Dong Zhongshu
Dong Zhongshu ( Chinese ; 179-104 BC) masanin falsafar kasar Sin ne, dan siyasa, kuma marubucin daular Han . A al'adance yana da alaƙa da tallata Confucianism a matsayin akidar hukuma ta mulkin daular Sin, yana fifita bautar sama fiye da al'adar ƙungiyoyin asiri na bikin abubuwa biyar .[1] Jin daɗin babban tasiri a cikin kotu a cikin shekarun da suka gabata na rayuwarsa, abokin hamayyarsa Gongsun Hong daga ƙarshe ya inganta ritayarsa na ɗan lokaci daga rayuwarsa ta siyasa ta hanyar kore shi zuwa ga Chancellery na Weifang, amma an watsa koyarwarsa daga can. [2]
 Dong Zhongshu | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Rayuwa | |
| Haihuwa |
Jing County (en)  , 179 "BCE" |
| ƙasa |
Western Han (en) |
| Mutuwa | Xi'an, 104 "BCE" |
| Makwanci |
Tomb of Dong Zhongshu (en) |
| Karatu | |
| Harsuna | Sinanci |
| Ɗalibai |
view
|
| Sana'a | |
| Sana'a |
mai falsafa, marubuci, ɗan siyasa da statesperson (en) |
| Muhimman ayyuka |
Luxuriant Dew of the Spring and Autumn Annals (en) |
| Fafutuka |
Chinese philosophy (en) |
| Imani | |
| Addini | Konfushiyanci |
Tarihin Rayuwa
gyara sashe 
An haifi Dong a Hengshui na zamani, Hebei, a cikin 179 BC. Wurin haifuwar sa yana da alaƙa da Garin Wencheng (溫城鄉, yanzu yana cikin ƙasar Jing ), don haka a cikin littafin tarihin bazara da kaka an taɓa ambata shi da Lord Dong na Wencheng (溫城董君 ).[3]
Ya shiga aikin daular a zamanin sarki Jing na Han kuma ya kai babban mukami a karkashin sarki Wu na Han . Dangantakarsa da sarki ba ta da daɗi ko da yake. A wani lokaci an jefa shi cikin kurkuku kuma an kusa kashe shi saboda rubuce-rubucen da aka yi la'akari da su na tayar da hankali, kuma mai yiwuwa ya yi hasashen rushe daular Han da maye gurbinsa da wani mai hikima na Confucian, bayyanar farko ta jigo wanda daga baya zai share Wang Mang . kursiyin sarki. Da alama babban mashawarcin sarki Gongsun Hong ya ba shi kariya.[4]
Tunanin Dong Zhongshu ya haɗa ilimin sararin samaniya na Yin Yang cikin tsarin ɗabi'ar Confucius. Ya jaddada mahimmancin tarihin bazara da kaka a matsayin tushen ra'ayoyin siyasa da na zahiri, bin al'adar Sharhi ta Gongyang wajen neman boyayyun ma'anoni daga nassi. Ana kuma la'akari da shi wanda ya kafa koyarwar Mu'amala Tsakanin Sama da Bil'adama, wanda ya tsara dokoki don yanke shawarar halaccin sarki tare da samar da tsarin tantancewa da ma'auni ga sarki mai mulki.
Littafi Mai Tsarki
gyara sashe
Akwai ayyuka guda biyu da aka danganta ga Dong Zhongshu, ɗaya daga cikinsu shi ne Ju Xianliang Duice a cikin surori uku, waɗanda aka adana a ƙarƙashin Littafin Han . Mafi mahimmancin rubutunsa shine Raɓar Raba na Annals na bazara da kaka, wanda shine sharhi akan rubutun Confucian na Canonical Spring and Summer Annals . Ƙarfafa Dew na tarihin bazara da kaka yana da alamomi da yawa na marubuta da yawa. Masana da yawa sun yi tambaya game da ko Dong ne ya rubuta aikin, da suka haɗa da Zhu Xi, Cheng Yanzuo, Dai Junren, Keimatsu Mitsuo, da Tanaka Masami.
Malamai yanzu sun ƙi kamar yadda daga baya suka ƙara duk nassosin da suka tattauna ka'idar abubuwa biyar, kuma yawancin sauran aikin ma abin tambaya ne. Ga alama ya fi aminci a ɗauke shi azaman tarin surori marasa alaƙa ko sako-sako da gajerun ayyuka, waɗanda za a iya raba su zuwa rukuni biyar. Yawancin suna da alaƙa fiye ko žasa da Tafsirin Gongyang da makarantarta kuma mutane da yawa sun rubuta su a lokuta daban-daban a cikin daular Han.
Sauran mahimman bayanai na rayuwar Dong Zhongshu da tunaninsa sun haɗa da fu ɓacin rai na masanin, tarihin rayuwarsa da aka haɗa a cikin littafin Han, Yin Yang da ra'ayin mayar da martani mai ƙarfafawa wanda aka lura a wurare daban-daban a cikin littafin Han "Ma'anar Abubuwa biyar," da gutsutsun tattaunawarsa na shari'a. Ka'idar Dong Zhongshu na 'asali qi' (yuanqi ko 元氣), abubuwa biyar da kuma ci gaban tarihi, daga baya marigayi mai neman sauyi na Qing Kang Youwei ya karbe shi tare da gyara shi don tabbatar da ka'idojin ci gabansa ta hanyar yin gyare-gyaren siyasa. (Duba Kang Youwei 1987: Kang Youwei Quanji: Juzu'i na ɗaya da na Biyu. Shanghai Guji Chubanshe). Duk da haka, an yi tambaya kan yadda Kang Youwei ya fahimci tunanin Dong Zhongshu daidai. (Kuang Bailin 1980: Kang Youwei de zhexue sixiang. Beijing: Zhongguo shehui kexue chubanshe).
Manazarta
gyara sasheAyyukan da aka ambata
gyara sashe- Wm. Theodore de Bary da Irene Bloom (ed.) (1999) Tushen Al'adun Sinanci (bugu na biyu), Jami'ar Columbia Press, 292-310.
- David W. Pankenier (1990). "Abin takaicin Malaman" Ya Sake La'akari: Melancholia ko Credo? , Jaridar Ƙungiyar Gabas ta Amirka 110 (3): 434-59.
- Arbuckle, G. (1995). Cin amanar kasa da babu makawa: ka'idar Dong Zhongshu na zagayowar tarihi da rugujewar umarnin Han, Journal of the American Oriental Society 115(4).
- Sarah A. Sarauniya (1996). Daga Tarihi zuwa Canon: Littattafai na Haihuwar bazara da kaka Annals a cewar Tung Chung-shu, Jami'ar Cambridge University Press.
- ↑ name=":0">Loewe, Michael (2011-04-11). Dong Zhongshu, a ‘Confucian’ Heritage and the Chunqiu Fanlu (in Turanci). BRILL. ISBN 978-90-04-19465-6.
- ↑ Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs named:0 - ↑ Queen, Sarah Ann (1996-08-28). From Chronicle to Canon: The Hermeneutics of the Spring and Autumn According to Tung Chung-shu (in Turanci). Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-48226-4.
- ↑ name=":Laikwan">Laikwan, Pang (2024). One and All: The Logic of Chinese Sovereignty. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press. p. 30. ISBN 9781503638815.