Wikipedia

Sanaa

Sanaa ( Larabci: صَنْعَاء‎ , Ṣanʿāʾ [sˤɑnʕaːʔ], Yaman Larabci : [ˈsˤɑnʕɑ] ; Tsohon Larabawa ta Kudu : 𐩮𐩬𐩲𐩥 Ṣnʿw ), wanda kuma ake rubutawa da Sana'a ko Sana, babban birni ne kuma birni mafi girma a ƙasar Yaman kuma tsakiyar lardin Sanaa. Garin ba ya cikin mulki, amma ya kafa gunduma na musamman na "ʾAmanat al-ʿĀṣima" ( أمانة العاصمة ). A karkashin kundin tsarin mulkin ƙasar Yemen, Sanaa ita ce babban birnin kasar,[1] ko da yake kujerar gwamnatin Yemen ta koma Aden, tsohon babban birnin Yaman ta Kudu bayan mamayar Houthi. Shugaba Abdrabbuh Mansur Hadi ya ayyana Aden a matsayin babban birnin wucin gadi a watan Maris shekarar 2015.[2]

Sanaa
صنعاء (ar)

Wuri
Map
 15°21′N 44°12′E / 15.35°N 44.2°E / 15.35; 44.2
Ƴantacciyar ƙasaYemen
Enclave within (en) Fassara Sanaa Governorate (en) Fassara
Babban birnin
Yemen (1990–)
Yawan mutane
Faɗi 2,957,000 (2015)
• Yawan mutane 857.1 mazaunan/km²
Home (en) Fassara 254,866 (2004)
Labarin ƙasa
Yawan fili 3,450 km²
Altitude (en) Fassara 2,150 m-2,253 m
Sun raba iyaka da
Bayanan tarihi
Wanda ya samar Shem (en) Fassara
Muhimman sha'ani
Bayanan Tuntuɓa
Kasancewa a yanki na lokaci
UTC+03:00 (en) Fassara
Tsarin lamba ta kiran tarho 01
Wasu abun
Yanar gizo sanaacity.com
sanaa Babar Abune a rayuwan Dan Adam

A tsayin 2,300 metres (7,500 ft),[3] Sana'a na ɗaya daga cikin manyan biranen duniya kuma birnin dake kusa da tsaunin Sarawat na Jabal An-Nabi Shu'ayb da Jabal Tiyal, wanda ake ɗauka a matsayin tsaunuka mafi tsayi a ƙasar kuma daya daga cikin mafi girma a cikin ƙasar. Yankin Sana'a tana da yawan jama'a kusan miliyan 3,937,500 (2012), hakan ya birnin zama mafi girma a Yemen. Ya zuwa shekarar 2020, mafi girman yankin birnin Sanaa ya kai kusan kashi 10% na yawan al'ummar Yemen.[4]

Tsohon birnin Sanaa, Gidan Tarihi na Duniya na UNESCO, yana da gine-gine na musamman, wanda aka fi sani da shi a cikin gine-ginen masu yawa da aka yi wa ado da siffofi na geometric. A rikicin da ya barke a shekarar 2015, bama-bamai sun afkawa wuraren UNESCO a tsohon birnin.[5][6] Masallacin Al Saleh, mafi girma a Sana'a, yana cikin tsohon birni.

Sana'a na fuskantar matsalar ruwa mai tsanani, inda ake dibar ruwa daga magudanar ruwan da gaugawa. An yi hasashen cewa birnin zai kare gaba daya daga cikin ruwa nan da shekara ta 2030, wanda zai zama babban birnin kasa na farko a duniya. Samun ruwan sha yana da wahala a Sanaa, kuma ana samun matsalolin ingancin ruwa.[7]

Tarihi

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Zamanin da

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Bisa ga sanannun addinan Ibrahim, an kafa Sana'a a gindin tsaunin Jabal Nuqum ta Shem, ɗan Nuhu, [8] [9] [10] bayan mutuwar karshe.

Wataƙila sunan Sanaa ya samo asali ne daga tushen Sabaic ṣnʿ, ma'ana "ƙarfi mai kyau". [11][12] An tabbatar da sunan a cikin tsofaffin rubutun Sabae, galibi daga ƙarni na 3 AZ, kamar yadda ṣnʿw . [11] A halin yanzu, sanannen ilimin ilimin al'umma ya ce sunan Sana'a yana nufin "kyakkyawan sana'o'insa da sana'o'insa (watakila sifar mata ta larabci aṣnaʿ )". [11]

Masanin tarihin Larabawa na ƙarni na 10 al-Hamdani ya rubuta cewa tsohon sunan Sanaa Azāl ne, wanda ba a rubuta shi a cikin wasu rubuce-rubucen Sabae na zamani ba. [11] Sunan "Azal" yana da alaƙa da Uzal, ɗan Qahtan, babban jikan Shem, a cikin labaran Littafi Mai Tsarki na Littafin Farawa .

Al-Hamdani ya rubuta cewa Sana'a ta kasance katangar da Saba'awa suka yi a karkashin sarkinsu Sha'r Awtar, wanda kuma za a iya cewa ya gina fadar Ghumdan a birnin. Saboda wurin da yake, Sana'a ta kasance cibiyar birni ga kabilun yankin da ke kewaye da ita kuma a matsayin cibiyar kasuwancin yanki a kudancin Larabawa . An sanya shi a mararrabar manyan hanyoyin kasuwanci guda biyu da suka haɗa Ma'rib a gabas zuwa Bahar Maliya a yamma. [10]

Zamanin Musulunci

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Rubutun Sana'a, wanda aka samo a Sana'a a cikin 1972, yana ɗaya daga cikin tsoffin rubuce-rubucen kur'ani da aka samu.

Tun daga zamanin Muhammadu (wato kimanin shekara ta 622 AZ) har zuwa kafuwar kananan hukumomi masu zaman kansu a sassa da dama na Khalifancin Musulunci na Yaman, Sana'a ta dage da samun matsayin kujerar mulki. Mataimakin Halifa ya kula da al'amuran daya daga cikin Makhalif din Yemen guda uku: Mikhlaf Sana'a, Mikhlaf al-Janad, da Mikhlaf Hadhramaut . Birnin Sanaa na ci gaba da samun wani muhimmin matsayi a kai a kai, kuma dukkan kasashen Yaman sun fafata da su wajen sarrafa shi.[ana buƙatar hujja]

Imam Al-Shafi'i masanin fikihu na Musulunci a karni na 8 kuma wanda ya assasa mazhabar Shafi'iyya ya ziyarci birnin Sanaa sau da yawa. Ya yaba wa birnin, ya kuma rubuta La budda min Shanʻāʼ, ko kuma "Dole ne a ga Sanaa." A cikin karni na 9-10, masanin tarihin kasar Yemen, al-Hamdani, ya lura da tsaftar birnin, yana mai cewa “Mazauni mafi kankanta a can yana da rijiya daya ko biyu, lambu da dogayen ramukan rabe da juna, babu kamshi ko sharri. yana jin ƙamshi, saboda ƙaƙƙarfan kankare ( adobe da cob, mai yiwuwa) da filin kiwo mai kyau da tsaftataccen wuraren tafiya." Daga baya a cikin karni na 10, ɗan ƙasar Farisa Ibn Rustah ya rubuta game da Sanaa: "Garin Yemen ne - ba za a iya samun ... wani birni mafi girma, mafi yawan jama'a ko mafi wadata, na asali ko abinci mai dadi fiye da shi. ."

Manazarta

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  1. ↑ "Yemen's embattled president declares southern base temporary capital". DPA International. 21 March 2015. Archived from the original on 11 July 2015.
  2. ↑ "Yemen's President Hadi declares new 'temporary capital'". Deutsche Welle. 21 March 2015. Archived from the original on 5 June 2015. Retrieved 21 March 2015.
  3. ↑ McLaughlin, Daniel (2008). "3: Sanaʽa". Yemen. Bradt Travel Guides. p. 67. ISBN 978-1-8416-2212-5. Archived from the original on 14 February 2023. Retrieved 26 September 2020.
  4. ↑ United Nations Human Settlements Programme in Yemen (2020). Sana'a City Profile (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 14 April 2021. Retrieved 27 February 2021.
  5. ↑ Young, T. Luke. "Conservation of the Old Walled City of Sanaʽa Republic of Yemen". MIT. Archived from the original on 3 August 2018. Retrieved 7 April 2011.
  6. ↑ Anna Hestler; Jo-Ann Spilling (2010). Yemen. Marshall Cavendish. p. 16. ISBN 978-0-7614-4850-1. Archived from the original on 14 February 2023. Retrieved 15 November 2015.
  7. ↑ Al-Hamdi, Mohamed I (2000). Competition for Scarce Groundwater in the Sana'a Plain, Yemen. A Study of the Incentive Systems for Urban and Agricultural Water Use. Taylor & Francis. pp. 1–8. ISBN 90-5410-426-0. Retrieved 15 February 2021.
  8. ↑ Al-Hamdāni, al-Ḥasan ibn Aḥmad, The Antiquities of South Arabia - The Eighth Book of Al-Iklīl, Oxford University Press 1938, pp. 8-9
  9. ↑ Minaret Building and Apprenticeship in Yemen, by Trevor Marchand, Routledge (27 April 2001), p.1.
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 Aithe, p.30.
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 11.2 11.3 (E. ed.). Invalid |url-access=Lecomte (help); Missing or empty |title= (help) Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "Smith 1997" defined multiple times with different content
  12. ↑ Albert Jamme, inscriptions from Mahram Bilqis p.440

Manazarta

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