Marthe Cohn

Marthe Cohn, Marthe Hoffnung an haife ta a sha uku ga Afrilu shekara ta dubu daya da dari tara da ashirin a Metz, ɗan gwagwarmaya ne na Faransa . Dangane da bangaskiyar Yahudawa, ta yi aiki a matsayin wakili na leken asiri ga Faransa a Jamus jim kaɗan kafin mika wuya na Mulki na Uku . Ta ba da labarin abin da ta samu a tarihin rayuwarta.

Marthe Cohn
Rayuwa
Cikakken suna	Marthe Hoffnung
Haihuwa	Metz, 13 ga Afirilu, 1920 (104 shekaru)
ƙasa	Faransa
Mazauni	Palos Verdes Peninsula (en)
Harshen uwa	Faransanci
Karatu
Harsuna	Faransanci
Sana'a
Sana'a	marubuci, French resistance fighter (en) da spy (en)
Kyaututtuka	gani Knight of the Legion of Honour Croix de guerre 1939–1945
Aikin soja
Ya faɗaci	Yakin Duniya na II
IMDb	nm10435085

Tarihin Rayuwar ta

Majami'ar Metz (jihar yanzu). Mulki na uku ya mayar da shi gidan karuwai.

Marthe Hoffnung an sha uku ga Afrilu , shekara ta dubu daya da dari tara da ashirin , a Metz, bayan dawowar a watan Nuwamba shekara ta dubu daya da dari tara da goma sha takwas na Alsace da Moselle zuwa Faransa, bayan tilasta Jamusawa da aka aiwatar tun yerjejeniyar Frankfort a ranar Mayu shekara ta dubu daya da dari takwas da saba'in da daya da kuma inda Jamusawa suka samu, bayan shan kashi na Faransa a karshen. Yaƙin Franco-Prussian na shekara ta dubu daya da dari takwas da saba'in zuwa shekara ta dubu daya da dari takwas da saba'in da daya, cewa Alsace da Moselle sun rabu da Faransa, don haka a gaban ƙasashen daular Jamus, a hukumance aka ƙirƙira kuma aka yi shelar a Versailles a ranar sha takwas ga Janairu, shekara ta dubu daya da dari takwas da saba'in da daya. Iyalinsa Yahudawan Orthodox ne. Yara bakwai ne. Ta gano anti-Semitism tana da shekaru shida, a gaban majami'a a Metz . A cikinSatumba shekara ta dubu daya da dari tara da arba'in , bisa ga umarnin kwashe fararen hula, ta fake, kamar Mosellens da yawa, a Poitiers a Vienne . Bayan mamayar Faransa a Yuni shekara ta dubu daya da dari tara da arba'in , da kuma haɗawa da sake haɗawa da Alsace da Moselle zuwa Rikici na Uku a cikin yuli shekara ta dubu daya da dari tara da arba'in, ta yanke shawarar zama a Vienne.

Bayan 'yan Gestapo sun kama 'yar uwarsa Stéphanie,sha bakwai ga Yuni, shekara ta dubu daya da dari tara da arba'in da biyu, Marthe ta shirya tserewar danginta, daga Poitiers zuwa Free Zone . A can, za ta iya rayuwa godiya ga takardun karya, wanda aka yi kafin ta tashi. Abokin aurenta, Jacques Delaunay, dalibi ya hadu a Poitiers, mai rayayye a cikin Resistance na Faransa, an harbe ta a Oktoba shida ga shekara ta dubu daya da dari tara da arba'in da uku,Kagara na Mont-Valérien, a cikin Suresnes . A cikin Nuwamba shekara ta dubu daya da dari tara da arba'in da uku , Marthe Cohn tana kammala karatun da ta fara a cikin Oktoba shekara ta dubu daya da dari tara da arba'in da daya a Poitiers, a makarantar jinya ta Red Cross ta Faransa, a Marseilles . Sai ta yi ƙoƙari, a banza, don shiga Resistance.

Bayan Liberation na Paris, a Satumba shekara ta dubu daya da dari tara da arba'in da hudu, Marthe ta shiga aikin sojan Faransa, inda take son kawo kwarewarta a matsayin ma’aikaciyar jinya. An sanya ta zuwa sabis na likita na 151 rundunan sojoji . Gano cewa tana jin cikakken Jamusanci, harshen da ta yi amfani da shi don sadarwa tare da iyayenta, babban ta, Kanar Fabien, ya ba ta damar shiga ayyukan leken asiri na 1 . Faransa . Marthe Hoffnung, mai shekaru 24, ta kasance tana aiki da ofishin "hankali" na kwamandojin Afirka . Bayan yunkurin kutsawa cikin Alsace goma sha hudu bai yi nasara ba, yankin da aka hade kamar Moselle, ya shiga Jamus ta Switzerland .Afrilu sha daya, shekara ta dubu daya da dari tara da arba'in da biyar.

Mai aiki a cikin yankin abokan gaba, sannan yana tattara bayanai masu mahimmanci, wanda ke ba da gudummawa sosai ga ci gaban sojojin Faransa. Musamman ma, ta gargadi shugabanninta game da watsi da layin Siegfried, a yankin Freiburg im Breisgau, kuma ta ba da rahoton wani babban kwanton bauna na Wehrmacht, a cikin Black Forest . Don waɗannan ayyukan, an ba Marthe Hoffnung Croix de guerre a cikin 1945 . Don haka, za ta sami lambar yabo ta soja a 1999 , kuma za ta zama Knight of the Legion of Honor a cikin shekara ta dubu biyu da hudu , kafin ta sami Medal na amincewa da ƙasa, a cikin shekara ta dubu biyu da shida.

A cikin shekara ta dubu daya da dari tara da hamsin da takwas, Marthe Hoffnung ya auri kwamandan likita Lloyd Cohn, likitan Sojan Amurka. A halin yanzu tana zaune a Los Angeles, California, Amurka .

Tare da taimakon 'yar jaridar Birtaniya Wendy Holden, Marthe Cohn ta bibiyi labarinta a cikin wani littafi da aka buga a shekara ta dubu biyu da biyu, Bayan Layin Enemy , , .

Nicola Alice-Hens ta yi wani fim na gaskiya daga rayuwar Marthe Hoffnung, Chichinette, rayuwata a matsayin ɗan leƙen asiri, wanda aka saki a gidajen sinima a Faransa a Oktoba 30, 2019 .

Labarai

• (en) Marthe Cohn et Wendy Holden, Behind Enemy Lines : The true story of a French Jewish Spy in Nazi Germany, New York, Harmony Books, 2002, 282 p. (ISBN 0-609-61054-6).
• Marthe Cohn et Wendy Holden (trad. de l'anglais par Hélène Prouteau), Derrière les lignes ennemies : Une espionne juive dans l'Allemagne nazie, Paris, Plon, 2004, 309 p. (ISBN 2-259-19658-6).
• Marthe Cohn et Wendy Holden (trad. de l'anglais par Hélène Prouteau), Derrière les lignes ennemies : Une espionne juive dans l'Allemagne nazie, Paris, Éditions Tallandier, 2009 (ISBN 978-2-7098-1769-1 et 2-7098-1769-1).