Harsunan Kainji
Harsunan Kainji rukuni ne na kusan harsuna 60 da ke da alaƙa da juna da ake magana a yammacin tsakiyar Najeriya. Sun kasance wani ɓangare na reshen Najeriya ta tsakiya (Platoid) na Benue-Congo .
| Harsunan Kainji | |
|---|---|
| Linguistic classification | |
| Glottolog | kain1275[1] |
Yawan jama'a
gyara sasheHudu daga cikin harsunan Kainji da aka fi magana da su sune Tsuvadi (150,000), Cishingini da Tsishingini (100,000 kowannensu) - duk daga reshen Kambari; da Clela (C'lela, Lela) (100,000), na reshen Arewa maso Yammacin Kainji. Gabaɗaya, akwai kusan masu magana da harsunan Kainji miliyan ɗaya (kimanin shekarun 1990) a Najeriya.
Tarihi
gyara sasheBlench (2012) ya kiyasta Proto-Kainji ya kai shekaru 3,000 zuwa 4,000. Rarrabawar a yau mai yiwuwa ne saboda fadada tarihin arewacin yarukan Nupoid.
Yanayin Yanayi
gyara sasheGabatarwa na Proto-Kainji: [2]
- *mV- don ruwa da sauran sunayen taro
- *u- don mutum, *ba- don mutane
- *kV- don karami kuma watakila ma haɓaka; Hakanan ana samun sa a wasu harsunan PlateauHarsunan tsaunuka
Rarraba
gyara sasheMafi bambance-bambance daga cikin harsunan Kainji sune Reshe, Laru da Lopa, wanda zai iya samar da reshe tare. Rarrabawar sauran rassan ba a bayyana ba tukuna. Rarrabawar bangarori biyu tsakanin Gabashin Kainji da Yammacin Kainji ba a kiyaye su ba, tare da Yammaci Kainji yanzu yana da paraphyletic.
Blench (2018)
gyara sasheKwanan nan Kainji classification by Blench (2018:64): [2]
Blench (2012)
gyara sasheRarrabawar Blench (2012) ita ce:
McGill (2012)
gyara sasheWani bita [3] harsunan Kainji na McGill (2012) ya raba Kainji zuwa rassan Lake da Central.
Gerhardt (1983)
gyara sasheRarraba harsunan Plateau 1a (yanzu West Kainji) da Plateau 1b (yanzu East Kainji) ta Gerhardt (1983), [4] bisa ga Maddieson (1972): [5]
Sunayen da wurare
gyara sasheDa ke ƙasa akwai cikakken jerin sunayen yaren Kainji, yawan jama'a, da wurare daga Blench (2019).
Lura: Yammacin Kainji na ƙasa ne maimakon asali.
| Rukunin | Wuraren farko |
|---|---|
| Gabashin Kainji | Kauru LGA, Jihar Kaduna da Bassa LGA, Jiha ta PlateauJihar Filayen |
| Yammacin Kainji | Rafi LGA, Jihar Nijar da Zuru da Yauri LGAs, Jihar Kebbi (Yankin Tafkin Kainji) |
Manazarta
gyara sashe- ↑ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). http://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/kain1275
|chapterurl=missing title (help). Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History. - ↑ 2.0 2.1 Blench, Roger M. 2018. Nominal affixing in the Kainji languages of northwestern and central Nigeria. In John R. Watters (ed.), East Benue-Congo: Nouns, pronouns, and verbs, 59–106. Berlin: Language Science Press. doi:10.5281/zenodo.1314323 Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name "Blench2018" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ McGill, Stuart. 2012. The Kainji languages. Ms, School of Oriental and African Studies, London, 30 August 2012.
- ↑ Gerhardt, Ludwig. 1983. Beiträge zur Kenntnis der Sprachen des Nigerianischen Plateaus. Glückstadt: Verlag J. J. Augustin.
- ↑ Maddieson, Ian. 1972. The Benue-Congo Languages of Nigeria. Sheet 1 and 2: Plateau. Mimeographed paper. Ibadan.