Yaren Czech

Czech ( /tʃ ɛ k / ; endonym </link> [ ˈtʃɛʃcɪna ]</link> ), a tarihi kuma ana kiranta da Bohemian / ( / b oʊ ˈ hiː miən , ba - / ; Latin </link> ), harshe ne na Yammacin Slavic na ƙungiyar Czech-Slovak, an rubuta shi da rubutun Latin . Sama da mutane miliyan 10 ke magana, yana aiki a matsayin yaren hukuma na Jamhuriyar Czech . Czech yana da alaƙa da Slovak, har zuwa maƙasudin fahimtar juna, da kuma Yaren mutanen Poland zuwa ƙaramin digiri. Czech harshe ne mai hadewa tare da wadataccen tsarin ilimin halittar jiki da daidaita tsarin kalma . Kalmominsa sun sami tasiri sosai daga Latin da Jamusanci .

Ƙungiya ta Czech-Slovak ta haɓaka a cikin Yammacin Slavic a cikin babban zamani na zamani, kuma daidaitawar Czech da Slovak a cikin yaren Czech-Slovak ya samo asali a farkon zamani. A cikin ƙarshen 18th zuwa tsakiyar 19th karni, ma'aunin rubutu na zamani ya zama an daidaita shi a cikin mahallin Farfaɗowar Ƙasar Czech . Mafi yawan magana da ba daidai ba iri-iri, wanda aka fi sani da Czech Common, ya dogara ne akan yaren Prague, amma yanzu ana magana da shi azaman interdialect a cikin mafi yawan Bohemia . Yarukan da ake magana a cikin Moravia sun fi bambanta fiye da yarukan Bohemia. Wani sanannen kuskure ya ɗauka cewa yarukan Moravia na gabas sun fi kusa da Slovak fiye da Czech, amma wannan ba daidai ba ne; a haƙiƙa, akasin haka gaskiya ne, kuma wasu yarukan da ke yammacin Slovakia suna baje kolin fasalulluka fiye da daidaitattun Czech fiye da daidaitaccen Slovak.

Czech tana da ƙima mai matsakaicin girman jigon waya, wanda ya ƙunshi monophthongs guda goma, diphthongs uku da baƙaƙe 25 (an raba su zuwa nau'ikan "mai wuya", "tsaka-tsaki" da "laushi"). Kalmomi na iya ƙunsar rikitattun gungu na baƙar magana ko rashin wasula gaba ɗaya. Czech yana da haɓakar alveolar trill, wanda aka sani yana faruwa azaman sauti a cikin wasu harsuna kaɗan kawai, wanda grapheme ř ke wakilta.

UmarRabewa

Harsunan Yammacin Slavic ana magana da su a tsakiyar Turai. An bambanta Czech daga sauran yarukan Slavic na Yamma ta hanyar taƙaitaccen bambance-bambance tsakanin baƙaƙe masu “wuya” da “laushi” (duba phonology a ƙasa).

Czech memba ne na reshen Slavic na Yamma na reshen Slavic na dangin harshen Indo-Turai . Wannan reshe ya haɗa da Yaren mutanen Poland, Kashubian, Upper da Lower Sorbian da Slovak . Slovak shine yaren da ya fi kusanci da Czech, sannan yaren Poland da Silesian .

Tarihi

Tsakiyar Tsakiya/Tsohuwar Czech

Littafi Mai Tsarki na Kralice shine cikakken fassarar Littafi Mai-Tsarki na farko zuwa yaren Czech daga yaren asali. An fara buga kundinsa guda shida tsakanin 1579 da 1593.

Kalmar "Tsohuwar Czech" ana amfani da ita ga lokacin da ke gabatowa karni na 16, tare da farkon bayanan babban lokacin na da kuma an lasafta shi da "Tsohon Czech", amma kuma ana amfani da kalmar "Tsohon Czech". Tsohon Slavonic ne ya fara aiwatar da aikin rubutaccen harshe da aka rubuta da Glagolitic, daga baya kuma da Latin da aka rubuta da rubutun Latin .