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Dokar kare muhalli da dokokin kare halittu

Dokar kare Muhalli da Dokokin Kare Halittu 1999 (Dokar EPBC), doguwar taken Dokar da ke da alaƙa da kariyar muhalli da kiyaye rayayyun halittu, da dalilai masu alaƙa, Dokar Majalisar Dokokin Ostiraliya ce da ke ba da tsari don kariyar yanayin Ostiraliya, gami da bambancin halittunsa da muhimman wurare na halitta da na al'ada. An kafa shi a ranar 17 ga Yuli shekarata 2000, ya kafa matakai daban-daban don taimakawa karewa da inganta farfadowar jinsunan da ke barazana da al'ummomin muhalli, da kiyaye manyan wurare daga raguwa. Dokar EPBC ta kasance as of June 2020 Ma'aikatar Aikin Gona, Ruwa da Muhalli ke gudanarwa. Lissafin nau'ikan nau'ikan da aka yi barazanar an zana su a ƙarƙashin Dokar, kuma waɗannan jerin sunayen, na farko game da nau'in barazana a Ostiraliya, suna samuwa a kan layi ta hanyar Bayanan Bayanan Bayani da Barazana ( SPRAT ).

Dokar kare muhalli da dokokin kare halittu
Act of the Parliament of Australia (en) Fassara
Bayanai
Farawa 1999
Laƙabi Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999
Ƙasa Asturaliya
Applies to jurisdiction (en) Fassara Asturaliya
Kwanan wata 1999
Full work available at URL (en) Fassara legislation.gov.au…
Kiyaye ta Department of the Environment and Energy (en) Fassara

A matsayinta na Dokar Majalisar Australiya, ta dogara da ingancinta na tsarin mulki bisa ikon ikon majalisar da Kundin Tsarin Mulkin Ostiraliya ya bayar, kuma manyan tanade-tanaden dokar sun fi dogara ne akan wasu yarjejeniyoyin ƙasa da ƙasa, ko ƙungiyoyin jama'a ko na ƙasashen biyu.

Yawan bita-da-kulli, bincike da tantancewa na Dokar sun gano cewa dokar tana da kurakurai sosai don haka ba ta samar da isasshen kariya ga muhalli ba. As of September 2020 , Dokar tana yin bitar doka mai zaman kanta karkashin jagorancin Farfesa Graeme Samuel AC . Kuma Bayan fitar da rahoton wucin gadi a watan Yuli, Ministar Muhalli Sussan Ley ta gabatar da kudurin dokar gyara EPBC a majalisar a ranar 27 ga Agusta shekarata 2020.

Tarihi gyara sashe

Dokar Kare Muhalli da Tsarin Halitta na shekarata 1999 (dogon lakabi Dokar da ta shafi kare muhalli da kiyaye nau'ikan halittu, da dalilai masu alaƙa ), wanda kuma aka sani da Dokar EPBC, ta maye gurbin dokar kiyaye gandun daji ta ƙasa da namun daji. Shekarar 1975, bayan an soke wannan doka ta Dokar Gyaran Muhalli (Sharuɗɗa masu tasiri) a shekarata 1999 . Dokar sake fasalin muhalli ta kuma soke wasu ayyuka hudu: Dokar Kare Muhalli (Tasirin Shawarwari) Dokar a shekarata 1974 ; Dokar Kare Irin Haɗari a shekarata 1992 ; Dokar Kare Kayayyakin Tarihi ta Duniya 1983 ; da Dokar Kariyar Whale 1980 . Wannan Dokar kuma ta yi canje-canje masu mahimmanci ga wasu dokoki, da shirye-shiryen gudanarwa daban-daban, wanda sabon tsarin da Dokar EPBC ta gabatar.

Dokar EPBC ta sami izinin sarauta a ranar 16 ga Yuli 1999 kuma ta fara ranar 16 ga Yuli shekarata 2000.

Dokokin Kare Muhalli da Ka'idodin Kare Halittu na 2000 kuma sun fara a ranar 16 ga Yuli shekarar 2000, (tare da gyare-gyare 21 har zuwa na ƙarshe akan 17 Disamba na shekarata 2018 ). Manufar ƙa'idodin shine don ba da tasiri ga tanadin Dokar EPBC .

Dokar EPBC ta yi gyare-gyare da yawa a tsawon rayuwarta. Manyan gyare-gyare sun haɗa da:

  • An kafa jerin abubuwan tarihi na ƙasa ta hanyar gyara a cikin Satumba shekarar 2003.
  • gyare-gyaren da aka yi a watan Fabrairun 2007 da nufin tabbatar da Dokar "mafi inganci da inganci ta hanyar amfani da, a wani bangare, dabarun dabarun magance matsalolin muhalli, rage lokaci da farashin sarrafawa, da kuma samar da karfi na tilastawa".
  • Gaggarumin gyare-gyare ga dokar EPBC ya zama doka a ranar 22 ga Yuni shekarata 2013, wanda aka fi sani da "Water trigger", wanda ya sanya albarkatun ruwa wani lamari mai mahimmancin muhalli na kasa, dangane da iskar gas din kwal da manyan ci gaban hakar kwal . [1]

"Kantin tasha daya" gyara sashe

A ranar 16 ga Oktoba, shekarata 2013 Ministan Muhalli ya sanar da cewa gwamnati ta amince da wani tsari na "shago daya tilo" tsarin amincewa da muhalli don ba da izinin tsarin tsare-tsare na jihohi a karkashin dokar muhalli ta kasa, "don samar da tsarin tantance muhalli guda daya da kuma amincewa ga al'amuran da ke kare kasa. ". A ranar 16 ga Yuni shekarata 2014 gyare-gyaren da aka tsara sun wuce Majalisar Wakilai, duk da adawa daga masu fafutukar kare muhalli da manyan masu sharhi kan shari'a wadanda suka soki Dokar kuma sun nuna damuwa game da tawagar ikon amincewa da muhalli na Commonwealth. Nau'o'i daban-daban na yarjejeniyoyin haɗin gwiwa guda biyu ("ƙima" da "yarda") tare da kowace jiha da ƙasa da aka tanadar don aiwatar da amincewa, dangane da buƙatu daban-daban, don haifar da ko dai yanke shawarar amincewa biyu da sharuɗɗa biyu, ko yanke shawara ɗaya kawai, wanda ya haɗa da sharuɗɗa (idan ya dace), yin. [2]

Bayani gyara sashe

Dokar EPBC ta kafa amfani da Dokokin Kare Muhalli da Dokokin Kare Halittu, waɗanda suka ba da izinin ba da izini da izini don ayyuka da yawa kan ƙasa da ƙasar Commonwealth da ke shafar Commonwealth. Misali, Kuma ana yin kayyade da zabar furannin daji na kasuwanci a ƙarƙashin Dokar EPBC, kuma ba za a iya aiwatar da shi ba tare da izini da ya dace ba. Rashin bin dokar zai iya haifar da hukunce-hukuncen da suka haɗa da gyara lalacewa, umarnin kotu, da laifuka da hukunce-hukuncen farar hula.

Dokar EPBC ta kasance As of June 2020 Ma'aikatar Aikin Gona, Ruwa da Muhalli ke gudanarwa.

Batutuwan Muhimman Muhalli na Kasa gyara sashe

As of 2020, the Act identifies nine Matters of National Environmental Significance (MNES):

  • Abubuwan Al'adun Duniya
  • Wuraren gado na ƙasa gami da wuraren tarihi masu mahimmanci na ketare
  • Tsirrai masu mahimmanci na duniya ( Ramsar wetlands)
  • Nau'in da ke fuskantar barazanar ƙasa da al'ummomin muhalli
  • nau'in ƙaura
  • Yankunan ruwan Commonwealth
  • Babban Barrier Reef Marine Park
  • Ayyukan nukiliya (ciki har da hakar uranium da gina ma'ajin sharar nukiliya )
  • Albarkatun ruwa, dangane da haɓakar iskar gas ɗin kwal da manyan haƙar ma'adinai .

Dole ne a sake duba jerin duk bayan shekaru biyar, kuma gwamnati na iya ƙara sabbin al'amura a cikin wannan jerin ta ƙa'ida. Sannan "Idan matakin da aka tsara zai iya yin tasiri sosai a kowane fanni, yana iya buƙatar amincewar Commonwealth kafin a fara. Ba bisa ka'ida ba ne a dauki irin wannan matakin ba tare da amincewar Commonwealth ba." Batutuwan Muhimman Muhalli na Ƙasa: Muhimman ƙa'idodin tasiri 1.1 "ba da cikakken jagora game da tantance ko wani mataki na iya yin tasiri sosai a kan al'amarin da aka kiyaye a ƙarƙashin dokar muhalli ta ƙasa".

Nau'in barazanar gyara sashe

Jerin nau'ikan da aka yi barazanar, kamar dabbobin da aka yi barazanar, an zana su a ƙarƙashin Dokar kuma waɗannan jerin sunayen sune farkon magana game da nau'in barazanar a ƙasar Ostiraliya kuma ana samun su akan layi ta hanyar Bayanan Bayanin Species and Threats Database (SPRAT).

Yarjejeniyoyi gyara sashe

A matsayin Dokar Majalisar Dokokin Ostiraliya, ta dogara da ingancinta na Kundin Tsarin Mulki akan ikon ikon majalisar da Kundin Tsarin Mulkin Ostiraliya ya bayar, Kuma wanda baya nuni ga muhalli. Don haka, mahimman tanadi na Dokar EPBC sun dogara ne akan yawancin yarjejeniyoyin da suka haɗa da:

  • Yarjejeniyar Ramsar - Yarjejeniyar Kan Dausayi na Muhimmancin Ƙasashen Duniya musamman a matsayin mazaunin ruwa na Waterfowl, 2 Fabrairu shekarata 1971
  • Yarjejeniyar Kayayyakin Tarihi ta Duniya - Yarjejeniyar Kare Al'adu da Halitta ta Duniya, 23 Nuwamba shekarata 1972
  • Yarjejeniya kan Ciniki na Ƙasashen Duniya a cikin Nau'o'in Dabbobin daji da Flora ( CITES ) - Washington DC, 3 Maris 1973 (an tilasta 1 Yuli 1975)
  • Yarjejeniya kan Kiyaye nau'ikan ƙaura na Dabbobin daji (Taron Bonn), 23 Yuni shekarata 1979
  • Yarjejeniya kan Bambancin Halittu – Rio de Janeiro, 5 ga Yuni 1992

Yarjejeniya ta biyu dangane da kiyaye tsuntsayen da ke ƙaura sun haɗa da:

  • Yarjejeniyar Tsakanin Gwamnatin Japan da Gwamnatin Ostiraliya don Kare Tsuntsaye masu Hijira da Tsuntsaye cikin Haɗarin Kashewa da Muhallinsu ( JAMBA ), shekarar 1974
  • Yarjejeniyar tsakanin gwamnatin Ostiraliya da gwamnatin Jamhuriyar Jama'ar Sin don kare tsuntsaye masu hijira da muhallinsu ( CAMBA ), shekarar 1986
  • Yarjejeniyar tsakanin Gwamnatin Ostiraliya da Gwamnatin Koriya ta Koriya kan Kariyar Tsuntsaye masu Hijira ( ROKAMBA ), shekarar 2006.

Mahimman gyare-gyare gyara sashe

Canjin Kare Muhalli da Tsarin Halittu (Kwamitin Masana Kimiyya mai zaman kansa akan Gas Gas da Manyan Haƙar Ma'adinai) Dokar a shekarata 2012, wacce aka sanya hannu a cikin Oktoba shekarata 2012, ta gyara dokar don buƙatar cewa "Dole ne Ministan ya sami shawara daga Kwamitin Kimiyya mai zaman kansa akan Coal. Seam Gas da Babban Ci gaban Ma'adinan Coal".

The "water trigger" gyara sashe

Mahimman tasiri akan kima na MNES a ƙarƙashin Dokar EPBC . An ƙara sabon ƙaddamar da ƙima ga Dokar EPBC a tsakiyar shekarar 2013, ta hanyar Kariyar Muhalli da Dokar Kare Halitta ta shekarata 2013 . Gyaran yana da alaƙa da tasiri mai mahimmanci akan albarkatun ruwa, misali inda ayyuka ta hanyar haɓakar haƙar ma'adinan kwal, musamman iskar gas na iya yin illa ga ruwan ƙasa a yankin. Tony Windsor ne ya gabatar da gyaran, sannan dan majalisar mai zaman kansa. Wannan ya zama sananne da "water trigger".

As of March 2020, the Australian Conservation Foundation is taking the Morrison government to court for failing to apply the water trigger when it assessed Adani's North Galilee Water Scheme, part of its essential infrastructure for the proposed Carmichael coal mine.

Kudirin Gyaran EPBC na 2020 gyara sashe

A ranar 27 ga Agusta, shekarata 2020, Ministar Muhalli, Sussan Ley, ta gabatar da Dokar Kare Muhalli da Amincewa da Halittu (Yawaita Amincewa da Muhalli) Bill a shekarata 2020 (Cth) (Kudirin Gyaran EPBC), wanda galibi yana nuna garambawul ga yarjejeniyar amincewa da juna. tanadin da aka fara gabatarwa a cikin shekarar 2014. Canje-canjen da aka gabatar za su sauƙaƙa kafa yarjejeniyoyin amincewa tsakanin gwamnatocin tarayya da na jahohi, da kuma ƙara yin wahalar ƙalubalantar tsarin raba mulki a ƙarƙashin doka (ta hanyar fayyace cewa ba za a iya mayar da wani mataki a ƙarƙashin Sashe na 7 na Dokar EPBC ba idan ya kasance. Yarjejeniyar amincewa da juna ta rufe. Sauran canje-canjen sun haɗa da ƙyale ƙananan canje-canje ga tsarin tantance jihohi da yanki ba tare da yin tasiri ga yarjejeniyar tsakanin bangarorin biyu ba, kuma za a cire haramcin da ya shafi abubuwan da suka shafi "ruwan ruwa", ta yadda jihohi za su iya yanke shawarar kansu yayin tantance aikace-aikacen ta hanyar manyan kwal. ayyukan ma'adinai da kwal din gas wanda zai iya tasiri ga albarkatun ruwa. Canje-canjen da ake samarwa ba su haɗa da ƙa'idodin ƙasa waɗanda aka yi alkawarinsu ba.

Bita, dubawa & kimantawa gyara sashe

Yawancin nazari, bincike, bita da kuma tambayoyin majalisa sun yi nazarin bangarori daban-daban na dokar a tsawon shekaru. Sashe na 522A na Dokar EPBC yana buƙatar gudanar da bita mai zaman kanta a kowace shekara 10, don bincika aikinta da kuma iyakar abin da aka sadu da shi.

Wani bincike na shekarar 2005 ya duba musamman ga farfadowar jinsunan da ke barazana.

A cikin shekarata 2006 Chris McGrath yayi nazarin ingancin tsarin mulki na Dokar EPBC da tasirinta wajen daidaita rashin bin doka bayan wallafe-wallafen kwanan nan guda biyu sun yi kira ga manyan canje-canje, inda ya kammala cewa yana da inganci bisa tsarin mulki kuma yana ba da muhimmiyar gudummawa ga Ostiraliya. dokar muhalli, da ribar da ta samu ya kamata a ci gaba da kasancewa idan da kuma lokacin da aka yi wasu gyare-gyare.

2007 dubawa gyara sashe

Ofishin Bincike na Ƙasar Australiya (ANAO) ne ya buga bitar dokar da ayyukan da aka yi a ƙarƙashin Dokar a cikin Maris Na shekarar 2007, mai taken "Kiyaye da Kariya na Barazana na Ƙasa da Ƙungiyoyin Muhalli". Binciken ya caccaki Sashen Muhalli da Ruwan Ruwa bisa rashin aiki da hukumar EPBC; Abubuwan da aka gano na binciken sun haɗa da:

  • cewa Sashen ya kasa kiyaye jerin nau'ikan da aka yi barazanar cikawa har zuwa yau kuma ya kasa shirya shirye-shiryen farfadowa;
  • cewa har yanzu akwai sabani tsakanin gwamnatin tarayya da na jihohi da na yankuna na barazanar jinsuna;
  • cewa saboda wani ɓangare ko na bayanan da ba daidai ba akwai haɗarin cewa za a iya yanke shawarar da ba daidai ba game da kiyayewa; kuma
  • cewa an hana ma’aikatar kudaden da suka dace don biyan bukatunsu a karkashin dokar da Gwamnati ta yi har sau hudu.

Shugaban kungiyar Greens ta Australiya Bob Brown ya ce binciken ya nuna cewa gwamnati ba ta samar da isassun kudade don kare yadda ya dace da nau'in flora, fauna da al'ummomin muhalli na Australia da ke cikin hadari . Kuma Ya ce babu wani shiri na ceto uku daga cikin hudun da ake yi wa barazana.

2008-2009 nazari mai zaman kansa gyara sashe

A ranar 31 ga Oktoba, shekarata 2008, Ministan Muhalli, Al'adu da Fasaha ya ba da umarnin sake duba dokar ta EPBC na shekaru 10 na farko.

Dokta Allan Hawke ne ya jagoranci bita, wanda wani ƙwararrun kwamitin ya goyi bayan. Manufar rahoton ita ce sake duba aikin dokar kuma, daidai da manufar kare muhalli da bambancin halittu da kuma kula da tsarin muhalli, don ba da shawarar sake fasalin da:

  • inganta dorewar ci gaban tattalin arzikin Ostiraliya
  • rage da sauƙaƙe nauyin tsari
  • tabbatar da ayyukan da ke ƙarƙashin Dokar suna wakiltar mafi inganci kuma *hanyoyi masu inganci don cimma sakamakon muhalli da ake so
  • sun dogara ne akan ingantaccen tsarin tarayya.

An isar da "Rahoton Karshe" ga Ministan a ranar 30 ga Oktoba shekarata 2009 kuma an fitar da shi a bainar jama'a a ranar 21 ga Disamba shekarata 2009. A taƙaice dai, ta ce maganganun da jama'a suka yi na nuna goyon baya sosai ga dokar, kuma dokar ta kawo sauye-sauye masu mahimmanci, kuma ta fuskoki da dama har yanzu ana kallon ta a matsayin jagora a duniya. Duk da haka ya haɗa da shawarwari guda 71, "an taƙaita cikin kunshin gyaran fuska wanda ke jujjuya tsari mai maki tara":

  1. sake gyara dokar don nuna kyakykyawan rawar da Gwamnatin Ostiraliya ta taka, da daidaita shirye-shiryenta da kuma sake mata suna da Dokar Muhalli ta Australiya ;
  2. kafa Hukumar Muhalli mai zaman kanta don ba da shawara ga gwamnati game da amincewar ayyukan, kimanta dabaru, tsare-tsaren bioregional da sauran hukunce-hukuncen doka;
  3. saka hannun jari a cikin ginshiƙan ingantaccen tsarin tsari kamar asusun muhalli na ƙasa, haɓaka ƙwarewa, jagorar manufofi, da samun mahimman bayanan sararin samaniya;
  4. daidaita yarda ta hanyar tsoma baki a cikin tsare-tsaren tsare-tsare da samar da ingantaccen amfani da dogaro ga kimanta dabarun, tsare-tsare na halittu da yarda da yarjejeniyoyin kasashen biyu;
  5. kafa Asusun Tallafawa Muhalli da tsarin 'biobanking' na kasa;
  6. samar da bincike na ayyukan muhalli da bincike;
  7. haifar da wani sabon al'amari na mahimmancin muhalli na ƙasa don 'tsarin muhalli mai mahimmanci na ƙasa' da kuma gabatar da wani yanayi na wucin gadi na greenhouse;
  8. inganta gaskiya wajen yanke shawara da samar da damar shiga kotuna don kararrakin maslahar jama'a; kuma
  9. wajabcin samar da rahotannin hangen nesa don taimakawa gwamnati ta shawo kan barazanar muhalli da ke kunno kai.

2018 invertebrate karatu gyara sashe

A cikin shekarar 2018, bincike guda biyu sun kalli wakilcin nau'ikan da aka jera, da sauran kwari da invertebrates masu alaƙa, suna ba da shawarar sabon tsarin dabarun ƙasa don kiyaye waɗannan dabbobi.

Rahoton Guardian 2018 gyara sashe

A The Guardian ya ruwaito a cikin Maris Na shekarar 2018 cewa Ostiraliya ba ta lissafta kowane yanki mai mahimmanci a cikin shekaru 10 da suka gabata, kuma yankuna biyar ne kawai aka yi rajista tun lokacin da aka gabatar da Dokar EPBC, kodayake fiye da nau'ikan 1,800 da al'ummomin muhalli sun kasance a matsayin barazana. Wani bincike na baya-bayan nan ya nuna cewa Ostiraliya na shirin share 3,000,000 hectares (7,400,000 acres) daga cikin gandun daji nan da shekarar 2030, yawancinsa a Queensland . Ɗayan rauni na mahimmancin rijistar wurin zama shine cewa tanade-tanaden laifin sa ba ya shafi ƙasa ko ƙasa mai zaman kansa, kawai ga ƙasar Commonwealth . Wannan yana da babban tasiri akan ikon sanya sunan wurin zama mai mahimmanci don possum Leadbeater mai hatsari, wanda mazauninsa ya kasance akan ƙasa mai mallakar gwamnati da masu zaman kansu. [3]

2019 kima gyara sashe

An buga wani binciken Cibiyar Nazarin Halittu da Kimiyyar Kimiya a Makarantar a Jami'ar Queensland a watan Satumba na shekarata 2019 a matsayin "kimanin kima kan ingancin Dokar EPBC wajen daidaita asarar mazaunin ga nau'ikan barazanar ƙasa, barazanar al'ummomin muhalli, ko kuma nau'in ƙaura na ƙasa", kamar yadda ba a yi ɗan ƙididdigewa ba a wannan yanki. Ya duba ko Dokar EPBC kamar yadda aka aiwatar tana cimma manufarta na kiyaye rayayyun halittu na Ostiraliya dangane da daidaita asarar muhalli ga nau'ikan da ke barazana da al'ummomin muhalli tsakanin shekarar 2000 da 2017.

Ya nuna cewa tun lokacin da dokar EPBC ta fara aiki a shekara ta shekarar 2000, an share sama da 7,700,000 hectares (19,000,000 acres) na wuraren zama da al'ummomi. Daga cikin wannan bayanin, sama da 93% ba a tura su ga Gwamnatin Tarayya don tantancewa, ma'ana ba a bincika asarar a ƙarƙashin Dokar EPBC ba . Yayin da nau'in 1,390 (84%) suka yi hasara, Dutsen Cooper mai tsiri skink, Keighery's macarthuria, da Finch mai baƙar fata na Kudancin sun rasa 25, 23, da 10% na wuraren zama, bi da bi. Alamomin Ostiraliya irin su koala, sun kuma yi asarar kusan 1,000,000 hectares (2,500,000 acres) (2.3%) na yuwuwar wurin zama. Wannan bincike ya nuna cewa dokar ta EPBC ba ta da tasiri wajen kare yuwuwar wurin zama ga nau'in bala'i na duniya, nau'in ƙaura na ƙasa, ko barazanar al'ummomin muhalli.

Yuni 2020 tantancewa gyara sashe

Binciken na shekarar 2020 shine duba na shida na masu ba da shawara, kimantawa da yarda a ƙarƙashin Dokar. An buga shi kuma an gabatar da shi a Majalisa a ranar 25 ga Yuni shekarar 2020, rahoton ya gano cewa gudanar da masu ba da shawara, kimantawa da kuma amincewa da ayyukan sarrafawa a ƙarƙashin Dokar ta Ma'aikatar Noma, Ruwa da Muhalli (DAWE) ba ta da tasiri, rashin daidaituwa ga muhalli. hadarin, kurakurai sun faru, ba a bi ka'idodin tsari ba, kuma Sashen "ba shi da matsayi mai kyau don auna gudunmawarsa ga manufofin Dokar EPBC ". Babban mai binciken kudi ya bayar da shawarwari guda takwas ga Sashen. ANAO ta gano cewa Ma'aikatar ba ta da isassun matakan aiki a wurin; ba a gudanar da mulkin ba da kyau kuma ba a gudanar da rikice-rikice na bukatun da kyau.

DAWE ta mayar da martani ga binciken, inda ta amince da duk shawarwarin guda takwas. Sakataren DAWE, Andrew Metcalfe, ya kuma bayar da rahoton cewa, Dokar EPBC ta kasance a lokacin da ake gudanar da nazarin doka mai zaman kanta wanda Farfesa Graeme Samuel AC ya jagoranta, wanda zai iya haifar da canje-canjen majalisa ga Dokar.

James Tresize na gidauniyar kiyayewa ta Australiya yayi tsokaci cewa dokar ta kasance "karya ta asali" kuma ba ta da kayan aiki don magance "kashewa da rikice-rikicen yanayi", yana mai cewa Ostiraliya na buƙatar doka mai ƙarfi da mai daidaitawa. Ya kuma yi nuni da cewa "a cikin shekaru 20 da aka kwashe ana aiwatar da dokokin, Kuma an shigar da kuma share wuraren zama na jinsuna masu girma fiye da Tasmania".

2019-2020 nazari mai zaman kansa gyara sashe

Wani bita mai zaman kansa na doka wanda Farfesa Graeme Samuel AC ya jagoranta kuma kwamitin kwararru ya goyi bayan ya fara a ranar 29 ga Oktoba shekarata 2019 kuma zai yi aiki na shekara guda. An rufe abubuwan da aka gabatar daga jama'a a watan Afrilu shekarata 2020. Ƙungiyar ƙwararrun ta ƙunshi Bruce Martin, Erika Smyth da Wendy Craik .

Rahoton na wucin gadi, wanda aka fitar a watan Yuli shekarar 2020, ya kammala da cewa dokokin da aka kirkira don kare nau'ikan nau'ikan halittu da wuraren zama ba su da tasiri, kuma "hanyoyin muhalli na yanzu ba shi da dorewa". Sukar dokar sun haɗa da cewa an mai da hankali sosai kan aiwatarwa maimakon a kan tabbataccen sakamako, kuma cewa tsarin sa na yanzu, "aiki-da-aiki" ba ya magance cutarwa mai tarin yawa. Sannan A lokacin da yake aiki, "jerin jinsuna da al'ummomin da aka yi barazanar ya karu a tsawon lokaci kuma akwai 'yan nau'in jinsuna da suka murmure har ta kai ga cire su daga jerin". Daga cikin sauye-sauyen da rahoton ya gabatar akwai wani tsari na ka'idojin muhalli na kasa da aka kafa tare da ka'idojin da za a iya aiwatar da su bisa doka, wadanda za su karfafa dukkan ikon da aka baiwa jihohi da yankuna. Yana ba da shawarar kafa wata hukuma mai zaman kanta "don sa ido da tilasta bin dokokin muhalli". Rahoton ya ba da shawarar cewa ya kamata gwamnatin tarayya ta fara samar da wani tsari na wucin gadi tun da farko, tare da tuntubar gwamnatocin jihohi da duk sauran masu ruwa da tsaki, da kuma tsarin da sanin al'adun gargajiya na kasar ta 'yan asalin Ostireliya za su iya shiga cikin yanke shawara.

Ministar Muhalli, Sussan Ley, ta ce nan take gwamnati za ta himmatu wajen bunkasa matakan kasa. Ta kuma yi nuni da cewa, za ta fara wani tsari da za a mika alhakin amincewa da muhalli ga gwamnatocin jihohi, da nufin gabatar da yarjejeniyoyin a gaban majalisar a karshen watan Agustan shekarar 2020, kafin fitar da rahoton karshe, wanda zai kare a watan Oktoba. Ƙungiyoyin muhalli sun ce zai fi kyau a jira rahoton ƙarshe kafin ƙaddamar da matakan amincewa. Ley ya ce gwamnati za ta inganta kariya ga al’adun gargajiya, inda za ta fara da tsarin tuntubar juna wanda zai hada da ‘yan asalin jihar da ministocin muhalli.

A ranar 14 ga Agusta, a shekarata 2020, Andrew Barr, Babban Ministan ACT, ya ce ana buƙatar sabunta dokar don magance sauyin yanayi, wanda ba a ma ambata a cikin dokar ta yanzu.

Kudirin Gyaran EPBC na 2020 gyara sashe

A ranar 27 ga Agusta, shekarata 2020, Ministan Muhalli (Ley) ya gabatar da Dokar Kare Muhalli da Kare Muhalli (Yawan Amincewa da Muhalli) Bill 2020 (Cth) ( Kudirin Gyaran EPBC ), wanda galibi yana nuna sauye-sauye ga tanadin yarjejeniyar amincewa da juna. na farko da aka gabatar a cikin shekarar 2014. Canje-canjen da aka gabatar za su sauƙaƙa kafa yarjejeniyoyin amincewa tsakanin gwamnatocin tarayya da na jahohi, da kuma ƙara yin wahalar ƙalubalantar tsarin raba mulki a ƙarƙashin doka (ta hanyar fayyace cewa ba za a iya mayar da wani mataki a ƙarƙashin Sashe na 7 na Dokar EPBC ba idan ya kasance. an rufe shi da yarjejeniyar amincewa da juna). Sauran canje-canjen sun haɗa da ƙyale ƙananan canje-canje ga tsarin tantance jihohi da yanki ba tare da yin tasiri ga yarjejeniyar tsakanin bangarorin biyu ba, kuma za a cire haramcin da ya shafi abubuwan da suka shafi "ruwan ruwa", ta yadda jihohi za su iya yanke shawarar kansu yayin tantance aikace-aikacen ta hanyar manyan kwal. ayyukan ma'adinai da kwal din gas wanda zai iya tasiri ga albarkatun ruwa. Canje-canjen da ake samarwa ba su haɗa da ƙa'idodin ƙasa waɗanda aka yi alkawarinsu ba.

Ayyuka masu alaƙa gyara sashe

  • Dokokin Dokokin Ostiraliya ta Halitta ta 1997, wacce ta kafa Dogara ta Natural Heritage Trust kuma ta ci gaba da ba da kudade don shirye-shiryen muhalli ta hanyar Shirin Kula da ƙasa na ƙasa.

Ayyukan Jiha gyara sashe

  • Dokar Kare Diversity 2016 (NSW), New South Wales
  • Dokar Kare Diversity 2016 (WA), Yammacin Ostiraliya
  • Dokar Garanti na Flora da Fauna 1988 (Dokar FFG), Victoria
  • Dokokin Parks da Namun daji 1972, Kudancin Ostiraliya
  • Dokar Kare yanayi 2014, Babban Birnin Ostiraliya
  • Dokar Kare Yanayin 1992, Queensland
  • Yankunan Parks da Dokar Kare namun daji 1976 (TPWCA), Yankin Arewa
    • Dokar Kimanin Muhalli 1982, Yankin Arewa
  • Dokar Kariya na Barazana ta 1995 (Dokar TSP), Tasmania

Duba wasu abubuwan gyara sashe

  • Daraktan wuraren shakatawa na kasa
  • Jerin rukunin yanar gizon Ramsar a Ostiraliya (alamar ruwa)
  • Amincewar Halitta ta Halitta
  • Yarjejeniyar gandun daji na Yanki
  • Barazana fauna na Ostiraliya

Manazarta gyara sashe

  1. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named daweepbchist
  2. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named onestop
  3. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named cox2018

Ci gaba da karatu gyara sashe

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Hanyoyin haɗi na waje gyara sashe

  • ( CC BY 4.0 )
  • - jinsi da al'ummomin muhalli da aka jera a ƙarƙashin Dokar Kariyar Muhalli da Dokokin Kare Halittu 1999
  • Lissafin Dokar EPBC - Lissafin da aka amince da su a ƙarƙashin Dokar
Daga "https://ha.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dokar_kare_muhalli_da_dokokin_kare_halittu&oldid=267669"