Mataimakin Firayim Minista na Faransa
Mataimakin firaministan Faransa matsayi ne da ya kasance a wasu lokuta a cikin gwamnatin Faransa tsakanin 1871 zuwa 1958. An ba shi lakabin mataimakin shugaban majalisar ministocin (Faransanci: mataimakin shugaban kasa du Conseil des ministres), ko kuma mataimakin shugaban majalisar ministocin Faransa. Majalisa a takaice.
 Mataimakin Firayim Minista na Faransa | |
|---|---|
position (en)  | |
| Bayanai | |
| Ƙaramin ɓangare na | mataimakin firaminista |
| Bangare na |
Council of Ministers (en) |
| Ƙasa | Faransa |
| Applies to jurisdiction (en) | Faransa |
| Dissolved, abolished or demolished date (en) | 1958 |
Yana da kansa sinecure, wanda aka yi amfani da shi don ba da matsayi nan da nan bayan Firayim Minista ga wani muhimmin memba na gwamnati, daga baya har zuwa uku a lokaci guda, amma ba tare da takamaiman aiki ko iko ba, ko kowane rawar da aka zaba a matsayin mukaddashin Firayim Minista. Koyaya, a cikin 1871-1876 da 1940-1942, an yi amfani da shi a zahiri ga Firayim Minista na zahiri, kamar yadda shugaban ƙasa ya riƙe matsayin.
A matsayinta na mataimakin
gyara sasheMatsayin mataimakin Firayim Minista ya wanzu ne kawai a wasu lokuta a lokacin Jamhuriyar Na Uku (1870-1940, farawa ne kawai a cikin 1910s), Gwamnatin wucin gadi ta Jamhuriyar Faransa (1944-1946), da Jamhuriyar ta huɗu (1946-1958).
Amma ga duk sauran mambobin gwamnati, nadin, ko cirewa, a hukumance ne daga shugaban kasa, amma ya yi biyayya ga shawarar Firayim Minista.
Kodayake yana nuna matsayi mataimakin shugaban gwamnati, matsayin da kansa sinecure ne, wanda ya kawo matsayi bayan Firayim Minista (shugaban majalisar), amma ya zo ba tare da wani takamaiman aiki ko iko ba sai dai idan an shirya shi ta hanyar yanke shawara daban-daban, ko kuma wani rawar da aka zaba a matsayin mukaddashin Firayim Minista. Mai riƙewa wani lokaci yana aiki a matsayin Minista na takamaiman sashen gwamnati, kamar yadda Firayim Minista ya yi a ƙarshen Jamhuriyar ta Uku, amma in ba haka ba ya kasance babban Minista ba tare da fayil ba, tare da alhakin al'ada. Duk da haka an ba da alhakin kai tsaye ga mataimakin shugaban kasa a lokuta biyu, a cikin 1938-1940 lokacin da aka sanya Camille Chautemps a matsayin mai kula da daidaitawa na Ofishin Firayim Minista da aka kafa kwanan nan, [1] kuma a cikin 1951 lokacin da Guy Mollet ke kula da Majalisar Turai. Da farko akwai mai riƙewa ɗaya kawai a lokaci guda, yayin da matsayin Ministan jihar, wanda ya fi na ministoci na yau da kullun, ana iya ba da shi ga mambobi da yawa, tare da ko ba tare da fayil ba; duk da haka akwai har zuwa mataimakan shugaban kasa uku a cikin gwamnatoci na gaba.
Dangane da halin da ake ciki na siyasa, zai iya nuna matsayin mai riƙe, musamman idan ya kasance tsohon Firayim Minista, ko kuma matsayinsa na jagora ko wakilin wata muhimmiyar jam'iyya ta hadin gwiwar gwamnati, musamman ga ƙananan jam'iyyun biyu na tripartisme a 1946-1947. An riga an yi amfani da mukamai na ministocin jihar don wannan dalili tun daga karni na 19; mataimakan firaministan sun kasance sama da waɗannan lokacin da dukansu biyu suka wanzu a lokaci guda, suna ba da damar Firayim Minista ya tsara tsari mai mahimmanci na matsayi.[1]
Mai riƙewa na farko shi ne Aristide Briand a shekara ta 1914, wanda René Viviani ya zaba a farkon yakin duniya na; yayin da gwamnati ta sauya daga Paris zuwa Bordeaux, wannan ya ba shi damar zama mataimakin Vivani, ko kuma ministocin kasashen waje da yaƙi, lokacin da suka zo suka tafi tsakanin biranen biyu. Viviani kuma ita ce Firayim Minista na farko da ba ta riƙe takamaiman fayil don mayar da hankali kan daidaitawar kayan aikin jihar da ke fadadawa.[2] Na karshe shi ne Guy Mollet a shekarar 1958.
Har ila yau, akwai matsayi iri ɗaya a cikin Gwamnatin wucin gadi, Gwamnatin Tsaro ta Kasa (1870-1871), wacce ke da mataimakin shugaban kasa (Mataimakin shugaban Gwamnatin Tsaron Kasa).
A matsayinta na shugaban gwamnati
gyara sasheA cikin gajeren lokaci guda biyu, an yi amfani da taken ga shugaban gwamnati da kansa, saboda shugaban kasa ya rike mukamin Firayim Minista.
A farkon mulkin Vichy (1940-1944), Philippe Pétain, Firayim Minista na karshe na Jamhuriyar Na Uku wanda ya ayyana kansa shugaban kasar Faransa, ya sanya Pierre Laval babban minista lokacin da ya sake nada shi a matsayin mataimakinsa. [ƙananan alpha 4]Pétain ya sallami kuma ya maye gurbin Laval bayan 'yan watanni, amma daga bisani Hukumomin mamayewa na Jamus suka tilasta masa tunatar da shi tare da karuwar hakkoki a watan Afrilu na shekara ta 1942, inda ya ba shi taken chef du gouvernement (shugaban gwamnati), duk da cewa shi da kansa ya ci gaba da taken shugaban majalisar.[3]
Jerin
gyara sashe
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Tsarin da ya gabata da na baya
gyara sashe
Taron Majalisar Ministoci koyaushe shugaban kasa ne (sarkin sarakuna, sarki, shugaban kasa); lokacin da matsayin shugaban gwamnati ya fito a ƙarshen 1810s a ƙarƙashin Maidowa, an yi amfani da taken "shugaban" na wannan kungiya, saboda ya haɗa da alhakin shirya ajanda da kasuwancin da za a magance su.[8] Wannan duk da haka ya kasance ne kawai ta hanyar yarjejeniya, kuma matsayin ko taron shugaban gwamnati ba shi da wanzuwar doka har zuwa shekarun 1870; wasu ministoci an dauke su na biyu a cikin umurni, amma ba a kira su mataimakin shugaban kasa ba.
A lokacin Daular Na Biyu (1852-1870), Napoleon III ya soke matsayin Firayim Minista, wanda ya jagoranci harkokin gwamnati da kansa, amma ministan jihar, wanda ya kasance na farko kuma yana kusa da Sarkin sarakuna, ya zama ana ganinsa a matsayin primus inter pares, musamman lokacin da yake magana da sunan Sarkin sarakunan a cikin muhimman harkokin majalisa.
Kodayake matsayin Firayim Minista ya zo cikin wanzuwar doka lokacin da ya sake fitowa a cikin shekarun 1870, ofishin bai bayyana a cikin kundin tsarin mulkin Faransa ba kafin 1946; na mataimakin bai taɓa bayyana ba.[9]
Matsayin vice-Premier ministre (watakila mataimakin firayim Minista) ba a taɓa ba da shi ba a ƙarƙashin Jamhuriyar Biyar (1958-yanzu). Kundin Tsarin Mulki kawai ya tanadi cewa Firayim Minista "yana iya ba da wasu daga cikin ikonsa ga ministoci" (mataki na 21). Nicolas Hulot, wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin ministan muhalli da sauyawa tare da matsayin ministan jihar a shekarar farko ta shugabancin Emmanuel Macron, ya daɗe yana kira ga matsayin mataimakin firaminista mai kula da muhalli, kuma ya ce Macron ya yi la'akari da ɗaukaka shi, amma ya yanke shawarar cewa zai zama "ba tsarin mulki ba". [ƙananan alpha 5]
Duba kuma
gyara sashe- Mataimakin Firayim Minista - Janar ra'ayi
- Mataimakin Shugaban Faransa - 1848-1852 Ofishin gwamnatin Faransa
- Jerin Firayim Ministocin Faransa
Bayani
gyara sasheBayanan da aka ambata
gyara sasheTushen farko
gyara sasheManazarta
gyara sashe- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Fessard de Foucault 1972.
- ↑ Anizan, Anne-Laure (January–April 2014). "1914-1918, le gouvernement de guerre". Histoire@Politique (in Faransanci). Paris: Sciences Po (22): 215–232. doi:10.3917/hp.022.0215. ISSN 1954-3670 – via Cairn.info. §12–17 in particular.
- ↑ Cotillon, Jérôme (May–August 2009). "Les entourages de Philippe Pétain, chef de l'État français, 1940-1942". Histoire@Politique (in Faransanci). Paris: Sciences Po (8). doi:10.3917/hp.008.0081. ISSN 1954-3670 – via Cairn.info.
- ↑ Unger, Gérard (2005). Aristide Briand, le ferme conciliateur. Paris: Fayard. pp. 291, 304. ISBN 2-213-62339-2.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Valentin, Jean-Marc (2013). René Viviani (1863-1925). Un orateur, du silence à l'oubli (in Faransanci). Limoges: Presses universitaires de Limoges. pp. 215, 229. ISBN 978-2-84287-596-1.
- ↑ Bellon, Christophe (2016). Aristide Briand (in Faransanci). Paris: CNRS Éditions. pp. 219–222. ISBN 978-2-271-08952-6.
- ↑ Jolly, Jean, ed. (1970). "Hubert (Lucien)". Dictionnaire des parlementaires français. Notices biographiques sur les ministres, députés et sénateurs français de 1889 à 1940 (in Faransanci). VI: H–L. Paris: Presses universitaires de France – via National Assembly.
- ↑ Massot 1996.
- ↑ Massot, Jean (January 1996). "Le président du Conseil". Pouvoirs. Revue française d'études constitutionnelles et politiques (in Faransanci). Paris (76: La IVe République): 45–59. ISSN 0152-0768.
- Fessard de Foucault, Bertrand (February 1972). "Les ministres d'État". Revue française de science politique. Paris: Sciences Po. XXII (1): 5–25. doi:10.3406/rfsp.1972.419043 – via Persée.