Jamil Sahid Mohamed Khalil
Jamil Sahid Mohamed Khalil,(An haife shi a shekarar 1936 - ya rasu a shekarar 2000) ɗan kasuwa ne ɗan Saliyo da Lebanon, ɗan kasuwan lu'u-lu'u da kayayyaki. Ya yi kuma fice a masana'antar lu'u-lu'u a fadin Afirka da Antwerp kuma ya zama mai tasiri a siyasar Saliyo ta hanyar .kusancinsa da Shugaba Siaka Stevens.[1] [2] Jamil kuma ya zo ya mamaye sauran sassan kasuwanci da suka hada da kamun kifi, gine-ginen yawon bude ido da sufurin jiragen sama. [2]
 Jamil Sahid Mohamed Khalil | |
|---|---|
| Rayuwa | |
| Haihuwa | 1936 (87/88 shekaru) |
| ƙasa | Saliyo |
| Karatu | |
| Harsuna | Turanci |
| Sana'a | |
| Sana'a | ɗan kasuwa |
A shekara ta 1987, shi da wasu fitattun 'yan siyasa, ciki har da mataimakin shugaban kasa Francis Minah, an kama su, an same su da laifi kuma an yanke musu hukuncin kisa a cikin yunkurin kisa da bai yi nasara ba kan Shugaba Joseph Momoh. Jamil ya tsere kuma an kore shi daga Saliyo. [2]
Ya koma Freetown kafin ya sake barin ta a shekarar 1999, RUF mamayewa.
Ƙuruciya.
gyara sasheAn haifi Jamil a Freetown a shekara ta 1936 mahaifiyarsa 'yar Saliyo ce mahaifinsa kuma ɗan Lebanon.
Sana'a.
gyara sasheJamil Sahid Mohamed Khalil ya gina dimbin arzikinsa ta hanyar fitar da lu'u-lu'u zuwa Antwerp a shekarun saba'in da tamanin. [3] Za a iya cewa shi ne dan kasuwan Lebanon mafi nasara a yammacin Afirka. [4] A sakamakon ayyukansa, an dauke shi daya daga cikin mafi arziki kuma mafi iko a Afirka tare da shugaban kasar Siaka Stevens.
Ƙungiya tare da Siaka Stevens.
gyara sasheJamil ya sami ruhun dangi a cikin Shugaba Siaka Stevens wanda yake da sha'awar yin amfani da albarkatun zinare da lu'u-lu'u na Saliyo don amfanin kansa. A zamanin Saliyo bayan mulkin mallaka, haɗin gwiwar Siaka Stevens da Jamil Sahid Mohamed Khalil zai yi tasiri sosai kan manufofin gwamnati. Dukansu biyu za su, na ɗan lokaci, su ƙidaya kansu a cikin manyan attajiran Afirka. [5]
Hadin gwiwar Stevens da Jamil abu ne mai dacewa. Stevens ya sami dama amma a matsayinsa na shugaban ƙasa an hana shi shiga kasuwanci.
Jamil ya zama mai cin gajiyar kleptocracy da Shugaba Siaka Stevens ya kafa. [4] Gudanar da harkokin kudi na shugaban kasa ya sa ya zama mutum na biyu mafi karfin iko a Saliyo. [4] Tare suka jefa tattalin arzikin al'ummar kasa mai tasowa cikin rudanin tattalin arziki. Jamil ya ƙarfafa Stevens ya haɗa kansa da al'ummar 'yan kasuwa na Lebanon waɗanda ke sarrafa wani yanki na cinikin lu'u-lu'u na hukuma kuma suna gudanar da yawancin cinikin lu'u-lu'u da ba na hukuma ba. [4] Stevens ya goyi bayan safarar lu'u-lu'u ba bisa ka'ida ba, ta yadda a ranar 3 ga Nuwamba 1969, darajar dala miliyan 3.4 da gwamnatin Saliyo ke samar da lu'u-lu'u a kowane wata ya ɓace, bisa ga umarnin Stevens da Jamil. [6]
Shugaban ya bai wa Kamfanin Kasuwancin Jamil na kasa ikon shigo da kayayyaki sama da tamanin da bakwai. [4] ya kau da kai yayin da Jamil ya zama na gaba-gaba wajen safarar kayan masarufi da ma’adanai na kasar nan, inda ya tara sama da dala miliyan 300. An yi wa Jamil baftisma da "Diamond King". [5]
A shekara ta 1971, shugaban ya kawo karshen mulkin mallaka na De Beers [7] bisa bukatar Jamil, wanda ya riga ya sami nasarar samun kashi 12% na rangwamen. A shekara ta 1984, Jamil ya sayi ragowar hannun jari daga De Beers. Wannan shi ne karon farko da De Beers ya taba yin rashin nasara a Afirka.
Tommy Taylor-Morgan, Ministan Kudi, ya yi gargadin cewa Saliyo na yin asarar sama da dalar Amurka miliyan 160 na kudaden shigar lu'u-lu'u a duk shekara saboda safarar lu'u-lu'u. [6] Cin hanci da rashawa da fasa kwauri sun kai matsayin da samar da lu'u-lu'u a hukumance ya ragu sosai.
A shekara ta 1985, kudin kasar, Leone ya ragu da kusan kashi 60, cikin 100, kuma kudin waje ya yi karanci. Tsakanin shekarun 1968, zuwa 1985, Stevens da Jamil sun yi nasarar kashe kudaden Saliyo har sai da suka mayar da daya daga cikin manyan masu samar da lu'u-lu'u da zinare a matsayin kasa mafi talauci a duniya. [4]
A cikin bayanin Jamil, C. Magbaily Fyle a cikin littafinsa "Historical Dictionary of Sierra Leone," ya rubuta cewa "A karshen shekarun 1970, Jamil ya kasance yana rinjayar gwamnati da nadin ministoci, kuma yana jin tsoro, tsoro ko sha'awar, ya danganta da haka. hasashe na mai kallo."
A shekara ta 1978, Kamfanin gine-gine na kasa da kasa, wani kamfani na gine-gine mallakin Jamil ya ba da kwangilar gina gidan shugaban kasa ta Shugaba Stevens[8] Wanda yake a saman tsaunin Juba a Freetown kuma ya yi sama da kadada 25, ginin Kabasa Lodge ya dauki watanni biyu kafin a fara ginin. cikakke. [9] An gamada lokacin taron OAU na shekarar 1980. [9]
A cikin watan Disamba 1987, Stevens yana London yana murmurewa daga bugun jini. Daga baya ya samu labarin cewa Jamil bai ajiye bangarensa na cinikin ba a tsawon shekarun da suka yi. A gaskiya gidan da Stevens yake zaune, a yammacin London ya kamata Jamil Said ne ya siya masa. Sai ya zama ba haka lamarin yake ba. An ruwaito cewa ya gaya wa Stevens, bai sanya sunansa [Stevens] a gidan don kare shi ba. Stevens ya tunatar da shi cewa shekaru biyu kenan bayan ya yi murabus daga mukaminsa. An ruwaito Stevens ya ba da labarin jikansa da ke zaune tare da shi a gidan kamar haka: "Wannan mutumin ya yi amfani da ni". "Allah ya biya shi"
Haɗin Ƙungiyar 'Yancin Falasdinu.
gyara sasheTasirin Jamil ya yi girma har ya yi nasarar shawo kan wanda aka zaba na hannun Stevens, Shugaba Joseph Saidu Momoh, ya gayyaci Yasir Arafat don ziyarar aiki, bisa ga umurnin abokinsa, Sarki Hussein na Jordan. Makasudin ziyarar Arafat dai ita ce kulla yarjejeniya da Momoh kan gudanar da wani sansanin horar da sojojin Falasdinawa a daya daga cikin tsibiran da ke gabar tekun Saliyo. Arafat ya bai wa Momoh dala miliyan 8 amma a karshe Momoh ya ja baya da matsin lambar kasashen yamma kuma a hukumance ya ce a’a. [4] A maimakon haka, ya ba Jamil damar ci gaba da kiyaye abin da ake kira 500, mai karfi "dakaru na sirri" wanda ya hada da Falasdinawan gudun hijira. . . [4]
Gudun hijira ta biyu.
gyara sasheJamil ya tsere daga Saliyo a lokacin da 'yan tawayen RUF suka mamaye Freetown a shekarar 1999. Daya daga cikin ‘ya’yan nasa ya mutu ne sakamakon ta’asar da ‘yan tawayen suka yi, inda aka harbe Jamil a gaban sa, lokacin da ‘yan tawayen suka kai hari a gidansa da ke Freetown. An ce dan ya kai wa mahaifinsa harsashin. Tsohon abokinsa, Kakakin Majalisar Labanon, Nabih Berri ya shirya shi ya tsere zuwa Lebanon a kan fasfo na diflomasiyya. Majalisar dokokin Lebanon. [4]
Jamil ya rasu ne sakamakon bugun jini a kasar Lebanon.[ana buƙatar hujja]
Duba kuma.
gyara sashe- Diamonds na jini
- Joseph Saidu Momoh
- Juyin Juya Hali
- Siaka Stevens
- Saliyo
- Antwerp
Manazarta.
gyara sashe- ↑ Fyle, Magbaily C. (27 March 2006). Historical Dictionary of Sierra Leone . Scarecrow Press. p. 132 . Retrieved 9 July 2018. "francis%20minah %20sierra%20leone."
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs namedC.Fyle - ↑ All Africa – subscription required
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.8 Strategic Interests by J. Peter Pham, PhD, World Defense Review, 10 August 2006
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 [http://www.newint.org/issue152/profile.htm A Tale of Two Villages: Of health and drugs, water and life Archived 8 December 2008 at the Wayback Machine ,] Error in Webarchive template: Empty url., by Jonathan Blundell, New Internationalist No.152, October 1985;.;
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 Mineral Resources, Their Use and Their Impact on the Conflict and the Country, The New Citizen, 16 March 2007
- ↑ [http://www.cryfreetown.org/pre90s.html Cry Freetown – History of Sierra Leone before 1990 by Sorious Samura Archived 16 February 2008 at the Wayback Machine] Error in Webarchive template: Empty url.
- ↑ Remoe, Vickie. "Sierra Leone: The past and present state of Kabassa Lodge (Photos)" . www.switsalone.com . SwitSalone. Retrieved 9 July 2018.
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs namedKabassa
Kara karantawa
gyara sashe- Child Soldiers, Adult Interests: The Global Dimensions of the Sierra Leonean Tragedy by J. Peter Pham, Ph.D.
- Blood from Stones: The Secret Financial Network of Terror by Douglas Farah
- "Freetown Journal; 'Little Beiruts' Multiplying in Africa". New York Times . 24 October 1987.