Jirgin ruwa
Ruwan leda ko sakiti wani nau'i ne na sayar da ruwa mai tsabta ko a cikin filastik, jaka masu rufe zafi a wasu sassan kudancin duniya, kuma sun shahara musamman a Afirka.[1] Sakets na ruwa sun fi arha don samarwa fiye da kwalabe na filastik, kuma sun fi sauƙi don jigilar su.[2] A wasu ƙasashe, masu sayar da ruwa suna magana ne game da ruwan sachet a matsayin "ruwa mai tsabta".[3][4]
 Ruwan leda | |
|---|---|
|
| |
| Bayanai | |
| Ƙaramin ɓangare na |
water storage (en)  |
| Ƙasa | Najeriya |
| Contains (en) | Ruwa |
Babban buƙata, da kuma mummunan tattara sharar gida daga masu amfani, ya haifar da gurɓataccen filastik da sharar gidaje daga jakets a duk faɗin Afirka ta Yamma.[1][3] Tattara sachet akai-akai yana haifar da toshe ruwan guguwa, da sauran batutuwa.[3] Wasu ƙasashe, kamar Senegal, sun haramta sackets da za a iya zubar da su.[1]
Saboda ana cika sackets akai-akai a cikin ƙananan kuma sau da yawa ba a tsara su ba, yanayin tsabtace jiki mara kyau na iya haifar da cuta ko gurɓatawa a wasu lokuta.[5][2] Koyaya, a cikin ƙasashe kamar Ghana masu amfani har yanzu sun fi son wannan damar fiye da wasu nau'ikan masu siyarwa, tare da fahimtar ƙananan haɗari.[2] Wannan nau'in rarraba ruwa yana ba da damar samun ruwa a cikin al'ummomin da ba za su sami shi ba. Koyaya, wasu malamai sun gano wannan hanyar rarraba kamar yadda ke da yiwuwar haƙƙin ɗan adam da batutuwan adalci na zamantakewa, yana iyakance haƙƙin ruwa da tsabta.[2][6]
Damuwar lafiya
gyara sashe
Nazarin sachet akai-akai yana samun yanayin tsabta mara kyau tsakanin masu samar da sachet. Wani binciken da aka yi game da sachets a Port Harcourt, Najeriya ya gano cewa ruwan sachet yana da gurɓataccen gurɓata daga cututtuka daban-daban da ke haifar da ƙwayoyin cuta.[7] Tsawon adanawa na sackets ya sami matakan barazanar lafiyar mutum na ƙwayoyin cuta bayan watanni 4 a cikin samfurori da yawa.[7] Hakazalika bayan farawar cutar ta COVID, a Damongo sun gano kashi 96% na masu samarwa ba su da isasshen matakan tsabta.[8]
Ta hanyar ƙasa
gyara sasheGhana
gyara sashe
Ruwa na leda ya zama ruwan dare a Ghana.[2] Binciken 2012 na amfani da sachet a Ghana ya sami ruwan sachet ko'ina musamman a cikin al'ummomin da suka fi talauci.[2] Sachets yawanci 500 ml polyethylene jaka, da zafi rufe a kowane karshen.[2] Isar da ruwa na Sachet wani bangare ne na babban tsari a isar da masu sayar da ruwa masu zaman kansu daga bututun birni.[2]
Ruwan kunshewa a cikin ƙananan jaka na filastik ya fara ne a cikin shekarun 1990, kuma wannan aikin ya girma bayan gabatar da injunan kasar Sin don cikawa da jaka na rufe zafi.[2] Karin farashi a cikin 2022, ya ga canje-canje masu mahimmanci a cikin tallace-tallace a Yankin Ashanti.[9]
Najeriya
gyara sasheRuwa na leda (fiya wota) ya zama wani muhimmin bangare na samun ruwa a Najeriya, musamman biranen da ke girma da sauri kamar Legas.[10][11] Kudin ruwan Sachet ya dogara da canje-canjen tattalin arziki. A cikin 2021, Ƙungiyar Masu samar da Ruwa na Najeriya ta ƙara farashin jaka na ruwan sachet zuwa 200 naira saboda karuwar farashin samarwa.[12] Babban raguwar kuɗin yankin ya haifar da karuwar farashi a cikin 2022.[13][14]
Dubi kuma
gyara sashe- Ruwa mai sha
- Ruwa mai tsabta
- Samun ruwa da tsabtace muhalli
- WASH - Ruwa, tsaftacewa da tsabta
- Gidan shakatawa na ruwa
Manazarta
gyara sashe- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Lerner, Sharon (2020-04-19). "Africa's Exploding Plastic Nightmare: As Africa Drowns in Garbage, the Plastics Business Keeps Booming". The Intercept (in Turanci). Archived from the original on 2022-03-06. Retrieved 2022-03-06.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 Stoler, Justin; Weeks, John R.; Fink, Günther (2012). "Sachet drinking water in Ghana's Accra-Tema metropolitan area: past, present, and future". Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development. 2 (4): 10.2166/washdev.2012.104. doi:10.2166/washdev.2012.104. ISSN 2043-9083. PMC 3842094. PMID 24294481.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Stoler, Justin (2012-10-11). "Improved but unsustainable: accounting for sachet water in post-2015 goals for global safe water". Tropical Medicine & International Health. 17 (12): 1506–1508. doi:10.1111/j.1365-3156.2012.03099.x. ISSN 1360-2276. PMID 23051893. S2CID 205392805.
- ↑ Keough, Sara Beth; Youngstedt, Scott M. (2018-01-09). "'Pure water' in Niamey, Niger: the backstory of sachet water in a landscape of waste". Africa (in Turanci). 88 (1): 38–62. doi:10.1017/S0001972017000560. ISSN 0001-9720. S2CID 149122566.
- ↑ Fisher, Michael B.; Williams, Ashley R.; Jalloh, Mohamed F.; Saquee, George; Bain, Robert E. S.; Bartram, Jamie K. (2015-07-10). "Microbiological and Chemical Quality of Packaged Sachet Water and Household Stored Drinking Water in Freetown, Sierra Leone". PLOS ONE. 10 (7): e0131772. Bibcode:2015PLoSO..1031772F. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0131772. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 4498897. PMID 26162082.
- ↑ Morinville, Cynthia (2017-09-11). "Sachet water: regulation and implications for access and equity in Accra, Ghana". WIREs Water. 4 (6). doi:10.1002/wat2.1244. ISSN 2049-1948. S2CID 168637685. Archived from the original on 2022-03-06. Retrieved 2022-03-06.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 "Storage Effects on the Quality of Sachet Water Produced within Port Harcourt Metropolis, Nigeria". platform.almanhal.com (in Turanci). Retrieved 2022-03-06.[permanent dead link]
- ↑ Amuah, Ebenezer Ebo Yahans; Bekoe, Emmanuel Martin Obeng; Kazapoe, Raymond Webrah; Dankwa, Paul; Nandomah, Solomon; Douti, Nang Biyogue; Abanyie, Samuel Kojo; Okyere, Isaac Kwaku (2021-08-01). "Sachet water quality and Vendors' practices in Damongo, northern Ghana during the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 using multivariate statistics, water quality and pollution indices, and panel assessment". Environmental Challenges (in Turanci). 4: 100164. Bibcode:2021EnvCh...400164A. doi:10.1016/j.envc.2021.100164. ISSN 2667-0100. PMC 9767321 Check
|pmc=value (help). PMID 37522148 Check|pmid=value (help). S2CID 236239772 Check|s2cid=value (help). - ↑ "Sachet water vendors and consumers lament low patronage due to price increase - MyJoyOnline.com". www.myjoyonline.com (in Turanci). 2022-01-18. Archived from the original on 2022-03-06. Retrieved 2022-03-06.
- ↑ "Lagos: Growth without infrastructure" (PDF). Stimson Global Health Security. c. 2009. Archived (PDF) from the original on 7 September 2012. Retrieved 12 April 2012.
- ↑ Ighalo, Joshua O.; Adeniyi, Adewale George (2020-12-01). "A comprehensive review of water quality monitoring and assessment in Nigeria". Chemosphere (in Turanci). 260: 127569. Bibcode:2020Chmsp.260l7569I. doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127569. ISSN 0045-6535. PMID 32688315. S2CID 220669885.
- ↑ "Why we increased price of sachet water to 200 naira per bag — ATWAP". Vanguard News (in Turanci). 2021-11-11. Archived from the original on 2022-04-09. Retrieved 2022-04-09.
- ↑ Nigeria, News Agency Of (2022-03-03). "Producers explain why a bag of sachet water now sells for N250 in Ogun". Pulse Nigeria (in Turanci). Archived from the original on 2022-03-06. Retrieved 2022-03-06.
- ↑ "Inflation: Pure water price rises to N20 per sachet". Nairametrics (in Turanci). 2022-03-05. Archived from the original on 2022-03-06. Retrieved 2022-03-06.