Umhlanga (bikin)
Umhlanga [ um̩ɬaːŋɡa ], ko Reed Dance bikin, wani taron Swazi ne na shekara-shekara wanda ke faruwa a ƙarshen Agusta ko a farkon Satumba. [1] A Eswatini, dubun dubatar 'yan mata da mata na Swazi marasa aure da ba su da haihuwa sun yi balaguro daga sarakuna daban-daban zuwa ƙauyen sarauta na Ludzidzini don halartar taron na kwanaki takwas. [2] An sanya matasa, 'yan matan da ba a yi aure ba a cikin tsarin shekarun mata; ‘Yan matan da suka yi ciki a wajen aure an ci tarar iyalansu tarar saniya. [1]
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Tarihi
gyara sasheAn ƙirƙiri Umhlanga a cikin 1940s Eswatini ƙarƙashin mulkin Sobhuza II, kuma shi ne karbuwa na bikin Umchwasho da ya fi tsufa. [1] Ana ci gaba da yin raye-rayen reed a yau a birnin Eswatini. A Afirka ta Kudu, Goodwill Zwelithini, tsohon Sarkin Zulus ya gabatar da rawan redi a cikin 1991. Ana yin raye-raye a Afirka ta Kudu a Nongoma, wani gidan sarauta na Sarkin Zulu.
Afirka ta Kudu
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A Afirka ta Kudu, an san bikin da Umkhosi woMhlanga , kuma yana faruwa kowace shekara a watan Satumba a fadar sarauta ta Enyokeni a Nongoma Enyokeni, KwaZulu-Natal. 'Yan matan sun fito ne daga sassa na Zululand, kuma a cikin 'yan shekarun nan akwai ƙananan ƙungiyoyi daga Eswatini, da kuma wurare masu nisa irin su Botswana da Pondoland . [3]
Ana bukatar dukkan 'yan mata da su yi gwajin budurcinsu kafin a ba su damar shiga rawan sarauta. A cikin 'yan shekarun nan aikin gwaji ya gamu da wasu 'yan adawa.
’Yan matan na sa tufafin gargajiya, da suka hada da kayan kwalliya, izigege, izinculuba da iminsha masu nuna gindinsu. [4] Har ila yau, suna sanya gyale, mundaye, sarƙaƙƙiya, da sarƙaƙƙiya masu launi. Kowane sash yana da abubuwan haɗin gwiwa na launi daban-daban, wanda ke nuna ko yarinyar an aura ko a'a. [5]
A wani bangare na bikin, ‘yan matan suna rawa babu nono ga sarkinsu, kuma kowace budurwa tana dauke da doguwar sanda, ana ajiyewa yayin da suka isa wurin sarki. 'Yan matan suna kula da zabar mafi tsayi kuma mafi ƙarfi kawai, sannan kuma suna ɗaukar su sama da kawunansu a cikin tafiya a hankali zuwa tudu zuwa fadar Eyokeni. [3] An gudanar da jerin gwano ne karkashin jagorancin shugabar Gimbiya Zulu, wacce ke taka rawar gani a duk lokacin bikin. [3] Idan ’ya’yan itacen ya karye kafin yarinyar ta kai ga hakan, ana ganin yarinyar ta riga ta yi lalata da ita. [6]
Sarki Goodwill Zwelethini ne ya sake gabatar da bikin a shekarar 1991, a matsayin wata hanya ta karfafa gwiwar 'yan matan Zulu da su jinkirta yin jima'i har sai an yi aure, don haka ta takaita yiwuwar kamuwa da cutar kanjamau . A shekara ta 2007, kimanin 'yan mata 30,000 ne suka halarci bikin. Masu shirya bikin dai na daukar tsauraran matakai kan masu daukar hoto a wasu lokuta, saboda ana zargin wasu daga cikinsu da wallafa hotunan batsa a shafukan intanet . [7]
A cikin shekarun da suka gabata, taron ya samu halartar tsohon shugaban kasar Afirka ta Kudu, Jacob Zuma (shi kansa dan kabilar Zulu), da tsohon Firimiyan KwaZulu-Natal, Zweli Mkhize . [8]
A yankin KwaZulu-Natal, dubban ‘yan mata masu nono ba su da nono sun yi rawan rawa a gaban sarki don girmama kyawunsu da budurcinsu. Wani lokaci sukan kewaye sarki a lokacin wani muhimmin watsa shirye-shirye, a matsayin alamar mutunci da nagarta. Marigayi Sarkin Zulu Goodwill Zwelithini ya tayar da al'adar a cikin 1984.
Eswatini
gyara sashe
A Eswatini, 'yan mata suna fara bikin ne ta hanyar yin taro a ƙauyen sarautar uwar Sarauniya, wanda a halin yanzu Ludzidzini Royal Village ne. [1] Bayan sun isa gidan sarautar uwar Sarauniya, matan sun watse da dare zuwa yankunan da ke kewaye kuma suka yanke dogayen ciyayi. Washegari da daddare, suka haɗa ciyawar tare da dawo da su wurin Uwar Sarauniya don a yi amfani da su don gyara ramuka a cikin gilashin radiyon da ke kewaye da ƙauyen sarauta.
Bayan kwana daya sun huta da wanke-wanke, matan sun shirya kayan gargajiyar da suka hada da kwalliyar kwalliya, da gyale da aka yi da kwakwa, da siket, da siket. Da yawa daga cikinsu suna ɗauke da wuƙaƙen daji, waɗanda tun da farko suka yi amfani da su don yanke ciyawar, a matsayin alamar budurcinsu .
Matan na rera waka da rawa yayin da suke yin faretin a gaban gidan sarauta da kuma taron manyan baki da ’yan kallo da masu yawon bude ido. Bayan faretin, ƙungiyoyin ƙauyuka daga ƙauyuka za su tafi tsakiyar filin wasa tare da yin wasan kwaikwayo na musamman ga jama'a. 'Ya'ya mata da yawa na Sarki da sarakunan sarauta su ma sun halarci bikin raye-rayen raye-raye kuma an bambanta su da rawanin gashin fuka-fukan da suke sanyawa a gashin kansu.
Yanayin Rawar Reed na yanzu ya samo asali ne a cikin 1940s daga al'adar Umcwasho, inda aka sanya 'yan mata a cikin tsarin shekaru don tabbatar da budurcinsu. [9] Da zarar sun kai shekarun aure, sai su yi wa uwar Sarauniya aiki aiki sai rawa da liyafa. Manufar bikin shekara-shekara a hukumance shi ne don kiyaye tsaftar mata, ba da aikin yabo ga uwar Sarauniya, da samar da hadin kai a tsakanin mata ta hanyar yin aiki tare. [1]
Rigimar tsiraici
gyara sasheBidiyon raye-rayen reed an taɓa rarraba su azaman abubuwan da aka iyakance shekaru ta YouTube, wanda ya fusata masu amfani waɗanda suka loda su. Wannan ya hada da Lazi Dlamini, shugabar TV Yabantu, kamfanin samar da bidiyo na kan layi wanda ke da nufin samar da abubuwan da ke "kare, adanawa da kuma maido da kimar Afirka". Da yake aiki tare da kungiyoyin al'adu sama da 200 a fadin kasar da kuma makwabciyarta Eswatini, Dlamini ya shirya zanga-zangar adawa da Google domin tilasta musu sake tunani. YouTube ya nemi afuwa, kuma ya ba da izinin nuna ainihin bidiyon gargajiya na Afirka. A cewar wakilin kamfanin, sun dage takunkumin, saboda ba manufar Google ba ce ta “takaita tsiraicin a irin wannan yanayi inda ya dace a al’ada ko kuma a al’adance”. [10] [11]
Shirye-shirye
gyara sasheAn tsara ranar bikin ne ta hanyar duba matakan wata. Da zarar wata ya kai mataki, bikin ya fara. Ana ziyartan wuraren da ciyawar ta kasance don bincika idan an shirya don yankewa da samunsa. Haka kuma shirye-shiryen sun hada da nemo wuraren da 'yan matan za su kwana, da abinci na lafiya, da tsara jigilar su daga mazabunsu zuwa gidan sarauta. Daga matakin mazabar mazabar za ta zabi maza hudu masu amana da za su jagoranci kungiyar 'yan mata daga wannan mazabar. Idan lamarin gaggawa ya taso biyu daga cikin mazan da ke tare da wadannan 'yan matan za su koma gida su kai rahoto. Tun daga farko ‘yan matan suka fara yin wakokin gargajiya da raye-rayen gargajiya. A gida, yarinya za ta tattara duk kayan gargajiya da ake bukata don bikin.
Canje-canje na zamani
gyara sasheA zamanin da, ‘yan matan kan kwana a waje a fili; yau suna kwana a tantuna. A yau suma motocin dakon kaya suke takowa da su maimakon tafiya mai nisa dauke da ciyawar. Ana amfani da makirufo don fara waƙa da kuma sanar da wace waƙa za a rera. A yanzu dai ana amfani da yanar gizo, kafofin sada zumunta, gidajen rediyo da talabijin, wajen bayyana ranar da za a fara bikin.
Manazarta
gyara sashe- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 Patricks, Richard M. (July 2000). "Cultural Resources – Swazi Culture – The Umhlanga or Reed Dance". SNTC website. Swaziland National Trust Commission. Archived from the original on 26 April 2006. Retrieved 4 October 2009.
- ↑ "Umhlanga / Reed Dance". STA website. Swaziland Tourism Authority. Archived from the original on 6 January 2007. Retrieved 4 October 2009.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 "Nongoma". Zululand Tourism. Archived from the original on 19 July 2013. Retrieved 20 August 2013.
- ↑ "Zulu Reed Dance". Eshowe. Archived from the original on 18 August 2013. Retrieved 20 August 2013.
- ↑ "Dance History And Theory" (PDF). Gauteng Province Education. Archived from the original (PDF) on 31 May 2013. Retrieved 21 August 2013.
- ↑ Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs namedDubin2013 - ↑ "Goodwill says virginity testing here to stay". Sowetan LIVE. Retrieved 20 August 2013.
- ↑ "Trees planted at Reed Dance". The Witness. Retrieved 20 August 2013.
- ↑ "Umcwasho maidens 1895". Swaziland Digital Archives. Swaziland National Trust Commission. Archived from the original on 14 June 2011. Retrieved 18 October 2009.
- ↑ "YouTube lifts Swazi bare-breasted dancer restrictions". BBC News.
- ↑ "'Hey Google, our breasts aren't sexual'". Mail and Guardian. 2017-10-12.