Kanta Kotal
Muhammad Kanta Kotal wanda aka fi sani da Kanta kotal, Jarumin Hausa ne kuma Janar na Soja wanda ya zama Sarkin Masarautar Kebbi na farko, a yanzu kebbi jiha ce a Arewacin Najeriya. Kanta shi ne babban mai kula da lardin Lekka (a yanzu wurin ake kira Kebbi), a ƙarƙashin daular Songhai.[1]
 Kanta Kotal | |
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| Sana'a |
A matsayinsa na Janar a Sojan Songhai, ana zarginsa da kasancewa jigo a yaƙin da ake zargin cewa daular ta mamaye Jihohin Hausa biyar ( Kano, Gobir, Katsina, Zazzau da Zamfara ) , da ma Agadez.[2] Kanta ya yi wa Askia mai girma tawaye bayan an samu saɓani a kan wata ganimar yaƙi tare da ayyana Kebbi a matsayin masarauta mai cin ƙashin kanta. Daga nan sai ya sake gyara birnin tare da ƙarfafa kariyarsa kuma ya sami damar daƙile hare-haren ramuwar gayya da daular Songhai ta yi da kuma cin galaba a kansu a faɗace-faɗace da dama.[3] Kanta Kotal zai ci gaba da cin galaba a kan wasu daga cikin tsoffin yankunanta da suka haɗa da wasu jahohin ƙasar Hausa da Agadez, tare da korar sojojin Songhai a waɗannan yankuna. Kotal kuma zai yi nasarar fatattakar daular Bornu da kuma hana Moroko daga isa ƙasar Hausa.[4]
Hazikin shugaba kuma jarumi marar tsoro, na ɗan wani lokaci, Kebbi ta zama ƙasa mafi karfi a ƙasar Hausa kuma ɗaya daga cikin manyan masarautu a yankin Sahel a farkon rabin ƙarni na 16. A lokacin da ta yi tsayin daka, Kebbi ta yi nasarar kokawa da wasu jihohi masu ƙarfi a nahiyar. Kanta Kotal na ɗaya daga cikin fitattun mutane a cikin gungun manyan shugabanni da suka taso a yankin Sahel tsakanin ƙarni na 14 zuwa 16.[5]
Rayuwar farko
gyara sasheAn haifi Muhammad ga gimbiya Tamatu ƴar Katsina. An ce mahaifinsa Mukata daga zuriyar Uthman Nann Ibn Mas'ud ne wanda aka ce shi ne shugaban wata ƙungiya mai kula da samar da ruwan sha a ɗakin Ka'aba. Kanta ya bar birnin Katsina ya zama makiyayi ga fula. Nan da nan ya tabbatar da kansa a matsayin babban jarumi. Ya kayar da duk wani abokin hamayyar da ya yi dambe ko ya yi kokawa da shi, inda ya samu inkiyar ko laƙabin "Kotal", wanda ke nufin "Bai da abokin karawa-(bai da tsara a wurin karawa)".[6]
Aikin soja
gyara sasheA ƙarshen ƙarni na 15, Kotal ya shiga sojan daular Songhai inda aka naɗa shi shugaban yaƙi mai kula da yankin Kebbi. An ce Kanta ya taimaka wa daular a yakin da ta yi da ƙasar Hausa. Daga nan sai ya shiga rundunar sarki a kan nasarar da suka yi a Agadez. Har ila yau, ta yiwu balaguron da aka yi wa ƙasar Hausa shi kaɗai ne ya yi shi a wani lokaci.[7]
Rigima da Tawaye Akan Askia
gyara sasheBayan balaguro a Agadez, Kotal ya damu da cewa Sarkin bai yi niyyar raba ganima ba. A lokacin da ya bayyana damuwarsa ga Dendi Fari (Gwamnan Gabas) ya ƙi yarda da cewa Yarima zai ɗauke shi a matsayin ɗan tawaye idan ya yi haka. Wasu daga cikin mutanen Kotal ne suka zo masa da irin wannan abin da suka yi na ganimar, ya bayyana musu abin da ya faru tsakaninsa da Dendi Fari, to amma ya tabbatar musu da cewa idan za su goya masa baya zai yi da’awar kasonsu na ganimar idan sun amince. Ya koma Dendi-Fari, amma an sake hana shi, sai aka gwabza yaki tsakanin mutanensa da sojojin daular. Sojojin Kanta sun yi nasarar kakkabe nasu da sojojin sarakunan suka yi ta gwabzawa da su, inda ya wargaza kawancensa da Askiya, ya dawo ya naɗa kansa a matsayin Sarki.[3]
Sarkin Kebbi
gyara sasheMuhammad Kanta Kotal ya ayyana Kebbi a matsayin masarauta kuma shi ne Sarkinta na farko. Ya gina tudu da ramuka don tabbatar da tsaro a Kebbi. Wasu daga cikin waɗannan gine-gine har yanzu suna nan a tsaye musamman a babban birnin Surame. Daga nan sai ya yi da'awar tsohon yankin Songhai da suka haɗa da Agadez da wasu sassan yankuna a ƙasar Hausa ciki har da Yauri.[8]
Yaƙe-yaƙe da Daular Songhai
gyara sasheKanta ya yi wa Askia Muhammed kwanton ɓauna a rangadin larduna da ya saba yi duk shekara tare da tilasta masa guduwa. Kebbi ta sami cikakken ƴancin kai shekara guda bayan da ta fatattaki sojojin Songhai a yankin Tara, a shekarar 1517. Masarautar Songhai sun yi yunƙurin kwato Kebbi amma yunkurinsu haƙa bata cimma ruwa ba'-(yunkurin ya ci tura ko basu yi nasara ba).[3] Musamman ma dai sun yi wani kukan kura don murƙushe Kebbi a yankin Watarmasa, ƙarƙashin jagorancin Askia Mohammad Benkan inda suka sha da ƙyar, kuma aka tilasta musu guduwa daga Kebbi a gagarumar fafatawar, shi kansa jagoran yaƙin, Askia da kyar ya tsira da ransa. Wannan mummunan shan kashi ya taimaka wajen faɗuwar daular Songhai. Ba da daɗewa ba Moroccans-(Yan Maroko) suka mamaye daular kuma ba su yi daidai da ci gaban musket ɗinsu da igwa ba.[9]
Balaguro a Bornu da sauran Yaƙe-yaƙe
gyara sasheAn ce Kanta Kotal ya ci wasu jihohin yankin da suka haɗa da Nupe da Zabarma kuma tasirin sarkin ya kai har zuwa kudu.[10] A shekarar 1545, Kebbi ta samu galaba (akan wani mai Mai suna)- Mai ' na Sojojin Bornu. Bornu ƙarƙashin, Mai Muhammad Ibn Idrissi sun taimaka wa Agadez bayan sun rattaba hannu kan yarjejeniyoyin zaman lafiya amma sai aka tilasta musu gudu zuwa Unguru inda su kai rashin nasara har sau bakwai a yaƙe-yaƙen da su kayi da Kebbi.[7]
Yaƙar Moors-(ƴan moroko)
gyara sasheƳan Maroko sun yi yunƙurin mamaye ƙasar Hausa ta yamma, amman Kebbi ta ci su da yaƙi.[11]
Rayuwa ta sirri
gyara sasheDuk da yake Kotal Kanta na da ƙwar-ƙwar da yawa, amman ance yana da mata ɗaya da aka ce mummuna ce.
Mutuwa
gyara sasheMuhammad Kanta Kotal ya rasu ne sakamakon kibiya mai guba bayan da wasu ƴan daba su ka kai masa hari a Dugul Katsina a kan hanyarsa ta dawowa daga balaguro a Bornu. Ya rasu a Jirwa, Katsina amma an kai shi gida aka binne shi a Surame. Ɗan sa Muhammadu, ne ya gaje shi. Sai dai Kebbi za ta ci gaba da mamaye yankunan Gobir, Zamfara da Agadez har zuwa ƙarni na 18 lokacin da kawance tsakanin Jihohin ya karya ikon Kebbi a kansu.[1]
Manazarta
gyara sashe- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Lipschutz, Mark R.; Rasmussen, R. Kent (1989). Dictionary of African Historical Biography (in Turanci). University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-06611-3.
- ↑ Parris, Ronald G. (1995-12-15). Hausa: (Niger, Nigeria) (in Turanci). The Rosen Publishing Group, Inc. ISBN 978-0-8239-1983-3.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 "Tarikh es-Soudan par Abderrahman ben Abdallah ben 'Imran ben 'Amir es-Sa'di. Traduit de l'arabe par O. Houdas : Sad, Abd al-Ramn ibn Abd Allh, 1596-1656? : Free Download, Borrow, and Streaming". Internet Archive (in Turanci). Retrieved 2020-07-28.
- ↑ Shaw, Flora (December 2010). "A Tropical Dependency: An Outline of the Ancient History of the Western Soudan with an Account of the Modern Settlement of Northern Nigeria". Cambridge Core (in Turanci). Retrieved 2020-07-28.
- ↑ Lipschutz, Mark R.; Rasmussen, R. Kent (1989). Dictionary of African Historical Biography (in Turanci). University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-06611-3.
- ↑ "History". argunguemirate.com. Retrieved 2020-03-12.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 Stilwell, Sean (July 2001). "KANO POLITICS OVER THE LONG TERM Government in Kano, 1350–1950. By M. G. SMITH. Boulder: Westview Press, 1997. Pp. xxiii+594. $85 (ISBN 0-8133-3270-2)". The Journal of African History (in Turanci). 42 (2): 307–352. doi:10.1017/S0021853701267899. ISSN 1469-5138. S2CID 154348659.
- ↑ Kukuru, Jolly D. (1996). A Handbook of Social Studies: Discourses on Man's Origin & Nigeria as a Nation (in Turanci). Ade Azeez Publishing Company.
- ↑ "Muhammadu Kanta – Sudanica" (in Turanci). Archived from the original on 2020-03-04. Retrieved 2020-03-12.
- ↑ "History". argunguemirate.com. Retrieved 2020-07-28.
- ↑ Shaw, Flora (2010). A Tropical Dependency: An Outline of the Ancient History of the Western Soudan with an Account of the Modern Settlement of Northern Nigeria. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/cbo9780511791819. ISBN 978-0-511-79181-9.[permanent dead link]