsu. Dangane da al'adar baka, wata damuwa ta Bonos ta fito daga wani rami da ake kira Amonwi kogon saboda girgizar kasa a Pinihini kusa da Fiema a jihar Nkoransa, kuma ya haɗu tare da tsohuwar rukunin a can. Tare da jagoran kasancewa Ohene Asaman tare da yin shawara tare da allahnsa (bosom buru / bosomuru) don jagora, allah ya shawarce shi ya gina birane ko jihohi. Don haka Allah ya samu sunansa na yabo na Biakuru, ma’ana “mai gina garuruwa”. Bonos ya ci gaba da gina wani gari mai suna Yefiri (a zahiri "muna fitowa daga cikin kogon"). Ohene Asaman na dangin falcon Ayoko da Bonohemaa Ameyaa Kesse sun gina wani gari a matsayin tsawo kuma suka sanya masa suna Bono Manso wanda ya zama babban birnin Bonoman tare da ƙungiyar dangi bakwai masu karfi. An sanya wa wasu ƙauyuka sunan abosom da suka mamaye ƙasar. Krontihene ya tsaya har yanzu a Yefiri. An ƙarfafa iyalan da suka zo tare su zauna ba tare da juna ba, a sassa daban-daban na yankin da aka samu.[10][11][12]
Al'adu da Al'umma gyara sashe
Manufar Bonos na Bonoman (Jihar Bono) gyara sashe
A al’adance, a da, ba za a iya kafa kasa ba tare da uwar sarauniya ba, duk da cewa an kafa jihohi da yawa ba tare da sarki ba. Kamar yadda magajin ya kasance (kuma har yanzu) a cikin layin mata kuma kamar yadda kawai kakanni na uwa suka kasance (kuma ana girmama su), yana da matukar muhimmanci cewa mace ta jinin sarauta ta haifi jihar. Shi ya sa uwar gimbi ta mallaki jaha, kamar yadda uwa take da yaro. A koyaushe ana kallon sarauniya a matsayin ɗiyar wata ta Bonos, wanda ke wakiltar halayen mata na Nyame, Mafi Girma wanda ya halicci sararin samaniya ta hanyar haihuwar rana (Amowia). Don haka ana ɗaukar rana a matsayin ɗan wata kuma ana siffanta ta da Sungod. Saboda haka ana wakilta sarauniya a matsayin babbar allahntakar Uwar-moon, sarki a matsayin Sungod, da kuma jihar a matsayin sararin samaniya. Azurfa tana wakiltar hasken wata a matsayin kalar uwar sarauniya, kamar yadda zinariya, kalar rana, ke wakiltar sarki. An gane daga wani kusurwa, jikunan sama bakwai Moon, Mars, Mercury, Jupitar, Venus da Saturn suna mulkin sama. Ƙabilu bakwai ko dangi na matrilineal suna wakiltar su a duniya kuma suna mulkin jihar.[4][13]
Manazarta gyara sashe
- ↑ Buah, F. K. (1998). "2". A History of Ghana (in Turanci). Macmillan. p. 9. ISBN 978-0-333-65934-2.
- ↑ The Akan of Ghana: Their Ancient Beliefs (in Turanci). Faber & Faber. 1958.
- ↑ A Profile of Bono Kyempem (Essays on the Archaeology, History, Language and Politics of the Brong Peoples of Ghana), Edited with Introduction by Kwame Arhin. Senior Research Fellow, Institute of African Studies, University of Ghana, Legon.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Effah-Gyamfi, E. "Aspects of the Archaeology and Oral Traditions of the Bono State. Transactions of the Historical Society of Ghana"(1974) 15(2):217-227.
- ↑ Muhammad, Akbar. The International Journal of African Historical Studies 10.2 (1977): 242-258
- ↑ Shillington, Kevin (2005). Encyclopedia of African History: A - G.. 1 (in Turanci). Taylor & Francis. ISBN 978-1-57958-245-6.
- ↑ The Akan of Ghana: Their Ancient Beliefs (in Turanci). Faber & Faber. 1958.
- ↑ Adandé, Alexis; Arinze, Emmanuel; Arinze, E. N. (2002). Museums & Urban Culture in West Africa (in Turanci). West African Museums Programme. ISBN 978-0-85255-275-9.
- ↑ Arhin, Kwame; Studies, University of Ghana Institute of African (1979). "3". A Profile of Brong Kyempim: Essays on the Archaeology, History, Language and Politics of the Brong Peoples of Ghana (in Turanci). Afram. p. 49.
- ↑ Warren, Dennis M. (1973). Disease, Medicine, and Religion Among the Techinan - Bono of Ghana: A Study in Culture Change (in Turanci). Indiana University.
- ↑ Brempong, Owusu (1978). Attacking Deviation from the Norm: Insults in Bono - Ghana (in Turanci). Indiana University.
- ↑ Westermann, Diedrich; Smith, Edwin William; Forde, Cyril Daryll (1963). Africa (in Turanci). Oxford University Press.
- ↑ Meyerowitz, Eva Lewin-Richter (1951). The sacred state of the Akan (in Turanci). Faber and Faber.