CFA franc na Tsakiyar Afrika
CFA ta Tsakiyar Afirka ( Faransanci : franc CFA ko kuma franc kawai ; ISO code : XAF ; gajarta: F.CFA ) kudin kasashe shida masu zaman kansu a Afirka ta Tsakiya : Kamaru, Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya, Chadi, Jamhuriyar Kongo, Equatorial Guinea da Gabon . Wadannan kasashe shida suna da jimillar yawan jama'a 55.2 mutane miliyan (kamar na 2020),[1] da jimlar GDP na sama da dalar Amurka 200 biliyan (kamar 2022).[2]
 CFA franc na Tsakiyar Afrika | |
|---|---|
kuɗi da franc (en)  | |
 | |
| Bayanai | |
| Central bank/issuer (en) |
Bank of Central African States (en) |
| Wanda yake bi |
British West African pound (en) |
| Start time (en) | 1961 |
CFA na nufin Colonies françaises d'Afrique ("Faransa mazauna Afirka"); daga baya aka mayar da suna zuwa Coopération financière en Afrique centrale ("Haɗin gwiwar Kuɗi a Afirka ta Tsakiya"). Bankin Afirka ta Tsakiya (BEAC; Banque des États de l'Afrique Centrale ), wanda ke cikin Yaoundé, Kamaru, ne ya ba da shi ga membobin kungiyar Tattalin Arziki da Kuɗi na Afirka ta Tsakiya (CEMAC; Communauté Économique et Monétaire de l 'Afrique Centrale ). An raba franc bisa ga ƙima zuwa santimita 100 amma ba a ba da alamar centimi ba.
A cikin ƙasashe da dama na yammacin Afirka, CFA franc na yammacin Afirka, wanda yake daidai da darajar CFA ta Tsakiyar Afirka, yana gudana.
Tarihi gyara sashe
An gabatar da CFA franc ga Turawan mulkin mallaka na Faransa a cikin Equatorial Africa a cikin 1945, wanda ya maye gurbin Faransa Equatorial franc . Yankunan Equatorial na Afirka da ke amfani da kudin CFA sune Chadi, Faransa Kamaru, Faransa Kongo, Gabon da Ubangi-Shari .[ana buƙatar hujja]
An ci gaba da amfani da kuɗin lokacin da waɗannan yankuna suka sami 'yancin kai. Equatorial Guinea, wadda ita ce kawai tsohuwar mulkin mallaka na Spain a yankin, ta karbi kudin CFA a shekarar 1984, inda ta maye gurbin Equatorial Guinean ekwele a farashin 1 franc = 4 bipkwele.[ana buƙatar hujja]
An danganta kudin zuwa Faransa Franc (F) a F.CFA 1 = 2 francs na Faransa daga 1948, ya zama F.CFA 1 = NF 0.02 bayan gabatarwar sabon franc a 1 sabon franc = 100 tsohon francs. A cikin 1994 an rage darajar kudin da rabi zuwa F.CFA 1 = F 0.01. Daga 1999 tun daga lokacin an haɗa shi zuwa Yuro akan €1 = F 6.55957 = F.CFA 655.957.
A ranar 25 ga Afrilu, 2023, an gudanar da taron ministoci na Ƙungiyar Tattalin Arziki da Tattalin Arziƙi na Afirka ta Tsakiya (Cemac) da Faransa. Musamman, an tattauna batun CFA franc. A bangaren Faransa kuwa, garantin da aka bayar ga CFA franc, da kuma tabbatar da canjinsa, ana ganinsa a matsayin wani tasiri na daidaita tattalin arzikin yankin. Faransa ta ci gaba da kasancewa "bude" da "samuwa" don ci gaba da yin gyare-gyaren hadin gwiwar hada-hadar kudi a Afirka ta Tsakiya, kamar yadda aka samu a yammacin Afirka. Faransa ta ce a shirye ta ke ta karbi shawarwarin CEmac.[1].
Suka gyara sashe
A cewar BBC, "masu suka, irin su masu adawa da CFA, sun ce ci gaban tattalin arziki na gaskiya ga kasashen Afirka 14 ba za a iya samu ba ne kawai idan sun kawar da kudaden. Suna jayayya cewa don musanya garantin da baitulmalin Faransa ya bayar, ƙasashen Afirka suna ba da ƙarin kuɗi zuwa Faransa fiye da yadda suke samun taimako. Har ila yau, suna jayayya cewa ba su da wani ra'ayi game da yanke shawara kan muhimman manufofin kudi da kasashen Turai suka amince da su, wadanda ke cikin Tarayyar Turai."
Tsabar kudi gyara sashe
A cikin 1948, an ba da tsabar kudi don amfani a duk yankuna (ba tare da Faransa Kamaru ba) a cikin ƙungiyoyin 1 da 2 francs. Wannan ita ce fitowa ta ƙarshe ta tsabar kuɗin Franc 2 na kusan shekaru 50. A cikin 1958, an ƙara tsabar kuɗi 5, 10, da 25, waɗanda kuma aka yi amfani da su a Kamarun Faransa. Waɗannan suna da sunan Cameroun ban da États de l'Afrique Equatoriale . A cikin 1961, an gabatar da tsabar nickel 50 franc, sannan kuma nickel franc 100 a 1966.
Daga 1971, an ba da tsabar franc 100 ga kowane ɗayan ƙasashe membobin, wanda ke nuna sunan jihar da aka ba su. An kuma bayar da tsabar Franc 50 ta wannan hanya tsakanin 1976 zuwa 1996, bayan an rage girman su. Sai dai a maimakon a nuna sunan jihar kowanne an bai wa wasiƙar tantancewa a saman baya. An ba da tsabar fran 50 mai harafin "A" ga Chadi, "B" na Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya, "C" na Kongo, "D" na Gabon, da "E" na Kamaru. A cikin 1976, an ƙaddamar da tsabar kuɗi na 500 cupro-nickel. Daga 1985, waɗannan su ma jihohi ɗaya ne suka ba da su. A waccan shekarar kuma an gabatar da 5, 25, 50 da 100 franc don amfani a Equatorial Guinea, wanda kwanan nan ya shiga cikin ƙungiyar kuɗi, yana nuna duk lakabi da bayanai a cikin Mutanen Espanya maimakon Faransanci na yau da kullun, musamman ma ƙungiyar a matsayin "Franco". "maimakon" franc. Duk da bambance-bambance masu mahimmanci a cikin wasu tsabar kudin, duk sun kasance na doka kuma ana iya musanyawa a cikin dukkan ƙasashe membobin.
A cikin 1996, an sake dawo da samar da tsabar franc 100 na tsakiya, tare da dawo da tsabar franc 500 guda ɗaya a cikin 1998. Duk da faɗuwar sunayen jihohi da haruffan lamba, gabaɗayan ƙirar tsabar kudin ta kasance ba ta canzawa.
2006 ya ga sake fasalin duk ƙungiyoyin tsabar kudi don CFA franc, tare da ƙaddamar da yanki na 2 franc. An rage girman tsabar tsabar 1, 5, 10, da 25, yayin da aka gabatar da sabon tsabar kudin franc 100 bi-metallic, tare da sabon kuma rage girman 500 franc Coin tare da ƙarin fasalulluka na tsaro, gami da alamar laser. Duk sabbin tsabar kudi suna kwatanta gajarta "CEMAC" don "Communauté Économique et Monétaire de l'Afrique Centrale". Tsofaffin tsabar kudi suna ci gaba da kasancewa masu tausasawa na doka tare da sabbin tsabar kudi da aka tsara.
Duk tsabar kudi na CFA suna nuna alamar mint guda biyu, tare da alamar keɓantacce . Alamar mint tana kan baya a gefen hagu na ƙungiyar yayin da alamar zanen yana kan dama.
Takardun kuɗi gyara sashe
Lokacin da aka gabatar da kuɗin CFA, bayanin kula da Caisse Centrale de la France d'Outre-Mer ("Central Cashier of Overseas France") ya fitar a cikin ƙungiyoyin 5, 10, 20, 100, da 1,000 francs suna cikin yaduwa. A cikin 1947, an gabatar da sabon jerin bayanan kula don amfani a cikin Equatorial Afirka ta Faransa, kodayake bayanan ba su ɗauke da sunan mazauna ba. An ba da bayanin kula a cikin ƙungiyoyi na 5, 10, 20, 50, 100, da 1,000 francs, sannan na franc 500 a 1949, da kuma franc 5,000 a 1952. A cikin 1957, Institut d'Émission de l'Afrique Équatoriale Française et du Cameroun ta ɗauki nauyin samar da kuɗin takarda, ta ba da duk ƙungiyoyin da suka gabata banda lissafin 500-franc.[ana buƙatar hujja]
A cikin 1961, Banque Centrale des États de l'Afrique Équatoriale et du Cameroun ya ɗauki nauyin samar da takardar kuɗi, tare da bayanin kula da ke ƙasa da franc 100 da aka daina bayarwa. Sunan bankin ya canza zuwa Banque Centrale des États de l'Afrique Équatoriale a cikin 1963. An gabatar da takardun kuɗi na franc 10,000 a cikin 1968, yayin da kuɗin franc 10 aka maye gurbinsu da tsabar kuɗi a cikin 1971.[ana buƙatar hujja]
A cikin 1975, sunan bankin ya sake canjawa zuwa Banque des États de l'Afrique Centrale kuma jihohi ɗaya sun fara ba da bayanin kula da sunayensu, a cikin ƙungiyoyin 500, 1,000, 5,000 da 10,000 francs. Wannan aikin ya ƙare a 1993. Tun daga wannan lokacin, an fitar da takardun banki tare da wasiƙa kawai da aka baje kolin don bambance tsakanin batutuwan jihohin. An gabatar da takardun kuɗin franc 2,000 a cikin 1993. Lambobin haruffan ƙasa sune kamar haka:
Jerin 1993:
- C –
Jamhuriyar Kwango - E –
Kameru - F –
Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya - L –
Gabon - N –
Gini Ikwatoriya - P –
Cadi
Jerin 2002:
- A – Gabon
- C – Cadi
- F – Gini Ikwatoriya
- M – Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya
- T – Jamhuriyar Kwango
- U – Kameru[3]
| Bayanan banki na CFA franc na Afirka ta Tsakiya (fitowar 1993-1994) | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hoto | Daraja | Banda | Juya baya | Magana | |||||
| 500 francs | Zabus; mutum | Antelope | C (Jamhuriyar Kongo); E (Cameroon); F (Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya); L (Gabon); N (Equatorial Guinea); P (Chadi) | ||||||
| 1,000 francs | Girbin kofi; mutum | Raft | C (Jamhuriyar Kongo); E (Cameroon); F (Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya); L (Gabon); N (Equatorial Guinea); P (Chadi) | ||||||
| 2,000 francs | 'Ya'yan itace na wurare masu zafi; mace | Yanayin tashar jiragen ruwa | C (Jamhuriyar Kongo); E (Cameroon); F (Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya); L (Gabon); N (Equatorial Guinea); P (Chadi) | ||||||
| 5,000 francs | Masu aikin hakar mai | Girbin auduga | C (Jamhuriyar Kongo); E (Cameroon); F (Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya); L (Gabon); N (Equatorial Guinea); P (Chadi) | ||||||
| 10,000 francs | Gina ginin Banque des États de l'Afrique Centrale ( Bankin Ƙasar Afirka ta Tsakiya ); Yaoundé, Kamaru ; mace | Kamun kifi | C (Jamhuriyar Kongo); E (Cameroon); F (Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya); L (Gabon); N (Equatorial Guinea); P (Chad) | ||||||
| Bayanan banki na CFA franc na Afirka ta Tsakiya (fitowar 2002) | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hoto | Daraja | Banda | Juya baya | Magana | |||||
| 500 francs | Yanayin aji, tare da ɗalibai suna koyo game da harafin Faransanci B | Mace; bukkoki | A (Gabon); C (Chadi); F (Equatorial Guinea); M (Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya); T (Jamhuriyar Kongo); U (Cameroon) | ||||||
| 1,000 francs | Shiga; mutum | Aikin fili | A (Gabon); C (Chadi); F (Equatorial Guinea); M (Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya); T (Jamhuriyar Kongo); U (Cameroon) | ||||||
| 2,000 francs | Ruwan lantarki; yarinya | Wurin hakar ma'adinai | A (Gabon); C (Chadi); F (Equatorial Guinea); M (Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya); T (Jamhuriyar Kongo); U (Cameroon) | ||||||
| 5,000 francs | Port; mutum | Tashar mai | A (Gabon); C (Chadi); F (Equatorial Guinea); M (Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya); T (Jamhuriyar Kongo); U (Cameroon) | ||||||
| 10,000 francs | Gina ginin Banque des États de l'Afrique Centrale ( Bankin Ƙasar Afirka ta Tsakiya ); Yaoundé, Kamaru ; mace | Sufuri da sadarwa | A (Gabon); C (Chadi); F (Equatorial Guinea); M (Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya); T (Jamhuriyar Kongo); U (Cameroon) | ||||||
- (in French) Communauté Économique et Monétaire de l'Afrique Centrale (Official Site of the Economic and Monetary Community of Central Africa)
- Central African CFA franc Banknotes
Nassoshi gyara sashe
- ↑ Population Reference Bureau. "2014 World Population Data Sheet" (PDF). Prb.org. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2018-02-18. Retrieved 2017-08-25.
- ↑ World Bank. "Gross domestic product 2012" (PDF). Databank.worldbank.org. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2017-02-01. Retrieved 2013-10-01.
- ↑ "Central African States banknotes - Central African States paper money catalog and CAS currency history". www.atsnotes.com. Archived from the original on 2022-09-03. Retrieved 2021-05-30.